Speciation of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from anthropogenic sources in Beirut, Lebanon

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 21, Issue 18, 2014, Pages 10867-10877

  Salameh, T ^a,b,c   Afif, C ^c   Sauvage, S ^a,b   Borbon, A ^d   Locoge, N ^a,b  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

^b ECOLE DES MINES DE DOUAI   (France)

^c SAINT JOSEPH UNIVERSITY   (Lebanon)

^d LABORATOIRE INTERUNIVERSITAIRE DES SYSTÈMES ATMOSPHÉRIQUES   (France)

Author keywords

Gasoline evaporation; NMHC sources profile; Power generation; Road transport; Solvent use; Urban air pollution

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; EVAPORATION; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; POWER GENERATION; ROAD TRANSPORT; SAMPLING; SOLVENT; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY); URBAN ATMOSPHERE;

BEIRUT; BEYROUTH; LEBANON;

AIR POLLUTANT; EXHAUST GAS; HYDROCARBON; SOLVENT;

AIR POLLUTANT; ANALYSIS; ELECTRIC POWER PLANT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EXHAUST GAS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEBANON; PROCEDURES; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

AIR POLLUTANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLAME IONIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; LEBANON; POWER PLANTS; SOLVENTS; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 84907860879     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: 16147499     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2978-5     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Afif C, Dutot A, Jambert C, Abboud M, Adjizian-Gérard J, Farah W, Perros P, Rizk T (2009) Statistical approach for the characterization of NO2 concentrations in Beirut. Air Qual Atmos Health 2:57–67. doi:10.1007/s11869-009-0034-2
2. Ajjaji R, Al-Katheri A.A., Danhani A (2008) Implementation and preliminary tests of an air quality forecasting system based on WRF-Chem over Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, and United Arab Emirates, Presented at the 8th WRF Users Workshop, Boulder, CO, 2008
3. Al-Momani TM and Al-Nasser AD (2011) Emission rate of gases emitted from private gasoline vehicles in Irbid—Jordan. Jordan J Civ Eng 5: No. 2
4. Araizaga AE, Mancilla Y, Mendoza A (2013) Volatile organic compound emissions from light-duty vehicles in Monterrey, Mexico: a tunnel study. Int J Environ Res 7(2):277–292
5. Badol C, Locoge N, Galloo JC (2008) Using a source-receptor approach to characterise VOC behaviour in a French urban area influenced by industrial emissions: Part II: source contribution assessment using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model. Sci Total Environ 389:429–440
6. Barzyk TM, Ciesielski A, Shores RC, Thoma ED, Seila RL, Isakov V, Baldauf RW (2012) Near-road multipollutant profiles: associations between volatile organic compounds and a tracer gas surrogate near a busy highway. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 62(5):594–603
7. Borbon A, Fontaine H, Locoge N, Veillerot M, Galloo JC (2003a) Developing receptor-oriented methods for non-methane hydrocarbon characterisation in urban air. Part I: source identification. Atmos Environ 37:4051–4064
8. Borbon A, Fontaine H, Locoge N, Veillerot M, Galloo JC (2003b) Developing receptor-oriented methods for non-methane hydrocarbon characterisation in urban air. Part II: source apportionment. Atmos Environ 37:4065–4076
9. Carter WPL (1994) Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 44:881–899
10. Chan TL, Ning Z, Leung CW, Cheung CS, Hung WT, Dong G (2004) On-road remote sensing of petrol vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmos Environ 38:2055–2066
11. D’Angiola A, Von Schneidemesser E, Granier C, Law KS, Monks P (2011) The impact of anthropogenic VOC speciation on the composition of the troposphere. ACCENT-Plus Symposium on Air Quality and Climate Change: Interactions and Feedbacks, Urbino: Italie (2011)
12. Derwent RG, Jenkin ME, Utembe SR, Shallcross DE, Murrells TP, Passant NR (2010) Secondary organic aerosol formation from a large number of reactive man-made organic compounds. Sci Total Environ 408:3374–3381
13. Doskey PV, Fukui Y, Sultan M, Al Maghraby A, Taher A (1999) Source profiles for nonmethane organic compounds in the atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 49(7):814–822
14. Duffy BL, Nelson PF, Ye Y, Weeks IA (1999) Speciated hydrocarbon profiles and calculated reactivities of exhaust and evaporative emissions from 82 in-use light-duty Australian vehicles. Atmos Environ 33:291–307
15. EMEP/EEA (2009) Air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. http://www.eea.europa.eu
16. EPA SPECIATE Data Browser. http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/speciate/
17. Fontaine H, Galloo JC (2002) Volatile organic compound emission factors in the exhaust gases of light duty vehicles: uncertainties, influence of fuel formulation and new data, Technical report, Department of Chemistry and Environment, Ecole des Mines de Douai, Douai, France, Final report PRIMEQUAL-PREDIT 1999, March 2002
18. Frey HC, Unal A, Rouphail NM, Colyar JD (2003) On-road measurement of vehicle tailpipe emissions using a portable instrument. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 53:992–1002
19. Gaimoz C, Sauvage S, Gros V, Herrmann F, Williams J, Locoge N, Perrussel O, Bonsang B, d’Argouges O, Sarda-Esteve R, Sciare J (2011) Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. Environ Chem 8:91–103
20. WHO (World Health Organisation) (2000) Air quality guidelines for Europe, second edition. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91
21. Hoekman SK (1992) Speciated measurements and calculated reactivities of vehicle exhaust emissions from conventional and reformulated gasoline. Environ Sci Technol 26:1206–1216
22. Jobson BT, Berkowitz CM, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Williams EJ, Fesenfeld FC, Appel EC, Karl T, Lonneman WA, Riemer D (2004) Hydrocarbon source signatures in Houston, Texas: influence of the petrochemical industry. J Geophys Res 109, D24305
23. Kanakidou M, Mihalopoulos N, Kindap T, Im U, Vrekoussis M, Gerasopoulos E, Dermitzaki E, Unal A, Koçak M, Markakis K, Melas D, Kouvarakis G, Youssef AF, Richter A, Hatzianastassiou N, Hilboll A, Ebojie F, Wittrock F, Von Savigny C, Burrows JP, Ladstaetter-Weissenmayer A, Moubasher H (2011) Megacities as hot spots of air pollution in the East Mediterranean. Atmos Environ 45:1223–1235
24. Lelieveld J, Hoor P, Jöckel P, Pozzer A, Hadjinicolaou P, Cammas JP, Beirle S (2009) Severe ozone air pollution in the Persian Gulf region. Atmos Chem Phys 9:1393–1406
25. Liu Y, Shao M, Fu L, Lu S, Zeng L, Tang D (2008) Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I. Atmos Environ 42:6247–6260
26. Massoud R, Shihadeh A, Roumié M, Youness M, Gerard J, Saliba N, Zaarour R, Abboud M, Farah W, Saliba NA (2011) Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an Eastern Mediterranean city. Atmos Res 101:893–901
27. MoE (2005) National environmental action plan. Ministry of Environment, Beirut
28. Na K (2006) Determination of VOC source signature of vehicle exhaust in a traffic tunnel. J Environ Manag 81:392–398
29. Na K, Kim YP, Moon I, Moon KC (2004) Chemical composition of major VOC emission sources in the Seoul atmosphere. Chemosphere 55:585–594
30. Passant NR (2002) Speciation of UK emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, AEA Technology, Report No. AEAT/ENV/R/0545 Issue 1
31. Rubin JI, Kean AJ, Harley RA, Millet DB, Goldstein AH (2006) Temperature dependence of volatile organic compound evaporative emissions from motor vehicles. J Geophys Res 111, D03305. doi:10.1029/2005JD006458
32. Sauvage S, Plaisance H, Locoge N, Wroblewski A, Coddeville P, Galloo JC (2009) Long term measurement and source apportionment of non-methane hydrocarbons in three French rural areas. Atmos Environ 43:2430–2441
33. Sawyer RF, Harley RA, Cadle SH, Norbeck JM, Slott R, Bravo HA (2000) Mobile sources critical review: 1998 NARSTO assessment. Atmos Environ 34:2161–2181
34. Scheff PA, Wadden RA (1993) Receptor modeling of volatile organic compounds.1. Emissions inventory and validation. Environ Sci Technol 27(4):617–625
35. Schifter I, Magdaleno M, Díaz L, Krüger B, León J, Palmerín ME, Casas R, Melgarejo A, López-Salinas E (2002) Contribution of the gasoline distribution cycle to volatile organic compound emissions in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 52:535–541
36. Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN (2006). Atmospheric chemistry and physics, from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley & Sons, inc
37. UNFCCC (2011) Second National Communication to the UNFCCC. Ministry of Environment, Beirut
38. Waked A, Afif C (2012) Emissions of air pollutants from road transport in Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East region. Atmos Environ 61:446–452
39. Waked A, Afif C, Seigneur C (2012) An atmospheric emission inventory of anthropogenic and biogenic sources for Lebanon. Atmos Environ 50:88–96
40. Waked A, Seigneur C, Couvidat F, Kim Y, Sartelet K, Afif C, Borbon A, Formenti P, Sauvage S (2013) Modeling air pollution in Lebanon: evaluation at a suburban site in Beirut during summer. Atmos Chem Phys 13:5873–5886
41. Wang J, Jin L, Gao J, Shi J, Zhao Y, Liu S, Jin T, Bai Z, Wu CY (2013) Investigation of speciated VOC in gasoline vehicular exhaust under ECE and EUDC test cycles. Sci Total Environ 445–446:110–116
42. WHO (2005) Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, Global update. WHO
43. Yuan B, Shao M, Lu S, Wang B (2010) Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing, China. Atmos Environ 44:1919–1926
44. Yurdakul S, Civan M, Tuncel G (2013) Volatile organic compounds in suburban Ankara atmosphere, Turkey: sources and variability. Atmos Res 120–121:298–311
45. Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Lü S, Shao M, Lee FSC, Yu J (2013) Species profiles and normalized reactivity of volatile organic compounds from gasoline evaporation in China. Atmos Environ 79:110–118
46. Zheng J, Yu Y, Mo Z, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yin S, Peng K, Yang Y, Feng X, Cai H (2013) Industrial sector-based volatile organic compound (VOC) source profiles measured in manufacturing facilities in the Pearl River Delta, China. Sci Total Environ 456–457:127–136