Mobile sources critical review: 1998 NARSTO assessment

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 34, Issue 12-14, 2000, Pages 2161-2181

  Sawyer, R F ^a   Harley, R A ^b   Cadle, S H ^c   Norbeck, J M ^d   Slott, R ^e   Bravo, H A ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Berkeley   (United States)

^c GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e Seccion de Contaminacion Ambiental ^*  (United States)

^f UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Emissions inventory; Emissions uncertainties; In use emissions; Mobile sources; Motor vehicle emissions

Indexed keywords

FUEL CONSUMPTION; FUEL ECONOMY; GAS EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBONS; OXIDES; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS;

EMISSION INVENTORY; EMISSION UNCERTAINTIES; IN USE EMISSIONS; MOBILE SOURCES; MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

AIR POLLUTION;

DIESEL FUEL; GASOLINE; HYDROCARBON; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; NITROGEN OXIDE; OZONE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR QUALITY; POLLUTANT SOURCE; POLLUTION MONITORING;

AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTION; CANADA; EXHAUST GAS; MEXICO; MOTOR VEHICLE; NORTH AMERICA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033626785     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00463-X     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. AAMA, 1997. Motor Vehicle Facts and Figures 1997, American Automobile Manufacturers Association.
2. Altshuler, S.L., Arcado, T.D., Lawson, D.R., 1995. Weekday vs. weekend ambient ozone concentrations discussion and hypotheses with focus on northern California. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 45, 967-972.
3. AOAQIRP, 1997. Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program Final Report, January 1997.
4. BAQMD, 1997. Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Emissions Estimation Manual for the Bay Area '97 Clean Air Plan, 1997.
5. Barth, M., An, F., Norbeck, J. M., Ross, M., 1996. Transportation Research Record 1520, TRB, pp. 81-88.
6. Barth, M.J., Norbeck, J.M., 1993. The Development of an Integrated Transportation/Emissions Model to Predict Mobile Source Emissions. Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside.
7. Barth, M.J., Norbeck, J.M., 1994. A Power-Demand Approach to Estimating Vehicle Emissions, in Fourth CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emission Workshop, San Diego, CA, pp. 5-51-5-72.
8. Baughcum, S.L., 1996. Subsonic aircraft emission inventories. In: Thompson, A.M., Friedl, R.R., Wesoky, H.L. (Eds.), Atmospheric Effects of Aviation: First Report of the Subsonic Assessment Project, Chapter 2, NASA Reference Publication 1385.
9. BDM International, 1991. Project Gridlock Report. Technical report prepared and submitted to Ford Motor Company.
10. Beaton, S.P., Bishop, G.A., Stedman, D.H., 1992. Emission characteristics of Mexico City vehicles. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 42, 1424-1429.
11. Bishop, G.A., McLaren, S.E., Stedman, D.H., Pierson, W.R., Zweidinger, R.B., Ray, W.D., 1996. Method comparisons of vehicle emissions measurements in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2307-2316.
12. Bishop, G.A., Starkey, J.R., Ihlenfeldt, A., Williams, W.J., Stedman, D.H., 1989. IR long-path photometry: a remote sensing tool for automobile emissions. Analytical Chemistry 61, 671A-677A.
13. Bishop, G.A., Stedman, D.H., Castro, J.D., Davalos, F.J., 1997. On-road remote sensing of vehicle emissions in Mexico. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 3505-3510.
14. Brooks, D.J., Baldus, S.L., Bandy, W.J., Peltier, R.J., Reuter, R.M., Spark, T.L., 1995. Real-world hot soak evaporative emissions - A pilot study. SAE Paper 951007.
15. Brownstone, D., Lave, C., 1992. Transportation energy use. Universitywide Energy Research Group Report PWP-003, University of California, Berkeley.
16. Carter, W.P.L., 1994. Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 44, 881-899.
17. Cicero-Fernandez, P., Long, J.R., Winer, A.M., 1997. Effects of grades and other loads on on-road emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 47, 898-904.
18. Dreher, D.B., Harley, R.A., 1998. A fuel-based inventory for heavy-duty diesel truck emissions. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 48, 352-358.
19. EIA, 1994. Annual energy outlook 1994 with projections to 2010. Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA-0383(94).
20. EIA, 1996. Alternatives to traditional transportation fuels, 1996 Overview. Energy Information Agency, U.S. Department of Energy.
21. EnvCan, 1997. Conversation with Mr. Leif Stephanson. Vehicle Emissions Section. Environment Canada, September 10, 1997.
22. EPA, 1997a. Regulatory Announcement. Final Emission Standards for Locomotives, EPA420-F-97-048, 1997.
23. EPA, 1997b. Technical Highlights. Emission Factors for Locomotive, EPA420-F97-051, 1997.
24. x in California's South Coast Air Basin. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 42, 264-276.
25. Gertler, A.W., Fujita, E.M., Pierson, W.R., Wittorff, D.N., 1996. Apportionment of NMHC Tailpipe vs Non-Tailpipe Emissions in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2297-2305.
26. Gertler, A.W., Sagebiel, J.C., Wittorff, D.N., Pierson, W.R., Dippel, W.A., Freeman, D., Sheetz, L., 1997a. Vehicle Emissions in Five Urban Tunnels. Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV. Report to the Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.
27. Gertler, A.W., Wittorff, D.N., McLaren, R., Belzer, W., Dann, T., 1997b. Characterization of vehicle emissions in Vancouver BC during the 1993 Lower Fraser Valley Oxidants study. Atmospheric Environment 31, 2107-2112.
28. Grosjean, D., 1992. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 953-963.
29. Guenther, P.L., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Beaton, S.P., Bean, J.H., Quine, R.W., 1995. A hydrocarbon detector for the remote sensing of vehicle exhaust emissions. Review of scientific instruments 66, 3024-3029.
30. Harley, R.A., Sawyer, R.F., Milford, J.B., 1997. Updated photochemical modeling for California's South Coast Air Basin: comparison of chemical mechanisms and motor vehicle Emission Inventories. Environmental Science and Technology 31.
31. Harvey, G.W., Deakin, E., 1993. A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling for Air Quality Analysis. National Association of Regional Councils, Washington, DC.
32. Haskew, H.H., 1997a. Real time diurnals. In: Proceedings of the Seventh CRC On-road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, 2-49. Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.
33. Haskew, H.H., 1997b. CRC's running loss test program - Summer 1997. In: Proceedings of the Seventh CRC On-road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, 2-59. Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.
34. Heywood, J.B., 1998. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 915.
35. Hochhauser, A.M., Benson, J.D., Burns, V.R., Gorse, R.A., Koehl, W.J. Painter, L.J., Reuter, R.M., Rutherford, J.A., 1992. Speciation and calculated reactivity of automotive exhaust emissions and their relation to fuel properties. SAE Technical Paper Series no. 920325.
36. Hoekman, S.K., 1992. Speciated measurements and calculated reactivities of vehicle exhaust emissions from conventional and reformulated gasolines. Environmental Science and Technology 26, 1206-1216.
37. Hublin, M.P. Gadd, P., Hall, D., Schindler, K., 1996. European progammes on emissions, fuels, and engine technologies (EPEFE) - Light duty diesel study. SAE Paper 961073.
38. IMP, 1997. Personal communication, Dr. Francisco Guzman, Instituto Mexicano del Petrol.
39. IMT, 1994. Manual Estadistico del Sector Transporte 1993. (1993 Statistic Manual from the Transportation Division). Instituto Mexicano del Transport.
40. INEG, 1997. Personal communication. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geograffa, Mexico.
41. Kirchstetter, T.W., Singer, B.C., Harley, R.A., Kendall, G.R., Chan, W., 1996. Impact of oxygenated gasoline use on california light-duty vehicle emissions. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 661-670.
42. Leppard, W.R., Rapp, L.A., Burns, V.R., Gorse, R.A., Knepper, J.C., Koehl, W.J., 1992. Effects of gasoline composition on vehicle engine-out and tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions. SAE Technical Paper Series no. 920329.
43. Lonneman, W.A., Seila, R.L., Meeks, S.A., 1986. Non-methane organic composition in the Lincoln tunnel. Environmental Science and Technology 20, 790-796.
44. Maldonado, H., 1991. Methodology to calculate emission factors for on-road motor vehicles. Technical Report, California Air Resources Board.
45. Markey, J., 1993. Federal Test Procedure Review Project: Technical Report, #EPA 420-R-93-007. Certification Division, Office of Mobile Sources, US EPA.
46. McCracken, J., 1998. EPA looks into makers of dirty diesels. Automotive News, p. 4.
47. McLaren, R., Gertler, A.W., Wittorff, D.N., Belzer, W., Dann, T., Singleton, D.L., 1996. Real-world measurements of exhaust and evaporative emissions in the Cassiar Tunnel predicted by chemical mass balance modeling. Environmental Science and Technology 30, 3001-3009.
48. MSTAC, 1997. In Use Deterioration Workgroup Status Report, July 1997, in the Report of the Mobile Source Technical Advisory Subcommittee to the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee.
49. Odum, J.R., Jungkamp, T.P.W., Griffin, R.J., Forstner, H.J.L., Flagan, R.C., Seinfeld, J.H., 1997. Aromatics, reformulated gasoline, and atmospheric organic aerosol. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 1890-1897.
50. ORNL, 1996. Adapted from Davis, S.C. and McFarline, D.N., Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 16. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-6898.
51. PetMex, 1997. Petróleos Mexicanos, Memoraja de Labores 1996. (Mexican Petroleum, Summary of Activities 1996) Unidad de Planeación Corporative de Petróleos Mexicanos.
52. Pierson, W.R., 1996a, Motor vehicle inspection and maintenance programs - how effective are they? Atmospheric Environment 30 (21), i-iii.
53. Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W., Bradow, R.L., 1990. Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with other on-road vehicle emission data. Atmospheric Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 40, 1495-1504.
54. Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W., Robinson, N.F., Sagebiel, J.C., Zielinska, B., Bishop, G.A., Stedman, D.H., Zweidinger, R.B., Ray, W.D., 1996b. Real-world automotive emissions - Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2233-2256.
55. Pierson, W.R., Lawson, D.R., Schorran, D.E., Fujita, E.M., Sagebiel, J.C., Tanner, R.L., 1997. Assessment of Non-Tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles. CRC Project No. VE-11-7 Final Report, Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.
56. Robinson, N.F., Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W., Sagebiel, J.C., 1996. Comparison of MOBILE4.1 and MOBILES predictions with measurements of vehicle emission factors in Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2257-2267.
57. Rogak, S.N., Green, S.I., Pott, U., 1997b. Use of tracer gas for direct calibration of emission factor measurements in a traffic tunnel. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 47.
58. Rogak, S.N., Pott, U., Dann, T., Wang, D., 1997a. Gaseous emissions from vehicles in a traffic tunnel in Vancouver, BC. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 47.
59. Rykowski, R. A., Darlington, T.L., Heuss, J., 1996. Exhaust particulate emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles. Proceedings of the World Car Conference '96, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside.
60. Sagebiel, J.C., Zielinska, B., Pierson, W.R., Gertler, A.W., 1996. Real-world emissions and calculated reactivities of organic species from motor vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2287-2296.
61. Schauer, J.J., Rogge, W.F., Hildeman, L.M., Mazurek, M.A., Simoneit, B.R., Cass, G.R., 1996. Atmospheric Environment 30, 3837-3855.
62. Schlappi, M.L., Marshall, R.G., Itamura, I.T., 1993. Truck travel in the San Francisco Bay Area. Transportation Research Record 1383, 85-94.
63. Signer, M., Hienze, P., Mercogliano, R., Steine, H.J., 1996. European Progammes on Emissions, Fuels, and Engine Technologies (EPEFE) - Heavy Duty Diesel Study, SAE Paper 961074.
64. Sigsby, J.E., Tejada, S., Ray, W., Lang, J.M., Duncan, J.W., 1987. Volatile organic compound emissions from 46 in-use passenger cars. Environmental Science and Technology 21, 466-475.
65. Singer, B.C., Harley, R.A., 1996. A fuel-based motor vehicle emission inventory. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 46, 581-593.
66. StatCan, 1997. Quarterly Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada, 1996-III. Statistics Canada 57-003-XPB, vol. 21, no 3.
67. Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Aldrete, P., Slott, R.S., 1997. On-road evaluation of an automobile emission test program. Environmental Science and Technology 31 (3), 927-931.
68. Stephens, R.D., Cadle, S.H., 1991. Remote sensing measurements of carbon monoxide emissions from on-road vehicles. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 41, 39-46.
69. TRB, 1995. Transportation Research Board. Expanding Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air Quality and Energy Use, 1995. Special Report 245. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
70. Turpin, B.J., Huntzicker, J.J., 1995. Atmospheric Environment 29, 3527-3544.
71. USEPA, 1994. Regulatory Impact Analysis and Regulatory Support Document, Control of Air Pollution; Determination of Significance for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 37 kilowatts (50 Horsepower), USEAP, 1994.
72. USEPA, 1996. National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Report 1900-1995, 1996. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, USEPA.
73. USFR, 1994. United States Federal Register, 59 FR 31306, June 17, 1994
74. Wang, S.C., Paulson, S.E., Grosjean, D., Flagan, R.C., Seinfeld, J.H., 1995. Atmospheric Environment 29, 3527-3554.
75. x ratios, and source-receptor analyses. Systems Applications International, San Rafael, CA. Report to US EPA under contract 68-C1-0059.
76. Zhang, Y., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Beaton, S.P., Guenther, P.L., McVey, I.F., 1996. Enhancement of remote sensing for mobile source nitric oxide. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 46, 25-29.
77. Zhang, Y., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Guenther, P.L., Beaton, S.P., Peterson, J.E., 1993. On-road hydrocarbon remote sensing in the Denver Area. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 1885-1891.
78. Zhang, Y., Stedman, D.H., Bishop, G.A., Guenther, P.L., Beaton, S.P., 1995. Worldwide on-road vehicle emissions study by remote sensing. Environmental Science and Technology 29, 2286-2294.
79. 18 emitted from motor vehicles. Science of the Total Environment 147, 281-288.