Brain resuscitation and prognosis after cardiac arrest

Critical Care Clinics

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 765-783

  Koenig, Matthew A ^a  

^a QUEEN S MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiac arrest; Coma; Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; Induced hypothermia; Prognostication

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGRAPHY; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRAIN INJURY; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEART ARREST; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; LUNG VENTILATION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROMONITORING; OXYGENATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PROGNOSIS; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SHIVERING; ADULT; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGED; BRAIN INJURIES; COMA; COMPLICATION; FEMALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BRAIN INJURIES; CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION; COMA; FEMALE; HEART ARREST; HUMANS; HYPOTHERMIA, INDUCED; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PROGNOSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84908046595     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: 15578232     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2014.06.007     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Go A.S., Mozaffarian D., Roger V.L., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2013 update, a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013, 127:6-245.
2. Arawwawala D., Brett S.J. Clinical review: beyond immediate survival from resuscitation - long-term outcome considerations after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2007, 11:235-252.
3. Chalkias A., Xanthos T. Post-cardiac arrest brain injury: pathophysiology and treatment. JNeurol Sci 2012, 315:1-8.
4. Hinduja A., Gupta H., Yang J.D., et al. Hypoxic ischemic brain injury following in hospital cardiac arrest - lessons from autopsy. JForensic Leg Med 2014, 23:84-86.
5. Fujioka M., Okuchi K., Sakaki T., et al. Specific changes in human brain following reperfusion after cardiac arrest. Stroke 1994, 25:2091-2095.
6. Nolan J.P., Neumar R.W., Adrie C., et al. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. Resuscitation 2008, 79:350-379.
7. Horstmann A., Frisch S., Jentzsch R.T., et al. Resuscitating the heart but losing the brain: brain atrophy in the aftermath of cardiac arrest. Neurology 2010, 74:306-312.
8. Peberdy M.A., Callaway C.W., Neumar R.W., et al. Post-cardiac arrest care: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2010, 122:S768-S786.
9. Larsen J.M., Ravkilde J. Acute coronary angiography in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2012, 83:1427-1433.
10. Sideris G., Voicu S., Yannopoulos D., et al. Favourable 5-year postdischarge survival of comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, managed with immediate coronary angiogram on admission. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2014, 3(2):183-191.
11. Kilgannon J.H., Jones A.E., Shapiro N.I., et al. Association between arterial hyperoxia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest and in-hospital mortality. JAMA 2010, 303:2165-2171.
12. Vaahersalo J., Bendel S., Reinikainen M., et al. Arterial blood gas tensions after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: associations with long-term neurological outcome. Crit Care Med 2014, 42(6):1463-1470.
13. del Castillo J., López-Herce J., Matamoros M., et al. Hyperoxia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia as outcome factors after cardiac arrest in children. Resuscitation 2012, 83:1456-1461.
14. Trzeciak S., Jones A.E., Kilgannon J.H., et al. Significance of arterial hypotension after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:2895-2903.
15. Daviaud F., Dumas F., Demars N., et al. Blood glucose level and outcome after cardiac arrest: insights from a large registry in the hypothermia era. Intensive Care Med 2014, 40(6):855-862.
16. McCullough J.N., Zhang N., Reich D.L., et al. Cerebral metabolic suppression during hypothermic circulatory arrest in humans. Ann Thorac Surg 1999, 67:1895-1899.
17. Laptook A.R., Corbett R.J., Burns D., et al. Neontatal ischemic neuroprotection by modest hypothermia is associated with attenuated brain acidosis. Stroke 1995, 26:1240-1246.
18. Busto R., Globus M.Y., Dietrich W.D., et al. Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain. Stroke 1989, 20:904-910.
19. Globus M.Y., Busto R., Lin B., et al. Detection of free radical activity during transient global ischemia and recirculation: effects of intraischemic brain temperature modulation. JNeurochem 1995, 65:1250-1256.
20. Han H.S., Karabiyikoglu M., Kelly S., et al. Mild hypothermia inhibits nuclear factor-κB translocation in experimental stroke. JCereb Blood Flow Metab 2003, 23:589-598.
21. Kumar K., Evans A.T. Effect of hypothermia on microglial reaction in ischemic brain. Neuroreport 1997, 8:947-950.
22. Greer D.M., Funk S.E., Reavan N.L., et al. Impact of fever on outcome in patients with stroke and neurologic injury: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Stroke 2008, 39:3029-3035.
23. Jia X., Koenig M.A., Venkatraman A., et al. Post-cardiac arrest temperature manipulation alters early EEG bursting in rats. Resuscitation 2008, 78:367-373.
24. Jia X., Koenig M.A., Nickl R., et al. Early electrophysiologic markers predict functional outcome associated with temperature manipulation after cardiac arrest in rats. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:1909-1916.
25. The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. NEngl J Med 2002, 346:549-556.
26. Bernard S.A., Gray T.W., Buist M.D., et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. NEngl J Med 2002, 346:557-563.
27. Don C.W., Longstreth W.T., Maynard C., et al. Active surface cooling protocol to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective before-and-after comparison in a single hospital. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:3062-3069.
28. Arrich J., Holzer M., Havel C., et al. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, (9). CD004128.
29. Nolan J.P., Morley P.T., VandenHoek T.L., et al. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: an advisory statement by the advanced life support task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation 2003, 108:118-121.
30. Nielsen N., Wettersley J., Cronberg T., et al. Targeted temperature management at 33°C versus 36°C after cardiac arrest. NEngl J Med 2013, 369:2197-2206.
31. Leary M., Grossestreuer A.V., Iannacone S., et al. Pyrexia and neurological outcomes after therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2013, 84:1056-1061.
32. Badjatia N., Strongilis E., Gordon E., et al. Metabolic impact of shivering during therapeutic temperature modulation: the bedside shivering assessment scale. Stroke 2008, 39:3242-3247.
33. Choi H.A., Ko S.B., Presciutti M., et al. Prevention of shivering during therapeutic temperature modulation: the Columbia anti-shivering protocol. Neurocrit Care 2011, 14:389-394.
34. Salciccioli J.D., Cocchi M.N., Rittenberger J.C., et al. Continuous neuromuscular blockade is associated with decreased mortality in post-cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 2013, 84:1728-1733.
35. Nair S.U., Lundbye J.B. The occurrence of shivering in cardiac arrest survivors undergoing therapeutic hypothermia is associated with a good neurologic outcome. Resuscitation 2013, 84:626-629.
36. Nordmark J., Rubertsson S., Mörtberg E., et al. Intracerebral monitoring in comatose patients treated with hypothermia after cardiac arrest. ActaAnaesthesiol Scand 2009, 53:289-298.
37. Friedman D., Claassen J., Hirsch L.J. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg 2009, 109:506-523.
38. Scozzafava J., Hussain M.S., Brindley P.G., et al. The role of the standard 20 minute EEG recording in the comatose patient. JClin Neurosci 2010, 17:64-68.
39. Claassen J., Mayer S.A., Kowalski R.G., et al. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 2004, 62:1743-1748.
40. Rittenberger J.C., Popescu A., Brenner R.P., et al. Frequency and timing of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose post-cardiac arrest subjects treated with hypothermia. Neurocrit Care 2012, 16:114-122.
41. Crepeau A.Z., Rabinstein A.A., Fugate J.E., et al. Continuous EEG in therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest, prognostic and clinical value. Neurology 2013, 80:339-344.
42. Alvarez V., Sierra-Marcos A., Oddo M., et al. Yield of intermittent versus continuous EEG in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with hypothermia. Crit Care 2013, 17:R190.
43. Bauer G., Trinka E. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus and coma. Epilepsia 2010, 51:177-190.
44. Ronner H.E., Ponten S.C., Stam C.J., et al. Inter-observer variability of the EEG diagnosis of seizures in comatose patients. Seizure 2009, 18:257-263.
45. Chong D.J., Hirsch L.J. Which EEG patterns warrant treatment in the critically ill? Reviewing the evidence for treatment of periodic epileptiform discharges and related patterns. JClin Neurophysiol 2005, 22:79-91.
46. Seidel S., Aull-Watschinger S., Pataraia E. The yield of routing electroencephalography in the detection of incidental nonconvulsive status epilepticus - a prospective study. Clin Neurophysiol 2012, 123:459-462.
47. Fernandez-Torre J.L., Rebollo M., Gutierrez A., et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults: electroclinical differences between proper and comatose forms. Clin Neurophysiol 2012, 123:244-251.
48. Wijdicks E.F., Hijdra A., Young G.B., et al. Practice parameter: prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an evidence-based review). Neurology 2006, 67:203-210.
49. Cloostermans M.C., van Meulen F.B., Eertman C.J., et al. Continuous electroencephalography monitoring for early prediction of neurological outcome in postanoxic patients after cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care Med 2012, 40:2867-2875.
50. Rossetti A.O., Urbano L.A., Delodder F., et al. Prognostic value of continuous EEG monitoring during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2010, 14:173-181.
51. Gentsch A., Storm C., Leithner C., et al. Outcome prediction after cardiac arrest: a simplified method for determination of gray-white matter ratio in cranial computed tomography. Clin Neuroradiol 2014, [Epub ahead of print].
52. Wijman C.A., Miynash M., Caulfield A.F., et al. Prognostic value of brain diffusion weighted imaging after cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol 2009, 65:394-402.
53. Luyt C.E., Galanaud D., Perlbarg V., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging to predict long-term outcome after cardiac arrest: a bicentric pilot study. Anesthesiology 2012, 117(6):1311-1321.
54. Vanhaudenhuyse A., Noirhomme Q., Tshibanda L.J., et al. Default network connectivity reflects the level of consciousness in non-communicative brain damaged patients. Brain 2010, 133:161-171.
55. Norton L., Hutchison R.M., Young G.B., et al. Disruptions of functional connectivity in the default mode network of comatose patients. Neurology 2012, 78:175-181.
56. Koenig M.A., Holt J.L., Ernst T., et al. MRI default mode connectivity is associated with functional outcome after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neurocrit Care 2014, 20(3):348-357.
57. Rothstein T.L. Therapeutic hypothermia and reliability of somatosensory evoked potentials in predicting outcome after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neurocrit Care 2012, 17:146-149.
58. Kamps M.J., Horn J., Oddo M., et al. Prognostication of neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest patients after mild therapeutic hypothermia: a meta-analysis of the current literature. Intensive Care Med 2013, 39:1671-1682.
59. Oddo M., Rossetti A.O. Predicting neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Crit Care 2011, 17:254-259.
60. Fugate J.E., Wijdicks E.F., White R.D., et al. Does therapeutic hypothermia affect time to awakening in cardiac arrest survivors?. Neurology 2011, 77:1346-1350.
61. Grossestreuer A.V., Abella B.S., Leary M., et al. Time to awakening and neurological outcome in hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 2013, 84:1741-1746.
62. Lucas J.M., Cocchi M.N., Salciccioli J., et al. Neurologic recovery after therapeutic hypothermia in patients with post-cardiac arrest myoclonus. Resuscitation 2012, 83:265-269.