메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1087-1095

Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in mild cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial

Author keywords

Behavior; EGb 761 ; Executive function; Ginkgo biloba; Mild cognitive impairment; Neuropsychiatric symptoms

Indexed keywords

GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT 761; PLANT EXTRACT;

EID: 84908703828     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: 10991166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gps.4103     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (85)

References (55)
  • 3
    • 79961141642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Findings from a randomized controlled trial
    • Bachinskaya N, Hoerr R, Ihl R. 2011. Alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Findings from a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 7: 209-215.
    • (2011) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat , vol.7 , pp. 209-215
    • Bachinskaya, N.1    Hoerr, R.2    Ihl, R.3
  • 4
    • 34250323065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline
    • Blacker D, Lee H, Muzikansky A, et al. 2007. Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline. Arch Neurol 64: 862-871.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 862-871
    • Blacker, D.1    Lee, H.2    Muzikansky, A.3
  • 5
    • 79958054907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional impairment in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease
    • for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
    • Brown PJ, Devenand DP, Liu X, Caccappolo E, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. 2011. Functional impairment in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68: 617-626.
    • (2011) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 617-626
    • Brown, P.J.1    Devenand, D.P.2    Liu, X.3    Caccappolo, E.4
  • 6
    • 0037329371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: The Memory and Medical Care Study
    • Chan DC, Kasper JD, Black BS, Rabins PV. 2003. Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: The Memory and Medical Care Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18: 174-182.
    • (2003) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 174-182
    • Chan, D.C.1    Kasper, J.D.2    Black, B.S.3    Rabins, P.V.4
  • 7
    • 0035849490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory decline in healthy older people. Implications for identifying mild cognitive impairment
    • Collie A, Maruff P, Shafiq-Antonacci R, et al. 2001. Memory decline in healthy older people. Implications for identifying mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 56: 1533-1538.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Collie, A.1    Maruff, P.2    Shafiq-Antonacci, R.3
  • 8
    • 0030958347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Assessing psychopathology in dementia patients
    • Cummings JL. 1997. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Assessing psychopathology in dementia patients. Neurology 48(Suppl 6): S10-S16.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. S10-S16
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 9
    • 77952431114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment subtypes
    • Di Iulio F, Palmer K, Blundo C, et al. 2010. Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Int Psychogeriatr 22: 629-640.
    • (2010) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.22 , pp. 629-640
    • Di Iulio, F.1    Palmer, K.2    Blundo, C.3
  • 10
    • 0029058370 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in the nondemented elderly. Results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • Ebly EM, Hogan DB, Parhad IM. 1995. Cognitive impairment in the nondemented elderly. Results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Arch Neurol 52: 612-619.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 612-619
    • Ebly, E.M.1    Hogan, D.B.2    Parhad, I.M.3
  • 11
    • 0034084815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease. A 22-year prospective study of the Framingham cohort
    • Elias MF, Beiser A, Wolf PA, et al. 2000. The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease. A 22-year prospective study of the Framingham cohort. Arch Neurol 57: 808-813.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 808-813
    • Elias, M.F.1    Beiser, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3
  • 13
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. 1975. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12: 189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 14
    • 0037238490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric symptoms/syndromes in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment. Data from a cross-sectional study
    • Forsell Y, Palmer K, Fratiglioni L. 2003. Psychiatric symptoms/syndromes in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment. Data from a cross-sectional study. Acta Neurol Scand 107(Suppl 179): 25-28.
    • (2003) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.107 , pp. 25-28
    • Forsell, Y.1    Palmer, K.2    Fratiglioni, L.3
  • 15
    • 39549089298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment with predictors of rapid decline. [Leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung mit Vorzeichen rascher Verschlechterung
    • Förstl H, Bickel H, Frölich L, et al. 2008. Mild cognitive impairment with predictors of rapid decline. [Leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung mit Vorzeichen rascher Verschlechterung]. Dtsch Med Wochenschrift 133: 431-436.
    • (2008) Dtsch Med Wochenschrift , vol.133 , pp. 431-436
    • Förstl, H.1    Bickel, H.2    Frölich, L.3
  • 16
    • 46649116313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of neuropsychological impairment in MCI patients with small subcortical infarcts or hippocampal atrophy
    • Gainotti G, Ferraccioli M, Vita MG, Marra C. 2008. Patterns of neuropsychological impairment in MCI patients with small subcortical infarcts or hippocampal atrophy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 14: 611-619.
    • (2008) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.14 , pp. 611-619
    • Gainotti, G.1    Ferraccioli, M.2    Vita, M.G.3    Marra, C.4
  • 17
    • 78651436779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety and behavioural disturbance as markers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment
    • Gallagher D, Coen R, Kilroy D, et al. 2011. Anxiety and behavioural disturbance as markers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26: 166-172.
    • (2011) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 166-172
    • Gallagher, D.1    Coen, R.2    Kilroy, D.3
  • 18
    • 53849148954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging
    • Geda YE, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, et al. 2008. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65: 1193-1198.
    • (2008) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Geda, Y.E.1    Roberts, R.O.2    Knopman, D.S.3
  • 19
    • 84872214916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® in very mild cognitive impairment (vMCI)
    • Grass-Kapanke B, Busmane A, Lasmanis A, Hoerr R, Kaschel R. 2011. Effects of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® in very mild cognitive impairment (vMCI). Neurosci Med 2: 48-56.
    • (2011) Neurosci Med , vol.2 , pp. 48-56
    • Grass-Kapanke, B.1    Busmane, A.2    Lasmanis, A.3    Hoerr, R.4    Kaschel, R.5
  • 20
    • 39549112686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    • Grober E, Hall CB, Lipton RB, et al. 2008. Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 14: 166-278.
    • (2008) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.14 , pp. 166-278
    • Grober, E.1    Hall, C.B.2    Lipton, R.B.3
  • 21
    • 84861223275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg
    • Herrschaft H, Nacu A, Likhachev S, et al. 2012. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 240 mg. J Psychiatr Res 46: 716-723.
    • (2012) J Psychiatr Res , vol.46 , pp. 716-723
    • Herrschaft, H.1    Nacu, A.2    Likhachev, S.3
  • 22
    • 0028869214 scopus 로고
    • CAMCOG-A concise neuropsychological test to assist dementia diagnosis: Sociodemographic determinants in an elderly population sample
    • Huppert FA, Brayne C, Gill C, Paykel ES, Beardsall L. 1995. CAMCOG-A concise neuropsychological test to assist dementia diagnosis: Sociodemographic determinants in an elderly population sample. Br J Clin Psychol 34: 529-541.
    • (1995) Br J Clin Psychol , vol.34 , pp. 529-541
    • Huppert, F.A.1    Brayne, C.2    Gill, C.3    Paykel, E.S.4    Beardsall, L.5
  • 23
    • 84908688228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH: Geneva
    • ICH International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. 1996. Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guideline. ICH: Geneva.
    • (1996) Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guideline
  • 24
    • 80055006038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: A randomized controlled trial
    • Ihl R, Bachinskaya N, Korczyn AD, et al. 2011. Efficacy and safety of a once-daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with neuropsychiatric features: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26: 1186-94.
    • (2011) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 1186-94
    • Ihl, R.1    Bachinskaya, N.2    Korczyn, A.D.3
  • 25
    • 77950562144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment. Effects of severity and temporal association with cognitive impairment
    • Jessen F, Wiese B, Bachmann C, et al. 2010. Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment. Effects of severity and temporal association with cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67: 414-422.
    • (2010) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 414-422
    • Jessen, F.1    Wiese, B.2    Bachmann, C.3
  • 26
    • 0028345244 scopus 로고
    • A short form for the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation
    • Jorm AF. 1994. A short form for the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation. Psychol Med 24: 145-153.
    • (1994) Psychol Med , vol.24 , pp. 145-153
    • Jorm, A.F.1
  • 27
    • 69549117833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba: Specificity of neuropsychological improvement -A selective review in search of differential effects
    • Kaschel R. 2009. Ginkgo biloba: Specificity of neuropsychological improvement -A selective review in search of differential effects. Hum Psychopharmacol 24: 345-370.
    • (2009) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 345-370
    • Kaschel, R.1
  • 28
    • 80255141910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific memory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in middle-Aged healthy volunteers
    • Kaschel R. 2011. Specific memory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in middle-Aged healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine 18: 1202-1207.
    • (2011) Phytomedicine , vol.18 , pp. 1202-1207
    • Kaschel, R.1
  • 29
    • 0037426393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual memory predicts Alzheimer's disease more than a decade before diagnosis
    • Kawas CH, Corrada MM, Brookmeyer R, et al. 2003. Visual memory predicts Alzheimer's disease more than a decade before diagnosis. Neurology 60: 1089-1093.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Kawas, C.H.1    Corrada, M.M.2    Brookmeyer, R.3
  • 30
    • 0037180462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort
    • Larrieu S, Letenneur L, Orgogozo JM, et al. 2002. Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology 59: 1594-1599.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1594-1599
    • Larrieu, S.1    Letenneur, L.2    Orgogozo, J.M.3
  • 31
    • 0037174346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment
    • Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, et al. 2002. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. JAMA 288: 1475-1483.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1475-1483
    • Lyketsos, C.G.1    Lopez, O.2    Jones, B.3
  • 32
    • 0032709113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of behavioural responses to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer disease
    • Mega MS, Masterman DM, O'Connor SM, Barclay TR, Cummings JL. 1999. The spectrum of behavioural responses to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 56: 1388-1393.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 1388-1393
    • Mega, M.S.1    Masterman, D.M.2    O'Connor, S.M.3    Barclay, T.R.4    Cummings, J.L.5
  • 33
    • 0035099984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease
    • Morris JC, Storandt M, Miller P, et al. 2001. Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 58: 397-405.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 397-405
    • Morris, J.C.1    Storandt, M.2    Miller, P.3
  • 34
    • 84863895230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on neuroplasticity
    • Müller WE, Heiser J, Leuner K. 2012. Effects of the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on neuroplasticity. Int Psychogeriatr 24(Suppl 1): S21-S24.
    • (2012) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.24 , pp. S21-S24
    • Müller, W.E.1    Heiser, J.2    Leuner, K.3
  • 35
    • 84873453855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and related caregiver distress: Effect of treatment by a once-daily formulation of Gingko biloba extract EGb 761
    • Nacu A, Hoerr R, Herrschaft H. 2011. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and related caregiver distress: Effect of treatment by a once-daily formulation of Gingko biloba extract EGb 761. Alzheimers Dement 7(Suppl 1): S782.
    • (2011) Alzheimers Dement , vol.7 , pp. S782
    • Nacu, A.1    Hoerr, R.2    Herrschaft, H.3
  • 36
    • 33846820304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial
    • for the GINDEM-NP Study Group
    • Napryeyenko O, Borzenko I, for the GINDEM-NP Study Group. 2007. Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 56: 4-11.
    • (2007) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.56 , pp. 4-11
    • Napryeyenko, O.1    Borzenko, I.2
  • 37
    • 0000238671 scopus 로고
    • 028 CGI. Clinical global impressions
    • NIMH National Institute of Mental Health, rev. ed, Guy W (ed). NIMH: Rockville
    • NIMH National Institute of Mental Health. 1976. 028 CGI. Clinical Global Impressions. In ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, rev. ed, Guy W (ed). NIMH: Rockville; 218-222.
    • (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology , pp. 218-222
  • 38
    • 34248185078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
    • Palmer K, Berger AK, Monastero R, et al. 2007. Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 69: 1596-1602.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1596-1602
    • Palmer, K.1    Berger, A.K.2    Monastero, R.3
  • 39
    • 0032988610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment. Clinical characterisation and outcome
    • Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, et al. 1999. Mild cognitive impairment. Clinical characterisation and outcome. Arch Neurol 56: 303-308.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 303-308
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Smith, G.E.2    Waring, S.C.3
  • 40
    • 84875937818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety is related to Alzheimer cerebrospinal fluid markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    • Ramakers IHGB, Verhey FRJ, Scheltens P, et al. 2013. Anxiety is related to Alzheimer cerebrospinal fluid markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Psychol Med 43: 911-920.
    • (2013) Psychol Med , vol.43 , pp. 911-920
    • Ihgb, R.1    Verhey, F.R.J.2    Scheltens, P.3
  • 41
    • 0000119553 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage
    • Reitan RM. 1958. Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 8: 271-276.
    • (1958) Percept Mot Skills , vol.8 , pp. 271-276
    • Reitan, R.M.1
  • 42
    • 33750725427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease: A one-year follow-up study
    • Robert PH, Berr C, Volteau M, et al. 2006. Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease: A one-year follow-up study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 108: 733-736.
    • (2006) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.108 , pp. 733-736
    • Robert, P.H.1    Berr, C.2    Volteau, M.3
  • 43
    • 34548387614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: Findings from a randomised controlled trial
    • Scripnikov A, Khomenko A, Napryeyenko O, GINDEM-NP Study Group. 2007. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: Findings from a randomised controlled trial. Wien Med Wochenschr 157: 295-300.
    • (2007) Wien Med Wochenschr , vol.157 , pp. 295-300
    • Scripnikov, A.1    Khomenko, A.2    Napryeyenko, O.3
  • 44
    • 0022826675 scopus 로고
    • Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version
    • Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. 1986. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol 5: 165-173.
    • (1986) Clin Gerontol , vol.5 , pp. 165-173
    • Sheikh, J.I.1    Yesavage, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 0036045136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is mild cognitive impairment bridging the gap between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease?
    • Smith G. 2002. Is mild cognitive impairment bridging the gap between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease? J Neural Transm 62(Suppl): 97-104.
    • (2002) J Neural Transm , vol.62 , pp. 97-104
    • Smith, G.1
  • 47
    • 34547824397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGb 761® enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Tchantchou F, Xu Y, Wu Y, Christen Y, Luo Y. 2007. EGb 761® enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 21: 2400-2408.
    • (2007) FASEB J , vol.21 , pp. 2400-2408
    • Tchantchou, F.1    Xu, Y.2    Wu, Y.3    Christen, Y.4    Luo, Y.5
  • 48
    • 34748837914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
    • Teng E, Lu PH, Cummings JL. 2007. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24: 253-259.
    • (2007) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.24 , pp. 253-259
    • Teng, E.1    Lu, P.H.2    Cummings, J.L.3
  • 49
    • 77950278582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: Systematic review and meta-Analysis
    • Art 14
    • Weinmann S, Roll S, Schwarzbach C, Vauth C, Willich SN. 2010. Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: Systematic review and meta-Analysis. BMC Geriatr 10: Art 14.
    • (2010) BMC Geriatr , vol.10
    • Weinmann, S.1    Roll, S.2    Schwarzbach, C.3    Vauth, C.4    Willich, S.N.5
  • 50
    • 77954637784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease
    • Wilson RS, Hoganson GM, Rajan KB, et al. 2010. Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease. Neurology 75: 21-26.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 21-26
    • Wilson, R.S.1    Hoganson, G.M.2    Rajan, K.B.3
  • 51
    • 4544350756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment
    • Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al. 2004. Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med 256: 240-246.
    • (2004) J Intern Med , vol.256 , pp. 240-246
    • Winblad, B.1    Palmer, K.2    Kivipelto, M.3
  • 52
    • 33846866063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Woelk H, Arnoldt KH, Kieser M, Hoerr R. 2007. Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 41: 472-480.
    • (2007) J Psychiatr Res , vol.41 , pp. 472-480
    • Woelk, H.1    Arnoldt, K.H.2    Kieser, M.3    Hoerr, R.4
  • 53
    • 0031593590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
    • Wolf H, Grunwald M, Ecke GM, et al. 1998. The prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Neural Transm 54(Suppl): 31-50.
    • (1998) J Neural Transm , vol.54 , pp. 31-50
    • Wolf, H.1    Grunwald, M.2    Ecke, G.M.3
  • 54
    • 0020286558 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report
    • Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. 1983. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17: 37-49.
    • (1983) J Psychiatr Res , vol.17 , pp. 37-49
    • Yesavage, J.A.1    Brink, T.L.2    Rose, T.L.3
  • 55
    • 0036308966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
    • Zaudig M. 2002. Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Curr Opin Psychiatry 15: 387-393.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 387-393
    • Zaudig, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.