Stem cell-based therapy for treating limbal stem cells deficiency: A review of different strategies

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 188-194

  He, Hong ^a   Yiu, Samuel C ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Limbal autograft; Limbal epithelial stem (LEST); Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD)

Indexed keywords

FIBRIN;

AMNION; ARTICLE; CELL CULTURE; CELL MATURATION; CONJUNCTIVAL LIMBAL AUTOGRAFT; CORNEA DISEASE; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; CORNEAL STEM CELL ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION; CULTURED LIMBAL EPITHELIAL TRANSPLANTATION; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; EX VIVO STUDY; HAIR FOLLICLE; HUMAN; LIMBAL STEM CELL DEFICIENCY; LIMBAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; MOUTH MUCOSA; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SIMPLE LIMBAL EPITHELIAL TRANSPLANTATION; STEM CELL EXPANSION; STEM CELL NICHE; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TOOTH PULP;

EID: 84908022636     PISSN: 13194534     EISSN: 25426680     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2014.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Dua H.S., Azuara-Blanco A. Limbal stem cells of the corneal epithelium. Surv Ophthalmol 2000, 44:415-425.
2. Van Buskirk E.M. The anatomy of the limbus. Eye (Lond) 1989, 3(Pt 2):101-108.
3. Goldberg M.F., Bron A.J. Limbal palisades of Vogt. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1982, 80:155-171.
4. Lagali N., Eden U., Utheim T.P., et al. In vivo morphology of the limbal palisades of Vogt correlates with progressive stem cell deficiency in aniridia-related keratopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013, 54:5333-5342.
5. Townsend W.M. The limbal palisades of Vogt. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1991, 89:721-756.
6. Trosan P., Svobodova E., Chudickova M., et al. The key role of insulin-like growth factor I in limbal stem cell differentiation and the corneal wound-healing process. Stem Cells Dev 2012, 21:3341-3350.
7. Klenkler B., Sheardown H. Growth factors in the anterior segment: role in tissue maintenance, wound healing and ocular pathology. Exp Eye Res 2004, 79:677-688.
8. Mukhopadhyay M., Gorivodsky M., Shtrom S., et al. Dkk2 plays an essential role in the corneal fate of the ocular surface epithelium. Development 2006, 133:2149-2154.
9. Takacs L., Toth E., Losonczy G., et al. Differentially expressed genes associated with human limbal epithelial phenotypes: new molecules that potentially facilitate selection of stem cell-enriched populations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011, 52:1252-1260.
10. Bath C., Muttuvelu D., Emmersen J., et al. Transcriptional dissection of human limbal niche compartments by massive parallel sequencing. PLoS One 2013, 8:e64244.
11. Davanger M., Evensen A. Role of the pericorneal papillary structure in renewal of corneal epithelium. Nature 1971, 229:560-561.
12. Schermer A., Galvin S., Sun T.T. Differentiation-related expression of a major 64K corneal keratin in vivo and in culture suggests limbal location of corneal epithelial stem cells. J Cell Biol 1986, 103:49-62.
13. Cotsarelis G., Cheng S.Z., Dong G., et al. Existence of slow-cycling limbal epithelial basal cells that can be preferentially stimulated to proliferate: implications on epithelial stem cells. Cell 1989, 57:201-209.
14. Lehrer M.S., Sun T.T., Lavker R.M. Strategies of epithelial repair: modulation of stem cell and transit amplifying cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 1998, 111(Pt 19):2867-2875.
15. Dua H.S., Shanmuganathan V.A., Powell-Richards A.O., et al. Limbal epithelial crypts: a novel anatomical structure and a putative limbal stem cell niche. Br J Ophthalmol 2005, 89:529-532.
16. Shanmuganathan V.A., Foster T., Kulkarni B.B., et al. Morphological characteristics of the limbal epithelial crypt. Br J Ophthalmol 2007, 91:514-519.
17. Yeung A.M., Schlotzer-Schrehardt U., Kulkarni B., et al. Limbal epithelial crypt: a model for corneal epithelial maintenance and novel limbal regional variations. Arch Ophthalmol 2008, 126:665-669.
18. Hayashi K., Kenyon K.R. Increased cytochrome oxidase activity in alkali-burned corneas. Curr Eye Res 1988, 7:131-138.
19. Pellegrini G., Dellambra E., Golisano O., et al. P63 identifies keratinocyte stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:3156-3161.
20. Steuhl K.P., Thiel H.J. Histochemical and morphological study of the regenerating corneal epithelium after limbus-to-limbus denudation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1987, 225:53-58.
21. Zieske J.D., Bukusoglu G., Yankauckas M.A., et al. Alpha-enolase is restricted to basal cells of stratified squamous epithelium. Dev Biol 1992, 151:18-26.
22. Zieske J.D., Hutcheon A.E., Guo X., et al. TGF-beta receptor types I and II are differentially expressed during corneal epithelial wound repair. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001, 42:1465-1471.
23. Zieske J.D., Takahashi H., Hutcheon A.E., Dalbone A.C. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor during corneal epithelial migration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000, 41:1346-1355.
24. Arpitha P., Prajna N.V., Srinivasan M., Muthukkaruppan V. High expression of p63 combined with a large N/C ratio defines a subset of human limbal epithelial cells: implications on epithelial stem cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005, 46:3631-3636.
25. Budak M.T., Alpdogan O.S., Zhou M., et al. Ocular surface epithelia contain ABCG2-dependent side population cells exhibiting features associated with stem cells. J Cell Sci 2005, 118:1715-1724.
26. de Paiva C.S., Chen Z., Corrales R.M., et al. ABCG2 transporter identifies a population of clonogenic human limbal epithelial cells. Stem Cells 2005, 23:63-73.
27. Di Iorio E., Barbaro V., Ruzza A., et al. Isoforms of DeltaNp63 and the migration of ocular limbal cells in human corneal regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:9523-9528.
28. Kiritoshi A., SundarRaj N., Thoft R.A. Differentiation in cultured limbal epithelium as defined by keratin expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991, 32:3073-3077.
29. Schlotzer-Schrehardt U., Kruse F.E. Identification and characterization of limbal stem cells. Exp Eye Res 2005, 81:247-264.
30. Watanabe K., Nishida K., Yamato M., et al. Human limbal epithelium contains side population cells expressing the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. FEBS Lett 2004, 565:6-10.
31. Wolosin J.M., Budak M.T., Akinci M.A. Ocular surface epithelial and stem cell development. Int J Dev Biol 2004, 48:981-991.
32. Pellegrini G., Golisano O., Paterna P., et al. Location and clonal analysis of stem cells and their differentiated progeny in the human ocular surface. J Cell Biol 1999, 145:769-782.
33. Thoft R.A., Friend J. The X, Y, Z hypothesis of corneal epithelial maintenance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983, 24:1442-1443.
34. Garcia I., Etxebarria J., Merayo-Lloves J., et al. Novel molecular diagnostic system of limbal stem cell deficiency based on MUC5AC transcript detection in corneal epithelium by PCR-reverse dot blot. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013, 54:5643-5652.
35. Goldberg M.F. In vivo confocal microscopy and diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency. Photographing the palisades of Vogt and limbal stem cells. Am J Ophthalmol 2013, 156:205-206.
36. Nubile M., Lanzini M., Miri A., et al. In vivo confocal microscopy in diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2013, 155:220-232.
37. Kenyon K.R., Tseng S.C. Limbal autograft transplantation for ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmology 1989, 96:709-722. [discussion 22-3].
38. Dogru M., Tsubota K. Survival analysis of conjunctival limbal grafts and amniotic membrane transplantation in eyes with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2005, 140:305-306.
39. Dua H.S., Azuara-Blanco A. Autologous limbal transplantation in patients with unilateral corneal stem cell deficiency. Br J Ophthalmol 2000, 84:273-278.
40. Ivekovic R., Tedeschi-Reiner E., Novak-Laus K., et al. Limbal graft and/or amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of ocular burns. Ophthalmologica 2005, 219:297-302.
41. Kheirkhah A., Raju V.K., Tseng S.C. Minimal conjunctival limbal autograft for total limbal stem cell deficiency. Cornea 2008, 27:730-733.
42. Meallet M.A., Espana E.M., Grueterich M., et al. Amniotic membrane transplantation with conjunctival limbal autograft for total limbal stem cell deficiency. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:1585-1592.
43. Mittal V., Sangwan V.S., Fernandes M., Thomas R. Survival analysis of conjunctival limbal grafts and amniotic membrane transplantation in eyes with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2006, 141:599-600. [author reply].
44. Moldovan S.M., Borderie V., Baudrimont M., Laroche L. Treatment of unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency syndrome by limbal autograft. J Fr Ophtalmol 1999, 22:302-309.
45. Rao S.K., Rajagopal R., Sitalakshmi G., Padmanabhan P. Limbal autografting: comparison of results in the acute and chronic phases of ocular surface burns. Cornea 1999, 18:164-171.
46. Santos M.S., Gomes J.A., Hofling-Lima A.L., et al. Survival analysis of conjunctival limbal grafts and amniotic membrane transplantation in eyes with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2005, 140:223-230.
47. Tseng SCG, EMEaMADP. Stem cell trasplantation for ocular surface diseases. In: Tasman W, Jaeger Edward A, editors. Duane's clinical ophthalmology on CD-ROM, vol. 2. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006 [chapter 34].
48. Pires R.T., Chokshi A., Tseng S.C. Amniotic membrane transplantation or conjunctival limbal autograft for limbal stem cell deficiency induced by 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgeries. Cornea 2000, 19:284-287.
49. Bhalekar S, Basu S, Lal I, Sangwan VS. Successful autologous simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) in previously failed paediatric limbal transplantation for ocular surface burns. BMJ Case Rep 2013;2013.
50. Vazirani J, Basu S, Sangwan V. Successful simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) in lime injury-induced limbal stem cell deficiency with ocular surface granuloma. BMJ Case Rep 2013;2013.
51. Sangwan V.S., Basu S., MacNeil S., Balasubramanian D. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET): a novel surgical technique for the treatment of unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. Br J Ophthalmol 2012, 96:931-934.
52. Huang T., Wang Y., Zhang H., et al. Limbal allografting from living-related donors to treat partial limbal deficiency secondary to ocular chemical burns. Arch Ophthalmol 2011, 129:1267-1273.
53. Lam D.S., Young A.L., Leung A.T., et al. Limbal stem cell allografting from related live donors for corneal surface reconstruction. Ophthalmology 2000, 107:411-412.
54. Rao S.K., Rajagopal R., Sitalakshmi G., Padmanabhan P. Limbal allografting from related live donors for corneal surface reconstruction. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:822-828.
55. Lu R., Bian F., Lin J., et al. Identification of human fibroblast cell lines as a feeder layer for human corneal epithelial regeneration. PLoS One 2012, 7:e38825.
56. Sharma S.M., Fuchsluger T., Ahmad S., et al. Comparative analysis of human-derived feeder layers with 3T3 fibroblasts for the ex vivo expansion of human limbal and oral epithelium. Stem Cell Rev 2012, 8:696-705.
57. Shahdadfar A., Haug K., Pathak M., et al. Ex vivo expanded autologous limbal epithelial cells on amniotic membrane using a culture medium with human serum as single supplement. Exp Eye Res 2012, 97:1-9.
58. Albert R., Vereb Z., Csomos K., et al. Cultivation and characterization of cornea limbal epithelial stem cells on lens capsule in animal material-free medium. PLoS One 2012, 7:e47187.
59. Chakraborty A., Dutta J., Das S., Datta H. Effect of cord blood serum on ex vivo human limbal epithelial cell culture. J Ocul Biol Dis Inform 2012, 5:77-82.
60. Shimazaki J., Aiba M., Goto E., et al. Transplantation of human limbal epithelium cultivated on amniotic membrane for the treatment of severe ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:1285-1290.
61. Han B., Schwab I.R., Madsen T.K., Isseroff R.R. A fibrin-based bioengineered ocular surface with human corneal epithelial stem cells. Cornea 2002, 21:505-510.
62. Rama P., Bonini S., Lambiase A., et al. Autologous fibrin-cultured limbal stem cells permanently restore the corneal surface of patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Transplantation 2001, 72:1478-1485.
63. Talbot M., Carrier P., Giasson C.J., et al. Autologous transplantation of rabbit limbal epithelia cultured on fibrin gels for ocular surface reconstruction. Mol Vis 2006, 12:65-75.
64. Dravida S., Gaddipati S., Griffith M., et al. A biomimetic scaffold for culturing limbal stem cells: a promising alternative for clinical transplantation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008, 2:263-271.
65. McIntosh Ambrose W., Salahuddin A., So S., et al. Collagen Vitrigel membranes for the in vitro reconstruction of separate corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cell layers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009, 90:818-831.
66. Takezawa T., Ozaki K., Nitani A., et al. Collagen vitrigel: a novel scaffold that can facilitate a three-dimensional culture for reconstructing organoids. Cell Transplant 2004, 13:463-473.
67. Borrelli M., Reichl S., Feng Y., et al. In vitro characterization and ex vivo surgical evaluation of human hair keratin films in ocular surface reconstruction after sterilization processing. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013, 24:221-230.
68. Feng Y., Borrelli M., Meyer-Ter-Vehn T., et al. Epithelial wound healing on keratin film, amniotic membrane and polystyrene in vitro. Curr Eye Res 2014, 39:561-570.
69. Reichl S., Borrelli M., Geerling G. Keratin films for ocular surface reconstruction. Biomaterials 2011, 32:3375-3386.
70. Bray L.J., George K.A., Ainscough S.L., et al. Human corneal epithelial equivalents constructed on Bombyx mori silk fibroin membranes. Biomaterials 2011, 32:5086-5091.
71. Grolik M., Szczubialka K., Wowra B., et al. Hydrogel membranes based on genipin-cross-linked chitosan blends for corneal epithelium tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012, 23:1991-2000.
72. Di Girolamo N., Chui J., Wakefield D., Coroneo M.T. Cultured human ocular surface epithelium on therapeutic contact lenses. Br J Ophthalmol 2007, 91:459-464.
73. Zajicova A., Pokorna K., Lencova A., et al. Treatment of ocular surface injuries by limbal and mesenchymal stem cells growing on nanofiber scaffolds. Cell Transplant 2010, 19:1281-1290.
74. Colabelli Gisoldi R.A., Pocobelli A., Villani C.M., et al. Evaluation of molecular markers in corneal regeneration by means of autologous cultures of limbal cells and keratoplasty. Cornea 2010, 29:715-722.
75. Nakamura T., Inatomi T., Sotozono C., et al. Successful primary culture and autologous transplantation of corneal limbal epithelial cells from minimal biopsy for unilateral severe ocular surface disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004, 82:468-471.
76. Pathak M., Cholidis S., Haug K., et al. Clinical transplantation of ex vivo expanded autologous limbal epithelial cells using a culture medium with human serum as single supplement: a retrospective case series. Acta Ophthalmol 2013, 91:769-775.
77. Rama P., Matuska S., Paganoni G., et al. Limbal stem-cell therapy and long-term corneal regeneration. N Engl J Med 2010, 363:147-155.
78. Sangwan V.S., Matalia H.P., Vemuganti G.K., et al. Clinical outcome of autologous cultivated limbal epithelium transplantation. Indian J Ophthalmol 2006, 54:29-34.
79. Tsai R.J., Li L.M., Chen J.K. Reconstruction of damaged corneas by transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial cells. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:86-93.
80. Zakaria N., Possemiers T., Dhubhghaill S.N., et al. Results of a phase I/II clinical trial: standardized, non-xenogenic, cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2014, 12:58.
81. Schwab I.R., Reyes M., Isseroff R.R. Successful transplantation of bioengineered tissue replacements in patients with ocular surface disease(1). Am J Ophthalmol 2000, 130:543-544.
82. Marchini G., Pedrotti E., Pedrotti M., et al. Long-term effectiveness of autologous cultured limbal stem cell grafts in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency due to chemical burns. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012, 40:255-267.
83. Zannettino A.C., Paton S., Arthur A., et al. Multipotential human adipose-derived stromal stem cells exhibit a perivascular phenotype in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2008, 214:413-421.
84. Hoogduijn M.J., Crop M.J., Peeters A.M., et al. Human heart, spleen, and perirenal fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory capacities. Stem Cells Dev 2007, 16:597-604.
85. Zhang Q., Shi S., Liu Y., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingiva are capable of immunomodulatory functions and ameliorate inflammation-related tissue destruction in experimental colitis. J Immunol 2009, 183:7787-7798.
86. Oh W., Kim D.S., Yang Y.S., Lee J.K. Immunological properties of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cell Immunol 2008, 251:116-123.
87. Branch M.J., Hashmani K., Dhillon P., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells in the human corneal limbal stroma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012, 53:5109-5116.
88. Hashmani K., Branch M.J., Sidney L.E., et al. Characterization of corneal stromal stem cells with the potential for epithelial transdifferentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013, 4:75.
89. Holan V., Javorkova E., Trosan P. The growth and delivery of mesenchymal and limbal stem cells using copolymer polyamide 6/12 nanofiber scaffolds. Methods Mol Biol 2013, 1014:187-199.
90. Li G.G., Zhu Y.T., Xie H.T., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human limbal niche cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012, 53:5686-5697.
91. Lim M.N., Hussin N.H., Othman A., et al. Ex vivo expanded SSEA-4+ human limbal stromal cells are multipotent and do not express other embryonic stem cell markers. Mol Vis 2012, 18:1289-1300.
92. Du Y., Roh D.S., Funderburgh M.L., et al. Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate to keratocytes in vitro. Mol Vis 2010, 16:2680-2689.
93. Jia Z., Jiao C., Zhao S., et al. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat corneal allograft rejection model. Exp Eye Res 2012, 102:44-49.
94. Joyce N.C., Harris D.L., Markov V., et al. Potential of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells to heal damaged corneal endothelium. Mol Vis 2012, 18:547-564.
95. Liu H., Zhang J., Liu C.Y., et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate and assume corneal keratocyte phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2012, 16:1114-1124.
96. Nieto-Miguel T., Galindo S., Reinoso R., et al. In vitro simulation of corneal epithelium microenvironment induces a corneal epithelial-like cell phenotype from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells. Curr Eye Res 2013, 38:933-944.
97. Oh J.Y., Lee R.H., Yu J.M., et al. Intravenous mesenchymal stem cells prevented rejection of allogeneic corneal transplants by aborting the early inflammatory response. Mol Ther 2012, 20:2143-2152.
98. Park S.H., Kim K.W., Chun Y.S., Kim J.C. Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into keratocyte-like cells in keratocyte-conditioned medium. Exp Eye Res 2012, 101:16-26.
99. Reza H.M., Ng B.Y., Gimeno F.L., et al. Umbilical cord lining stem cells as a novel and promising source for ocular surface regeneration. Stem Cell Rev 2011, 7:935-947.
100. Rohaina C.M., Then K.Y., Ng A.M., et al. Reconstruction of limbal stem cell deficient corneal surface with induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on amniotic membrane. Transl Res 2014, 163:200-210.
101. Yao L., Li Z.R., Su W.R., et al. Role of mesenchymal stem cells on cornea wound healing induced by acute alkali burn. PLoS One 2012, 7:e30842.
102. Monteiro B.G., Serafim R.C., Melo G.B., et al. Human immature dental pulp stem cells share key characteristic features with limbal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2009, 42:587-594.
103. Gomes J.A., Geraldes Monteiro B., Melo G.B., et al. Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of human immature dental pulp stem cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010, 51:1408-1414.
104. Ahmad S., Stewart R., Yung S., et al. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into corneal epithelial-like cells by in vitro replication of the corneal epithelial stem cell niche. Stem Cells 2007, 25:1145-1155.
105. Chan A.A., Hertsenberg A.J., Funderburgh M.L., et al. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cells with corneal keratocyte phenotype. PLoS One 2013, 8:e56831.
106. Homma R., Yoshikawa H., Takeno M., et al. Induction of epithelial progenitors in vitro from mouse embryonic stem cells and application for reconstruction of damaged cornea in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004, 45:4320-4326.
107. Kumagai Y., Kurokawa M.S., Ueno H., et al. Induction of corneal epithelium-like cells from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells and their experimental transplantation to damaged cornea. Cornea 2010, 29:432-438.
108. Hanson C., Hardarson T., Ellerstrom C., et al. Transplantation of human embryonic stem cells onto a partially wounded human cornea in vitro. Acta Ophthalmol 2013, 91:127-130.
109. Zhang W., Yang W., Liu X., et al. Rapidly constructed scaffold-free embryonic stem cell sheets for ocular surface reconstruction. Scanning 2013.
110. Zhu J., Zhang K., Sun Y., et al. Reconstruction of functional ocular surface by acellular porcine cornea matrix scaffold and limbal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013, 19:2412-2425.
111. Ohyama M. Hair follicle bulge: a fascinating reservoir of epithelial stem cells. J Dermatol Sci 2007, 46:81-89.
112. Ohyama M., Terunuma A., Tock C.L., et al. Characterization and isolation of stem cell-enriched human hair follicle bulge cells. J Clin Invest 2006, 116:249-260.
113. Blazejewska E.A., Schlotzer-Schrehardt U., Zenkel M., et al. Corneal limbal microenvironment can induce transdifferentiation of hair follicle stem cells into corneal epithelial-like cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27:642-652.
114. Meyer-Blazejewska E.A., Call M.K., Yamanaka O., et al. From hair to cornea: toward the therapeutic use of hair follicle-derived stem cells in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Stem Cells 2011, 29:57-66.
115. Nakamura T., Takeda K., Inatomi T., et al. Long-term results of autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in the scar phase of severe ocular surface disorders. Br J Ophthalmol 2011, 95:942-946.
116. Liu J., Sheha H., Fu Y., et al. Oral mucosal graft with amniotic membrane transplantation for total limbal stem cell deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2011, 152(739-47):e1.
117. Burillon C., Huot L., Justin V., et al. Cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) transplantation for the treatment of corneal limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012, 53:1325-1331.