메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-191

The race to commercialize biotechnology: Molecules, market and the state in Japan and the US

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84909134700     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203642719     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (15)

References (180)
  • 2
    • 84909114534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-Scale Projects See Increased Spending in Japan's Budget
    • March
    • R. Triendl, "Large-Scale Projects See Increased Spending in Japan's Budget," Nature Biotechnology, March 2003, p. 218.
    • (2003) Nature Biotechnology , pp. 218
    • Triendl, R.1
  • 3
    • 0035973618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleged Biotech Espionage Rocks Japan
    • 20 June
    • "Alleged Biotech Espionage Rocks Japan," The Lancet, 20 June 2001, vol. 357, p. 2111.
    • (2001) The Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 2111
  • 4
    • 84909138755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idenshi supai jiken de shintenkai
    • "Idenshi supai jiken de shintenkai" [New Developments in Gene Spy Case], Nikkei Baiobijinesu, January 2003, p. 23
    • (2003) Nikkei Baiobijinesu, January , pp. 23
  • 5
    • 0035902147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Espionage Charges Threaten to Undermine Research Relations
    • 17 May
    • "Espionage Charges Threaten to Undermine Research Relations," Nature, 17 May 2001, pp. 225-6.
    • (2001) Nature , pp. 225-226
  • 6
    • 0037182923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientists Jailed for Alleged Theft from Harvard Laboratory
    • 27 June
    • "Scientists Jailed for Alleged Theft from Harvard Laboratory," Nature, 27 June 2002, p. 886.
    • (2002) Nature , pp. 886
  • 7
    • 84909138754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Tokkyo arasoi' no kanetsu ga haikei ni
    • 19 July
    • "'Tokkyo arasoi' no kanetsu ga haikei ni" [Overheating of Patent Wars in the Background], Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 19 July 2002.
    • (2002) Nihon Keizai Shimbun
  • 8
    • 84909138753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shinyaku supai, bei piripiri
    • 21 June
    • "Shinyaku supai, bei piripiri" [America Stung by New Drug Spy], Yomiuri Shimbun, 21 June 2002
    • (2002) Yomiuri Shimbun
  • 9
    • 84909138752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chiteki zaisan hogo: Nihon okureru hoseibi
    • 21 June
    • "Chiteki zaisan hogo: Nihon okureru hoseibi" [Protecting Intellectual Property: Japan Lags in Revising Law], Yomiuri Shimbun, 21 June 2002.
    • (2002) Yomiuri Shimbun
  • 10
    • 84909138751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the Human Genome: Patent Setbacks Hamper Japan in Life Sciences
    • 7 August
    • "Mapping the Human Genome: Patent Setbacks Hamper Japan in Life Sciences," Daily Yomiuri, 7 August 2000, p. 1.
    • (2000) Daily Yomiuri , pp. 1
  • 12
    • 84909138750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keizai sangyosho, Seibutsu kagaku sangyoka, Baiotekunoroji-senryaku taiko no torimatome ni tsuite
    • April (accessed 26 April 2003).
    • "Keizai sangyosho, Seibutsu kagaku sangyoka, Baiotekunoroji-senryaku taiko no torimatome ni tsuite" [Regarding the Outline on Biotechnology Strategy], April 2003, p. 8, online, available HTTP: (accessed 26 April 2003).
    • (2003) , pp. 8
  • 13
    • 84909025825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Biotechnology at a Glance
    • (accessed 16 May 2003).
    • Ernst & Young, "Global Biotechnology at a Glance," online, available HTTP: (accessed 16 May 2003).
    • Ernst1    Young2
  • 14
    • 0004450208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional Adaptiveness, Technology Policy, and the Diffusion of New Business Models: The Case of German Biotechnology,
    • S. Casper, "Institutional Adaptiveness, Technology Policy, and the Diffusion of New Business Models: The Case of German Biotechnology," Organization Studies, 2000, vol. 21, 887-914
    • (2000) Organization Studies , vol.21 , pp. 887-914
    • Casper, S.1
  • 18
    • 0012412085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dynamics of Technological Innovation: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry,
    • B. Achilladelis and N. Antonakis, "The Dynamics of Technological Innovation: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry," Research Policy, 2001, vol. 30, 535-88
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , pp. 535-588
    • Achilladelis, B.1    Antonakis, N.2
  • 20
    • 0002618577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework,
    • L.H. Lynn, N.M. Reddy, and J.D. Aram, "Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework," Research Policy, 1996, vol. 25, 91-106
    • (1996) Research Policy , vol.25 , pp. 91-106
    • Lynn, L.H.1    Reddy, N.M.2    Aram, J.D.3
  • 22
    • 0032385358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries,
    • W. Powell, "Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries," California Management Review, 1998, vol. 40, 228-40
    • (1998) California Management Review , vol.40 , pp. 228-240
    • Powell, W.1
  • 28
    • 0031496906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Systems of Biotechnology Innovation: Complex Interdependence in the Global System,
    • S. Bartholomew, "National Systems of Biotechnology Innovation: Complex Interdependence in the Global System," Journal of International Business Studies, 1997, vol. 28, 241-66
    • (1997) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.28 , pp. 241-266
    • Bartholomew, S.1
  • 31
    • 0002518581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems of Innovation Approaches-Their Emergence and Character-istics
    • in C. Edquist (ed.) London: Pinter
    • C. Edquist "Systems of Innovation Approaches-Their Emergence and Character-istics," in C. Edquist (ed.) Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions, and Organizations, London: Pinter, 1997
    • (1997) Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations
    • Edquist, C.1
  • 32
    • 6944245129 scopus 로고
    • The 'National System of Innovation' in Historical Perspective,
    • C. Freeman, "The 'National System of Innovation' in Historical Perspective," Cambridge Journal of Economics, 1995, vol. 19, 5-24
    • (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.19 , pp. 5-24
    • Freeman, C.1
  • 33
    • 1142298741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction and Overview,
    • in B. Steil, D.G. Victor, and R.R. Nelson (eds) Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • B. Steil, D.G. Victor, and R.R. Nelson, "Introduction and Overview," in B. Steil, D.G. Victor, and R.R. Nelson (eds) Technological Innovation and Economic Performance, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
    • (2002) Technological Innovation and Economic Performance
    • Steil, B.1    Victor, D.G.2    Nelson, R.R.3
  • 36
    • 0000460035 scopus 로고
    • Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States,
    • E. Mansfield, "Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States," American Economic Review, 1988, vol. 78, 223-8.
    • (1988) American Economic Review , vol.78 , pp. 223-228
    • Mansfield, E.1
  • 37
    • 84968158760 scopus 로고
    • Technological Pioneering and Competitive Advantage: The Birth of the VCR Industry,
    • R. Rosenbloom and M. Cusumano, "Technological Pioneering and Competitive Advantage: The Birth of the VCR Industry," California Management Review, 1987, vol. 4, 51-75.
    • (1987) California Management Review , vol.4 , pp. 51-75
    • Rosenbloom, R.1    Cusumano, M.2
  • 44
    • 84909138749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: A Collection of Technologies
    • (accessed 27 June 2003).
    • "Biotechnology: A Collection of Technologies," Biotechnology Industry Organization, online, available HTTP: (accessed 27 June 2003).
    • Biotechnology Industry Organization
  • 45
    • 0004006491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), ch. 12.
    • M. Morange, A History of Molecular Biology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), ch. 12.
    • (1998) A History of Molecular Biology
    • Morange, M.1
  • 46
    • 0026478842 scopus 로고
    • Vertical Relations between Firms and Industrial Policy,
    • (January)
    • P.A. Geroski, "Vertical Relations between Firms and Industrial Policy," The Economic Journal, 1992, vol. 102 (January), 138-47
    • (1992) The Economic Journal , vol.102 , pp. 138-147
    • Geroski, P.A.1
  • 47
    • 0002753183 scopus 로고
    • Strategies for Capturing the Financial Benefits of Technological Innovation,
    • in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • D. Teece, "Strategies for Capturing the Financial Benefits of Technological Innovation," in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Technology and the Wealth of Nations, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
    • (1992) Technology and the Wealth of Nations
    • Teece, D.1
  • 48
    • 0002628378 scopus 로고
    • Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms in Economics,
    • in K. Arrow and D. Pines (eds) Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
    • B.W. Arthur, "Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms in Economics," in K. Arrow and D. Pines (eds) The Economy as an Evolving Complex System, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1988
    • (1988) The Economy as an Evolving Complex System
    • Arthur, B.W.1
  • 50
    • 85024536192 scopus 로고
    • Clio and the Economics of QWERTY,
    • P.A. David, "Clio and the Economics of QWERTY," American Economic Review, 1985, vol. 76, 332-7.
    • (1985) American Economic Review , vol.76 , pp. 332-337
    • David, P.A.1
  • 54
    • 0010101822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacit Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An Integrated Framework,
    • A. Lam, "Tacit Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An Integrated Framework," Organization Studies, 2000, vol. 21, 487-513.
    • (2000) Organization Studies , vol.21 , pp. 487-513
    • Lam, A.1
  • 55
    • 1842514274 scopus 로고
    • On the Sources and Significances of Interindustry Differences in Technological Opportunities,
    • A.K. Klevorick et al., "On the Sources and Significances of Interindustry Differences in Technological Opportunities," Research Policy, 1995, vol. 24, 185-205.
    • (1995) Research Policy , vol.24 , pp. 185-205
    • Klevorick, A.K.1
  • 56
    • 0017578548 scopus 로고
    • In Search of a Useful Theory of Innovation,
    • R. Nelson and S.Winter, "In Search of a Useful Theory of Innovation," Research Policy, 1977, vol. 6, 36-76.
    • (1977) Research Policy , vol.6 , pp. 36-76
    • Nelson, R.1    Winter, S.2
  • 57
    • 0003061636 scopus 로고
    • The Nature of the Innovative Process
    • in Dosi et al. (eds) London: Pinter
    • G. Dosi, "The Nature of the Innovative Process," in Dosi et al. (eds) Technical Change and Economic Theory, London: Pinter, 1988, p. 224.
    • (1988) Technical Change and Economic Theory , pp. 224
    • Dosi, G.1
  • 58
    • 0022183670 scopus 로고
    • Microelectronics, LongWaves andWorld Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries,
    • C. Perez, "Microelectronics, LongWaves andWorld Structural Change: New Perspectives for Developing Countries," World Development, 1985, vol. 13, 441-63.
    • (1985) World Development , vol.13 , pp. 441-463
    • Perez, C.1
  • 59
    • 0003235578 scopus 로고
    • Technical Innovation in the World Chemical Industry and Changes of Techno-Economic Paradigm,
    • in C. Freeman and L. Soete (eds) London: Pinter
    • C. Freeman, "Technical Innovation in the World Chemical Industry and Changes of Techno-Economic Paradigm," in C. Freeman and L. Soete (eds) New Explorations in the Economics of Technical Change, London: Pinter, 1990.
    • (1990) New Explorations in the Economics of Technical Change
    • Freeman, C.1
  • 60
    • 84976074686 scopus 로고
    • Industrial Governance Structures, Innovation Strategies and the Case of Japan,
    • H. Kitschelt, "Industrial Governance Structures, Innovation Strategies and the Case of Japan," International Organization, 1991, vol. 45, 453-93.
    • (1991) International Organization , vol.45 , pp. 453-493
    • Kitschelt, H.1
  • 61
    • 0002878324 scopus 로고
    • What is Commercial and What is Public about Technology, and What Should Be?
    • in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • R. Nelson, "What is Commercial and What is Public about Technology, and What Should Be?" in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Technology and the Wealth of Nations, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
    • (1992) Technology and the Wealth of Nations
    • Nelson, R.1
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0003846462 scopus 로고
    • Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change,
    • K. Pavitt, "Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change," Research Policy, 1984, vol. 13, 343-73.
    • (1984) Research Policy , vol.13 , pp. 343-373
    • Pavitt, K.1
  • 64
    • 0002618577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework,
    • L.H. Lynn, N.M. Reddy, and J.D. Aram, "Linking Technology and Institutions: The Innovation Community Framework," Research Policy, 1996, vol. 25, 91-106.
    • (1996) Research Policy , vol.25 , pp. 91-106
    • Lynn, L.H.1    Reddy, N.M.2    Aram, J.D.3
  • 65
    • 0002406254 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets
    • in D. Teece (ed.) Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Press
    • S. Winter, "Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets," in D. Teece (ed.) The Competitive Challenge, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Press, 1987, pp. 159-84.
    • (1987) The Competitive Challenge , pp. 159-184
    • Winter, S.1
  • 66
    • 0032385358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries,
    • (Spring)
    • W. Powell, "Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries," California Management Review, 1998, vol. 40 (Spring), 228-40
    • (1998) California Management Review , vol.40 , pp. 228-240
    • Powell, W.1
  • 67
    • 55549093180 scopus 로고
    • External Partnering as a Response to Innovation Barriers and Global Competition in Biotechnology,
    • N. Greis, M. Dibner, and S. Alden, "External Partnering as a Response to Innovation Barriers and Global Competition in Biotechnology," Research Policy, 1995, vol. 24, 608-40.
    • (1995) Research Policy , vol.24 , pp. 608-640
    • Greis, N.1    Dibner, M.2    Alden, S.3
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0001894101 scopus 로고
    • Does Technology Policy Matter?
    • in B. Guile and H. Brooks (eds) Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • H. Ergas, "Does Technology Policy Matter?" in B. Guile and H. Brooks (eds) Technology and Global Industry, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1987
    • (1987) Technology and Global Industry
    • Ergas, H.1
  • 70
    • 0026230035 scopus 로고
    • The Peculiarities of the Americans or Are There National Styles in the Sciences?
    • N. Reingold, "The Peculiarities of the Americans or Are There National Styles in the Sciences?" Science in Context, 1991, vol. 4, 347-66
    • (1991) Science in Context , vol.4 , pp. 347-366
    • Reingold, N.1
  • 71
    • 38249012500 scopus 로고
    • The US National Innovation System: Origins and Prospects for Change,
    • D. Mowery, "The US National Innovation System: Origins and Prospects for Change," Research Policy, 1992, vol. 21, 125-44
    • (1992) Research Policy , vol.21 , pp. 125-144
    • Mowery, D.1
  • 72
    • 0003995557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems of Innovation Approaches - Their Emergence and Characteristics,
    • in C. Edquist (ed.) Institutions and Organizations, London: Pinter
    • C. Edquist, "Systems of Innovation Approaches - Their Emergence and Characteristics," in C. Edquist (ed.) Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations, London: Pinter, 1997
    • (1997) Systems of Innovation: Technologies
    • Edquist, C.1
  • 73
    • 0003597533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Institutional Structuring of Innovation Strategies: Business Systems, Firm Types and Patterns of Technical Change in Different Market Economies,
    • R. Whitley, "The Institutional Structuring of Innovation Strategies: Business Systems, Firm Types and Patterns of Technical Change in Different Market Economies," Organization Studies, 2000, vol. 21, 855-86.
    • (2000) Organization Studies , vol.21 , pp. 855-886
    • Whitley, R.1
  • 80
    • 0347963890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of US Biotechnology Enterprises
    • March
    • L.G. Zucker, M.R. Darby, and M.B. Brewer, "Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of US Biotechnology Enterprises," American Economic Review, March 1998, vol. 88, 290-306.
    • (1998) American Economic Review , vol.88 , pp. 290-306
    • Zucker, L.G.1    Darby, M.R.2    Brewer, M.B.3
  • 81
    • 84909138734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Clusters in the U.S.
    • June (accessed 9 August 2002).
    • J. Cortright and H. Mayer, "Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Clusters in the U.S.," Brookings Institution, June 2002, online, available HTTP: (accessed 9 August 2002).
    • (2002) Brookings Institution
    • Cortright, J.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 83
    • 4143125891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life Sciences: State of the Industry
    • June 2002, Burrill&Company (accessed 4 July 2002).
    • G.S. Burrill, "Life Sciences: State of the Industry," June 2002, Burrill&Company, online, available HTTP: (accessed 4 July 2002).
    • Burrill, G.S.1
  • 84
    • 0032385358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries
    • Spring
    • W.W. Powell, "Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networks in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries," California Management Review, Spring 1998, pp. 228-40.
    • (1998) California Management Review , pp. 228-240
    • Powell, W.W.1
  • 85
    • 33645428377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotech-Pharmaceutical Alliances as a Signal of Asset and Firm Quality
    • NBER Working Paper 9007, National Bureau of Economic Research
    • S. Nicholson, P.M. Danzon, and J. McCullough, "Biotech-Pharmaceutical Alliances as a Signal of Asset and Firm Quality," NBER Working Paper 9007, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Nicholson, S.1    Danzon, P.M.2    McCullough, J.3
  • 86
    • 0040559957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, Oxford University Press
    • M. McKelvey, Evolutionary Innovations, New York, Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 261.
    • (1996) Evolutionary Innovations , pp. 261
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 87
    • 84909138736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heisei 13 nendo baiosangyo sozo kiso chosa hokokusho
    • March 2002 (accessed 16 November 2002).
    • Monbukagakusho, kenkyu shinkokyoku, raifusaiensuka, et al., "Heisei 13 nendo baiosangyo sozo kiso chosa hokokusho" [Report on the Basic Survey of Bioindustry Creation], March 2002, available HTTP: (accessed 16 November 2002).
    • Monbukagakusho, K.S.1    Raifusaiensuka2
  • 88
    • 0004253285 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press, ch. VI.
    • M. Gerlach, Alliance Capitalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, ch. VI.
    • (1992) Alliance Capitalism
    • Gerlach, M.1
  • 89
    • 84909241527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Seimei no seiki' o sasaeru iyakuhin sangyo no kokusai kyosoryoku kyoka ni mukete: Iyakuhin sangyo bijion no gaiyo
    • 30 August
    • Kosei Rodosho, "'Seimei no seiki' o sasaeru iyakuhin sangyo no kokusai kyosoryoku kyoka ni mukete: Iyakuhin sangyo bijion no gaiyo" [Strengthening the International Competitiveness of the Pharmaceutical Industry to Support the Century of Life: Outline of the Vision for the Pharmaceutical Industry], 30 August 2001, p. 5.
    • (2001) , pp. 5
    • Rodosho, K.1
  • 90
    • 84909027395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R&D in Japan's Pharmaceutical Industry
    • in M. Hemmert and C. Oberlander (eds) London and New York: Routledge
    • C. Oberlander, "R&D in Japan's Pharmaceutical Industry," in M. Hemmert and C. Oberlander (eds) Technology and Innovation in Japan, London and New York: Routledge, 1998, p. 180.
    • (1998) Technology and Innovation in Japan , pp. 180
    • Oberlander, C.1
  • 91
    • 84968146319 scopus 로고
    • Why the Japanese Don't Export More Pharmaceuticals: Health Policy as Industrial Policy
    • Winter
    • M. Reich, "Why the Japanese Don't Export More Pharmaceuticals: Health Policy as Industrial Policy," California Management Review, Winter 1990, 124-50.
    • (1990) California Management Review , pp. 124-150
    • Reich, M.1
  • 92
    • 0000084779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Revolution in Biotechnology
    • in D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds) New York: Cambridge University Press
    • R. Henderson, L. Orsenigo, and G. Pisano, "The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Revolution in Biotechnology," in D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds) Sources of Industrial Leadership, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 282.
    • (1999) Sources of Industrial Leadership , pp. 282
    • Henderson, R.1    Orsenigo, L.2    Pisano, G.3
  • 93
    • 84908964699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting the Challenge: US Industry Faces the Twenty-first Century-The US Biotechnology Industry
    • July
    • J. Paugh and J.C. Lafrance, "Meeting the Challenge: US Industry Faces the Twenty-first Century-The US Biotechnology Industry," US Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy, July 1997, pp. 68-70.
    • (1997) US Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy , pp. 68-70
    • Paugh, J.1    Lafrance, J.C.2
  • 94
    • 0038095923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology Transfer and CRADAs at the NIH
    • in L. Branscomb and J. Keller (eds) Cambridge: MIT Press
    • D. Guston, "Technology Transfer and CRADAs at the NIH," in L. Branscomb and J. Keller (eds) Investing in Innovation, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, pp. 221-49
    • (1999) Investing in Innovation , pp. 221-249
    • Guston, D.1
  • 95
    • 0034900485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology Transfer: A Review for Biomedical Researchers,
    • April
    • R. Kneller, "Technology Transfer: A Review for Biomedical Researchers," Clinical Cancer Research, 2001, vol. 7, April, pp. 761-74.
    • (2001) Clinical Cancer Research , vol.7 , pp. 761-774
    • Kneller, R.1
  • 97
    • 1842462016 scopus 로고
    • American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry,
    • N. Rosenberg and R. Nelson, "American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry," Research Policy, 1994, vol. 23, 323-48.
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , pp. 323-348
    • Rosenberg, N.1    Nelson, R.2
  • 98
    • 0002270114 scopus 로고
    • Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industry
    • in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, "Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industry," in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Technology and the Wealth of Nations, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, pp. 85-93.
    • (1992) Technology and the Wealth of Nations , pp. 85-93
    • Landau, R.1    Rosenberg, N.2
  • 99
    • 0000114613 scopus 로고
    • The Rise and Fall of American Technological Leadership: The Postwar Era in Historical Perspective
    • December
    • R. Nelson, "The Rise and Fall of American Technological Leadership: The Postwar Era in Historical Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, December 1992, vol. XXX, p. 1951.
    • (1992) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.30 , pp. 1951
    • Nelson, R.1
  • 100
    • 0030058666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between Academic Institutions and Industry in the Life Sciences
    • 8 February
    • D. Blumenthal, N. Causino, E. Campbell, and K.S. Louis, "Relationships between Academic Institutions and Industry in the Life Sciences," The New England Journal of Medicine, 8 February 1996, vol. 334, 368-73.
    • (1996) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.334 , pp. 368-373
    • Blumenthal, D.1    Causino, N.2    Campbell, E.3    Louis, K.S.4
  • 101
    • 0003332120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Increasing Linkage between U.S. Technology and Public Science,
    • F. Narin, K.S. Hamilton, and D. Olivastro, "The Increasing Linkage between U.S. Technology and Public Science," Research Policy, 1997, vol. 26, 317-30
    • (1997) Research Policy , vol.26 , pp. 317-330
    • Narin, F.1    Hamilton, K.S.2    Olivastro, D.3
  • 102
    • 0001292109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Analysis of the Critical Role of Public Science in Innovation: The Case of Biotechnology,
    • G.S. McMillan, F. Narin, and D.L. Deeds, "An Analysis of the Critical Role of Public Science in Innovation: The Case of Biotechnology," Research Policy, 2000, vol. 29, 1-8.
    • (2000) Research Policy , vol.29 , pp. 1-8
    • McMillan, G.S.1    Narin, F.2    Deeds, D.L.3
  • 103
    • 0346657500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by U.S. Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980,
    • D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson, B.N. Sampat, and A.A. Ziedonis, "The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by U.S. Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980," Research Policy, 2001, vol. 30, 99-119.
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , pp. 99-119
    • Mowery, D.C.1    Nelson, R.R.2    Sampat, B.N.3    Ziedonis, A.A.4
  • 104
    • 0029850502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Star Scientists and Institutional Transformation: Patterns of Invention and Innovation in the Formation of the Biotechnology Industry
    • 12 November
    • L.G. Zucker and M.R. Darby, "Star Scientists and Institutional Transformation: Patterns of Invention and Innovation in the Formation of the Biotechnology Industry," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12 November 1996, vol. 93, 12709-16.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.93 , pp. 12709-12716
    • Zucker, L.G.1    Darby, M.R.2
  • 105
    • 84909138734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Clusters in the U.S.
    • June 2002 (accessed 9 August 2002).
    • J. Cortright and H. Mayer, "Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Clusters in the U.S.," Brookings Institution, June 2002, online, available HTTP: (accessed 9 August 2002).
    • Brookings Institution
    • Cortright, J.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 108
    • 18844473817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan's Genome Program Goes Ahead, with Protein Analysis
    • 19 March
    • A. Saegusa, "Japan's Genome Program Goes Ahead, with Protein Analysis," Nature, 19 March 1998, p. 219
    • (1998) Nature , pp. 219
    • Saegusa, A.1
  • 109
    • 0035953554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan Speeds up Mission to Unravel Genetic Diseases
    • 26 April
    • D. Cyranoski, "Japan Speeds up Mission to Unravel Genetic Diseases," Nature, 26 April 2001, p. 1013.
    • (2001) Nature , pp. 1013
    • Cyranoski, D.1
  • 111
    • 0013133343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universities and Technology Transfer in Japan
    • S. Collins and H. Wakoh, "Universities and Technology Transfer in Japan," Journal of Technology Transfer, vol. 25, 2000, 213-22.
    • (2000) Journal of Technology Transfer , vol.25 , pp. 213-222
    • Collins, S.1    Wakoh, H.2
  • 112
    • 0039615686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of the Japanese Higher Education System in Relation to Industry
    • in A. Goto and H. Odagiri (eds) New York: Clarendon Press
    • S. Yamamoto, "The Role of the Japanese Higher Education System in Relation to Industry," in A. Goto and H. Odagiri (eds) Innovation in Japan, New York: Clarendon Press, 1997, pp. 295-301.
    • (1997) Innovation in Japan , pp. 295-301
    • Yamamoto, S.1
  • 115
    • 84909045699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual Property Rights and University-Industry Technology Transfer in Japan
    • in Branscomb and Kodama (eds)
    • R. Kneller, "Intellectual Property Rights and University-Industry Technology Transfer in Japan," in Branscomb and Kodama (eds) Industrializing Knowledge, p. 315.
    • Industrializing Knowledge , pp. 315
    • Kneller, R.1
  • 116
    • 0004113802 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
    • V. Bush, Science: The Endless Frontier, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945, pp. 14-15.
    • (1945) Science: The Endless Frontier , pp. 14-15
    • Bush, V.1
  • 117
    • 84909138731 scopus 로고
    • U.S. National System of Innovation
    • in R. Nelson (ed.) New York: Oxford University Press
    • D. Mowery, "U.S. National System of Innovation," in R. Nelson (ed.) National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 39-52
    • (1992) National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis , pp. 39-52
    • Mowery, D.1
  • 120
    • 84909249249 scopus 로고
    • Protecting Biotechnology's Pioneers
    • Winter
    • Lisa Raines, "Protecting Biotechnology's Pioneers," Issues in Science and Technology, Winter 1991/92, pp. 33-9.
    • (1991) Issues in Science and Technology , pp. 33-39
    • Raines, L.1
  • 121
    • 0026665551 scopus 로고
    • Genome Research: Fulfilling the Public's Expectations for Knowledge and Commercialization
    • 14 August
    • Reid Adler, "Genome Research: Fulfilling the Public's Expectations for Knowledge and Commercialization," Science, 14 August 1992, 908-14
    • (1992) Science , pp. 908-914
    • Adler, R.1
  • 122
    • 0000013307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of Policy Making Processes in Japan's Council for Science and Technology,
    • Y. Tanaka and R. Hirasawa, "Features of Policy Making Processes in Japan's Council for Science and Technology," Research Policy, 1996, vol. 25, 999-1011.
    • (1996) Research Policy , vol.25 , pp. 999-1011
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Hirasawa, R.2
  • 123
    • 0010946326 scopus 로고
    • MITI, MPT, and the Telecom Wars,
    • in C. Johnson et al. (eds) Cambridge: Ballinger
    • C. Johnson, "MITI, MPT, and the Telecom Wars," in C. Johnson et al. (eds) Politics and Productivity, Cambridge: Ballinger, 1989.
    • (1989) Politics and Productivity
    • Johnson, C.1
  • 124
    • 84909215745 scopus 로고
    • Collision of Interests: The Role of the Ruling Party in Science and Technology Policy,
    • J. Lewis, "Collision of Interests: The Role of the Ruling Party in Science and Technology Policy," Japan Forum, 1994, vol. 6, 62-72.
    • (1994) Japan Forum , vol.6 , pp. 62-72
    • Lewis, J.1
  • 125
    • 84909331572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Radical Restructuring of Japan's Postwar Science and Technology Policy and Institutions: The Politics and Rationality of the New Century
    • NSF Report Memorandum #00-08, 15 May 2000 (accessed 3 June 2003).
    • Y.S. Lee, K. Kitazawa, and S. Nakayama, "A Radical Restructuring of Japan's Postwar Science and Technology Policy and Institutions: The Politics and Rationality of the New Century," NSF Report Memorandum #00-08, 15 May 2000, online, available HTTP: (accessed 3 June 2003).
    • Lee, Y.S.1    Kitazawa, K.2    Nakayama, S.3
  • 126
    • 0141813447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry
    • in R. Landau B. Achilladelis, and A. Scriabine (eds) Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press, ch. 1.
    • B. Achilladelis, "Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry," in R. Landau, B. Achilladelis, and A. Scriabine (eds) Pharmaceutical Innovation, Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press, 1999, ch. 1.
    • (1999) Pharmaceutical Innovation
    • Achilladelis, B.1
  • 127
    • 0001501755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics, Invention and Innovation,
    • W. Kingston, "Antibiotics, Invention and Innovation," Research Policy, 2000, vol. 29, 679-710.
    • (2000) Research Policy , vol.29 , pp. 679-710
    • Kingston, W.1
  • 129
  • 134
    • 0004541884 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • S. Wright, Molecular Politics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 24.
    • (1994) Molecular Politics , pp. 24
    • Wright, S.1
  • 137
    • 0040250593 scopus 로고
    • A History of the Science and Technology Behind Gene Mapping and Sequencing,
    • in D.J. Kevles and L. Hood (eds) Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • H.F. Judson, "A History of the Science and Technology Behind Gene Mapping and Sequencing," in D.J. Kevles and L. Hood (eds) The Code of Codes, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992
    • (1992) The Code of Codes
    • Judson, H.F.1
  • 138
    • 0002263092 scopus 로고
    • San Francisco: Freeman Press
    • J. Watson, The DNA Story, San Francisco: Freeman Press, 1981
    • (1981) The DNA Story
    • Watson, J.1
  • 140
    • 84908946046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A History of the Science and Technology Behind Gene Mapping and Sequencing
    • H.F. Judson, "A History of the Science and Technology Behind Gene Mapping and Sequencing," pp. 65-78.
    • Judson, H.F.1
  • 143
    • 17644373510 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: Issue Development and Evolution
    • in D.J. Webber (ed.) New York: Greenwood Press
    • L.C. Plein, "Biotechnology: Issue Development and Evolution," in D.J. Webber (ed.) Biotechnology: Assessing Social Impacts and Policy Implications, New York: Greenwood Press, 1990, pp. 148-55.
    • (1990) Biotechnology: Assessing Social Impacts and Policy Implications , pp. 148-155
    • Plein, L.C.1
  • 145
    • 84909138729 scopus 로고
    • Genetic Engineering and Related Biotechnologies: Scientific Progress and Public Policy
    • in J. Perpich (ed.) New York: Pergamon
    • J. Perpich, "Genetic Engineering and Related Biotechnologies: Scientific Progress and Public Policy," in J. Perpich (ed.) Biotechnology in Society, New York: Pergamon, 1986, pp. 90-2
    • (1986) Biotechnology in Society , pp. 90-92
    • Perpich, J.1
  • 147
    • 0034160559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varieties of Secrets and Secret Varieties: The Case of Biotechnology,
    • S. Wright and D.A. Wallace, "Varieties of Secrets and Secret Varieties: The Case of Biotechnology," Politics and the Life Sciences, 2000, vol. 19, 45-57.
    • (2000) Politics and the Life Sciences , vol.19 , pp. 45-57
    • Wright, S.1    Wallace, D.A.2
  • 150
    • 84909138728 scopus 로고
    • The U.S. National Innovation System
    • in R. Nelson (ed.) New York: Oxford University Press
    • D. Mowery, "The U.S. National Innovation System," in R. Nelson (ed.) National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 53-4.
    • (1992) National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Analysis , pp. 53-54
    • Mowery, D.1
  • 151
    • 0002270114 scopus 로고
    • Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries
    • in N. Rosenberg R. Landau, and D. Mowery (eds) Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, "Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries," in N. Rosenberg, R. Landau, and D. Mowery (eds) Technology and the Wealth of Nations, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, pp. 73-117.
    • (1992) Technology and the Wealth of Nations , pp. 73-117
    • Landau, R.1    Rosenberg, N.2
  • 153
    • 0023451014 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology and the Regulatory Hydra
    • November/December
    • P. Huber, "Biotechnology and the Regulatory Hydra," Technology Review, November/December 1987, pp. 57-65.
    • (1987) Technology Review , pp. 57-65
    • Huber, P.1
  • 154
    • 0024145715 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology in Agriculture and America's Competitiveness,
    • Tom Harkin, "Biotechnology in Agriculture and America's Competitiveness," Policy Studies Journal, 1988, vol. 17, 68-72.
    • (1988) Policy Studies Journal , vol.17 , pp. 68-72
    • Harkin, T.1
  • 156
    • 84909138717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotech Patenting 101
    • (accessed 19 June 2003).
    • W. Kaplan, "Biotech Patenting 101," Council for Responsible Genetics, online, available HTTP: (accessed 19 June 2003).
    • Council for Responsible Genetics
    • Kaplan, W.1
  • 157
    • 0009744812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: The Free Press
    • K. Davies, Cracking the Genome, New York: The Free Press, 2001, p. 66.
    • (2001) Cracking the Genome , pp. 66
    • Davies, K.1
  • 159
    • 84909082617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juzogyo
    • in S. Nishikawa, K. Odaka, and O. Saito (eds) Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsha
    • M. Tanimoto, "Juzogyo" [Brewing], in S. Nishikawa, K. Odaka, and O. Saito (eds) Nihon keizai no 200 nen [200 Years of Japan's Economy], Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsha, 1996, p. 255
    • (1996) Nihon keizai no 200 nen [200 Years of Japan's Economy] , pp. 255
    • Tanimoto, M.1
  • 163
    • 84909441435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology in Japan
    • April-June 1985, Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Far East
    • H. Lewis, "Biotechnology in Japan," Scientific Bulletin, April-June 1985, Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Far East, p. 13.
    • Scientific Bulletin , pp. 13
    • Lewis, H.1
  • 164
    • 84909189978 scopus 로고
    • Biotech Unbound
    • September
    • H. Katayama, "Biotech Unbound," Business Tokyo, September 1991, p. 23.
    • (1991) Business Tokyo , pp. 23
    • Katayama, H.1
  • 167
    • 84909138713 scopus 로고
    • Kogyo bunya ni okeru baio no oyo: biaoriakutaa o chushin toshite
    • March-April
    • K. Yoshitaro, "Kogyo bunya ni okeru baio no oyo: biaoriakutaa o chushin toshite" [Biotechnology Applications in Manufacturing: Focus on Bioreactors], Purometiusu, March-April 1987, pp. 40-3.
    • (1987) Purometiusu , pp. 40-43
    • Yoshitaro, K.1
  • 175
    • 0002540905 scopus 로고
    • Inter-firm Technological Collaboration: The Case of Japanese Biotechnology,
    • Edward Roberts and Ryosuke Mizouchi, "Inter-firm Technological Collaboration: The Case of Japanese Biotechnology," International Journal of Technology Management, 1989, vol. 4, 43-61.
    • (1989) International Journal of Technology Management , vol.4 , pp. 43-61
    • Roberts, E.1    Mizouchi, R.2
  • 176
    • 0010946326 scopus 로고
    • MPT, MITI and the Telecom Wars,
    • in C. Johnson, L. Tyson, and J. Zysman (eds) Cambridge: Ballinger
    • Chalmers Johnson, "MPT, MITI and the Telecom Wars," in C. Johnson, L. Tyson, and J. Zysman (eds) Politics and Productivity: The Real Story of Why Japan Works, Cambridge: Ballinger, 1989.
    • (1989) Politics and Productivity: The Real Story of Why Japan Works
    • Johnson, C.1
  • 178
    • 0002270114 scopus 로고
    • Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries,
    • in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, "Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries," in N. Rosenberg et al. (eds) Technology and the Wealth of Nations, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
    • (1992) Technology and the Wealth of Nations
    • Landau, R.1    Rosenberg, N.2
  • 180
    • 0002923888 scopus 로고
    • Technology Fusion and the New R&D
    • July-August
    • F. Kodama, "Technology Fusion and the New R&D," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1992, pp. 70-8.
    • (1992) Harvard Business Review , pp. 70-78
    • Kodama, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.