Did you say reference conditions? Ecological and socio-economic perspectives on the European Water Framework Directive

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 47, Issue , 2015, Pages 32-41

  Bouleau, Gabrielle ^a   Pont, Didier ^b  

^a UR ETBX   (France)

^b CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Bio indicators; Climate change; Ecological modernization; Legally binding standards; Open method of coordination; Reference conditions; River restoration; Water framework directive

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; WATER;

ADAPTATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARTICLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; ORGANIZATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; SOCIOLOGIST; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 84911413817     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: 18736416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.10.012     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Anderson T., Leal L. Free Market Environmentalism 1991, Westview Press, Boulder.
2. Aronson J., Clewell A.F., Blignaut J.N., Milton S.J. Ecological restoration: a new frontier for nature conservation and economics. J. Nat. Conserv. 2006, 14:135-139.
3. Aubin D., Varone F. The evolution of the European Water Policy. Towards an integrated resource management at EU level. The Evolution of National Water Regimes in Europe: Transitions in Water Rights and Water Policies 2004, 49-89. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Euwareness. I. Kissling-Näf, S. Kuks (Eds.).
4. Balée W. Advances in Historical Ecology 1998, Columbia University Press, New York.
5. Barone S., Bouleau G. La directive-cadre sur l'eau et ses traductions: que nous apprennent les sites 'innovants'?. PÔle Sud 2011, 35:43-58.
6. Birk S., Willby N.J., Kelly M.G., Bonne W., Borja A., Poikane S., van de Bund W. Intercalibrating classifications of ecological status: Europe's quest for common management objectives for aquatic ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 454-455:490-499.
7. Bouleau G. The WFD Dreams: between ecology and economics. Water Environ. J. 2008, 22(4):235-240.
8. Bouleau G., Argillier C., Souchon Y., Barthélémy C., Babut M. How ecological indicators construction reveals social changes - the case of lakes and rivers in France. Ecol. Indic. 2009, 9(6):1198-1205.
9. Bouleau G., Pont D. Les conditions de référence de la directive cadre européenne sur l'eau face à la dynamique des hydrosystèmes et des usages. Nat. Sci. Soc. 2014, 22(1):3-14.
10. Bruno I., Jacquot S., Mandin L. Europeanization through its instrumentation: benchmarking, mainstreaming and the open method of co-ordination. . . Toolbox or Pandora's box?. J. Eur. Public Policy 2006, 13(4):519-536.
11. Buisson L., Grenouillet G. Contrasted impacts of climate change on stream fish assemblages along an environmental gradient. Divers. Distrib. 2009, (15):613-626.
12. Cini M. Administrative culture in the European Commission: the case of competition and environment, European Community Studies Association (ECSA). Fourth Biennial International Conference 1995.
13. Clarke R.T., Hering D. Errors and uncertainty in bioassessment methods - major results and conclusions from the STAR project and their application using STARBUGS. Hydrobiologia 2006, 566(1):433-439.
14. Clements F.E. Research Methods in Ecology 1905, University Printing, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
15. Commission of the European Communities, 1994. Proposal for a council directive on the ecological quality of water, COM (93). Brussels. 94/0152 SYN.
16. Davies S.P., Jackson S.K. The biological condition gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 2006, (16):1251-1266.
17. Dezalay Y. De la défense de l'environnement au développement durable. L'émergence d'un champ d'expertise des politiques européennes. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 2007, 1(166-167):66-79.
18. Dufour S., Piégay H. From the myth of a lost paradise to targeted river restoration: forget natural references and focus on human benefits. River Res. Appl. 2009, (25):568-581.
19. EEA Inland Waters - Europe's Environment: The Dobris Assessment 1994 1995, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen K, Denmark, (chapter 5).
20. Egan D., Howell E.A. The Historical Ecology Handbook. A Restorationist's Guide on Reference Ecosystems 2001, Island Press, Washington.
21. Elton C. Animal Ecology and Evolution 1930, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
22. European Communities River Basin Management in a Changing Climate. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) - Guidance Document No. 24 2009, 141. European Communities.
23. Farina A. The cultural landscape as a model for the integration of ecology and economics. Bioscience 2000, 50(4):313-320.
24. Fernandez S., Bouleau G., Treyer S. Bringing politics back into water planning scenarios in Europe. J. Hydrol. 2014, 518, Part A:17-27.
25. Fischer-Kowalski M. On the Development of Concept and Methodology of Society's Metabolism 1997, 57. Interuniversitäres Institut für interdisziplinäre Forschung und Fortbildung. Abteilung soziale Ökologie (version anglaise).
26. Friberg N., Bonada N., Bradley D.C., Dunbar M.J., Edwards F.K., Grey J., Hayes R.B., Hildrew A.G., Lamouroux N., Trimmer M., Woodward G. Biomonitoring of human impacts in freshwater ecosystems: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Adv. Ecol. Res. 2011, 44:1-68.
27. Fulé P.Z., Covington W.W., Moore M.M. Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Ecol. Appl. 1997, 7(3):895-908.
28. Gunderson L.H., Holling C.S. Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and natural Systems 2002, Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
29. Hanski I. Metapopulation Ecology 1999, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK.
30. Henri C.P., Amoros C. Restoration ecology of riverine wetlands: I. A scientific base. Environ. Manag. 1995, (6):891-902.
31. Hering D., Borja A., Carstensen J., Carvalho L., Elliott M., Feld C.K., Heiskanen A.-S., Johnson R.K., Moe J., Pont D., Solheim A.L., de Bund W.v. The European Water Framework Directive at the age of 10: a critical review of the achievements with recommendations for the future. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408(19):4007-4019.
32. Héritier A. Leaders and laggards in European clean air policy. Convergence or Diversity? The pressure of Internationalization on Economic Governance Institutions and Policy Outcomes 1995, 278-305. Ashgate, Aldershot. F. Waarden, B. Unger (Eds.).
33. Holling C. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 1973, 4:1-23.
34. Homeyer I.v. Differential effects of enlargement on EU environmental governance. Environ. Polit. 2004, 13(1):52-76.
35. Howarth W. The progression towards ecological quality standards. J. Environ. Law 2006, 18(1):3-35.
36. Hughes F.M.R., Colston A., Mountford J.O. Restoring riparian ecosystems: the challenge of accommodating variability and designing restoration trajectories. Ecol. Soc. 2005, 10:1-12.
37. Hughes R.M., Larsen D.P. Ecoregions: an approach to surface water protection. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 1988, 60:486-493.
38. Jungwirth M., Muha S., Schmutz S. Assessing the ecological integrity of running waters. Proceedings of the International Conference 2000, Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols. 422-423, Developments in Hydrobiology. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, p.487.
39. Junier S., Borowski I., Bouleau G., Interwies E., Mostert E. Implementing the Water Framework Directive: lessons for the second planning cycle. The Water Framework Directive: Action Programmes and Adaptation to Climate Change 2011, RSC Publishing, Cambridge. P. Quevauviller, U. Borchers, K.C. Thompson, T. Simonart (Eds.).
40. Kaika M., Page B. The EU water framework directive: part1. European policy making and the changing topography of lobbying. Eur. Environ. 2003, 13:314-327.
41. Karr J.R. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Am. Fish. Soc. 1981, 6(6):21-27.
42. Kaufmann M.R., Huckaby L.S., Regan C.M., Popp J. Forest Reference Conditions for Ecosystem Management in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico 1998, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO.
43. Keessen A.M., Kempen J.J.H.v., Rijswick M.v., Robbe J., Backes C.W. European river basin districts: are they swimming in the same implementation pool?. J. Environ. Law 2010, 22(2):197-221.
44. Kern K. Rehabilitation of streams in south-west Germany. River Conservation and Management 1992, 321-336. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK. P.J. Boon, P. Calow, G.E. Petts (Eds.).
45. Knill C., Liefferink D. Environmental politics in the European Union 2007, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
46. Kraemer A., Klasing A., Homeyer I.v. The EU Open Method of Co-ordination: Risks & Chances for Environmental Policy. Commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management. Conference 'Sustainable Development in an Enlarged Union - Linking National Strategies & Strengthening European Coherence' 2004.
47. Lévêque C., Muxart T., Abbadie L., Weil A., Leeuw S.v.d. L'anthroposystème: entité structurelle et fonctionnelle des interactions sociétés - milieux. Quelles natures voulons-nous? 2003, 110-129. Elsevier, Paris. C. Lévêque, S. Van Der Leeuw (Eds.).
48. Logez M., Pont D. Global warming and potential shift in reference conditions: the case of functional fish based metrics. Hydrobiologia 2013, (704):417-436.
49. Loupsans D., Gramaglia C. L'expertise sous tensions. Cultures épistémiques et politiques à l'épreuve de l'écriture de la directive cadre européenne sur l'eau. Centre international de formation européenne. L'Europe en Formation 2011, 3(361):87-114.
50. Marzin A., Archaimbault V., Belliard J., Chauvin C., Delmas F., Pont D. Ecological assessment of running waters: do macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, diatoms and fish show similar responses to human pressures?. Ecol. Indic. 2012, (23):56-65.
51. Marzin A., Delaigue O., Logez M., Pont D. Uncertainty associated with river health assessment in a varying environment: the case of a predictive fish-based index in France. Ecol. Indic. 2014, 43:195-204.
52. Mondy C.P., Villeneuve B., Archaimbault V., Usseglio-Polatera P. A new macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (I2M2) to evaluate ecological quality of French wadeable streams fulfilling the WFD demands: a taxonomical and trait approach. Ecol. Indic. 2012, (18):452-457.
53. Moss B. The Water Framework Directive: total environment or political compromise?. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 400(1-3):32-41.
54. Nilsson C., Jansson R., Malmqvist B., Naiman R.J. Restoring riverine landscapes: the challenge of identifying priorities, reference states, and techniques. Ecol. Soc. 2007, 12(1).
55. O'Neill R.V. Is it time to bury the ecosystem concept? (With full military honors, of course!). Ecology 2001, 82(12):3275-3284.
56. Oberdorff T., Pont D., Hugueny B., Porcher J.-P. Development and validation of a fish-based index for the assessment of 'river health' in France. Freshw. Biol. 2002, (47):1720-1734.
57. Odum E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology 1953, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
58. OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews 1993, OECD Environment Monographs No. 83, Paris.
59. OECD Indicateurs d'environnement: Corps central de l'OCDE 1994, OCDE, Paris.
60. Omernik J.M. Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 1987, (77):118-125.
61. Ormerod S.J., Dobson M., Hildrew A.H., Townsend C. Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems. Freshw. Biol. 2010, (55):1-4.
62. Pardo I., Gómez-Rodríguez C., Wasson J.-G., Owen R., van de Bund W., Kelly M., Bennett C., Birk S., Buffagni A., Erba S., Mengin N., Murray-Bligh J., Ofenböeck G. The European reference condition concept: a scientific and technical approach to identify minimally-impacted river ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 420:33-42.
63. Pickett S.T.A., Cadenasso M.L. Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Science 1995, 269(5222):331-334.
64. Pimm S.L. The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 1984, 307:321-326.
65. Pont D. Water Framework Directive. Intercalibration Phase 2. River Fish European Intercalibration Group. Final Report to ECOSTAT 2011, 105.
66. Pont D., Hugueny B., Beier U., Goffaux D., Melcher A., Noble R., Rogers C., Roset N., Schmutz S. Assessing river biotic condition at the continental scale: a European approach using functional metrics and fish assemblages. J. Appl. Ecol. 2006, (43):70-80.
67. Pont D., Piégay H., Farinetti A., Allain S., Landon N., Liébault F., Dumont B., Richard-Mazet A. Conceptual framework and interdisciplinary approach for the sustainable management of gravel-bed rivers: the case of the DrÔme River basin (S.E. France). Aquat. Ecol. 2009, (71):356-370.
68. Radaelli C.M. The Open Method of Coordination: A New Governance Architecture for the European Union? 2003, Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies, Stockholm.
69. Salais R. La politique des indicateurs. Du taux de chÔmage au taux d'emploi dans la stratégie européenne pour l'emploi (SEE). Action publique et sciences sociales 2004, Maison des sciences de l'homme, Paris. B. Zimmermann (Ed.).
70. Santbergen L. Ambiguous Ambitions in the Meuse Theatre. Impact of the Water Framework Directive on Collective-choice Rules for Integrated River Basin Management 2013, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Delft.
71. Sbragia A. Environmental policy: the push-pull of policy-making. Policy-Making in the European Union 1996, 235-255. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 3rd ed. H. Wallace, W. Wallace (Eds.).
72. Scheffer M., Carpenter S., Foley J.A., Folke C., Walker B. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 2001, 413(11):591-596.
73. Schmutz S., Kaufmann M., Vogel B., Jungwirth M., Muhar S. A multi-level concept for fish-based, river-type-specific assessment of ecological integrity. Assessing the Ecological Integrity of Running Waters 2000, 279-289. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. M. Jungwirth, S. Muhar, S. Schmutz (Eds.).
74. Scott J., Trubek D.M. Mind the gap: law and new approaches to governance in the European Union. Eur. Law J. 2002, 8(1):1-18.
75. Steyaert P., Ollivier G. The European Water Framework Directive: how ecological assumptions frame technical and social change. Ecol. Soc. 2007, 12(1):25. [online].
76. Stoddard J.L., Larsen D.P., Hawkins C.P., Johnson R.K., Norris R.H. Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the concept of reference condition. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16(4):1267-1276.
77. Suding K.N., Gross K.L., Houseman G.R. Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2004, 19(1):46-53.
78. Swetnam T.W., Allen C.D., Betancourt J.L. Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage the future. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9(4):1189-1206.
79. Tansley A.G. The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology 1935, 16:284-307.
80. Turnhout E. The effectiveness of boundary objects: the case of ecological indicators. Sci. Public Policy 2009, 36(5):403-412.
81. U.S.House of Representatives Report of the Committee on Public Works, United States House of Representatives, with additional and supplemental views. H.R. 11896 to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 92nd Congress, 2nd session. House Report 92-911 1972, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.
82. Wallin M., Wiederholm T., Johnson R.K. Final Guidance on Establishing Reference Conditions and Ecological Status Class Boundaries for Inland Surface Waters. EU Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the Water Framework Directive 2003.
83. Whittaker R.H. Communities and Ecosystems 1975, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
84. Wright J.F., Furse M.T., Armitage P.D. RIVPACS: a technique for evaluating the biological quality of rivers in the UK. Eur. Water Pollut. Control 1993, (3):15-25.