The decimal effect: Behavioral and neural bases for a novel influence on intertemporal choice in healthy individuals and in ADHD

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2455-2468

  Fassbender, Catherine ^a   Houde, Sebastien ^b   Silver Balbus, Shayla ^b   Ballard, Kacey ^b   Kim, Bokyung ^b   Rutledge, Kyle J ^a   Dixon, J Faye ^a   Iosif, Ana Maria ^c   Schweitzer, Julie B ^a   McClure, Samuel M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS; BOLD SIGNAL; BRAIN REGION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECIMAL EFFECT; DELAY DISCOUNTING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EMOTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FRAMING BIAS; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE; KERNEL METHOD; MALE; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; REWARD; ADOLESCENT; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CHILD; DECISION MAKING; IMPULSIVENESS; MATHEMATICAL PHENOMENA; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CHILD; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REWARD; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84907462252     PISSN: 0898929X     EISSN: 15308898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00642     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Ahn, W. Y., Rass, O., Fridberg, D. J., Bishara, A. J., Forsyth, J. K., Breier, A., et al. (2011). Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 911-921.
2. Alter, A. L., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2006). Predicting short-term stock fluctuations by using processing fluency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 103, 9369-9372.
3. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: The Guildford Press.
4. Berns, G. S., Moore, S., & Capra, C. M. (2009). Adolescent engagement in dangerous behaviors is associated with increased white matter maturity of frontal cortex. PLoS One, 4, e6773.
5. Bickel, W. K., Jones, B. A., Landes, R. D., Christensen, D. R., Jackson, L., & Mancino, M. (2010). Hypothetical intertemporal choice and real economic behavior: Delay discounting predicts voucher redemptions during contingency-management procedures. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 546-552.
6. Bickel, W. K., & Marsch, L. A. (2001). Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: Delay discounting processes. Addiction, 96, 73-86.
7. Butterworth, B. (1999). A head for figures. Science, 284, 928-929.
8. Casey, B. J., Duhoux, S., & Malter Cohen, M. (2010). Adolescence: What do transmission, transition, and translation have to do with it? Neuron, 67, 749-760.
9. Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Hare, T. A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 111-126.
10. Chao, L. W., Szrek, H., Pereira, N. S., & Pauly, M. V. (2009). Time preference and its relationship with age, health, and survival probability. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 1-19.
11. Christakou, A., Brammer, M., & Rubia, K. (2011). Maturation of limbic corticostriatal activation and connectivity associated with developmental changes in temporal discounting. Neuroimage, 54, 1344-1354.
12. Cohen, J. R., Asarnow, R. F., Sabb, F. W., Bilder, R. M., Bookheimer, S. Y., Knowlton, B. J., et al. (2010). A unique adolescent response to reward prediction errors. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 669-671.
13. Costa Dias, T. G., Wilson, V. B., Bathula, D. R., Iyer, S. P., Mills, K. L., Thurlow, B. L., et al. (2013). Reward circuit connectivity relates to delay discounting in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 33-45.
14. Daw, N. D., Niv, Y., & Dayan, P. (2005). Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1704-1711.
15. Dawson, P., & Guare, R. (2010). Skills in children and adolescents: A practical guide to assessment and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Dickstein, S. G., Bannon, K., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2006). The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ALE meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1051-1062.
17. Fassbender, C., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2006). Is there evidence for neural compensation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? A review of the functional neuroimaging literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 445-465.
18. Figner, B., Knoch, D., Johnson, E. J., Krosch, A. R., Lisanby, S. H., Fehr, E., et al. (2010). Lateral prefrontal cortex and self-control in intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 538-539.
19. Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Dohoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40, 351-401.
20. Fujita, K., & Han, H. A. (2009). Moving beyond deliberative control of impulses: The effect of construal levels on evaluative associations in self-control conflicts. Psychological Science, 20, 799-804.
21. Galvan, A., Hare, T. A., Parra, C. E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., et al. (2006). Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 6885-6892.
22. Golsteyn, B. H. H., Gronqvist, H., & Lindahl, L. (2013). Time preferences and lifetime outcomes (No. 7165). Discussion Paper Series. Forschungsinstitut zur Zukurift der Arbeit.
23. Green, L., Fry, A., & Myerson, J. (1994). Discounting of delayed rewards: A life-span comparison. Psychological Science, 5, 33-36.
24. Green, L., Myerson, J., & McFadden, E. (1997). Rate of temporal discounting decreases with amount of reward. Memory & Cognition, 25, 715-723.
25. Hare, T. A., Camerer, C. F., & Rangel, A. (2009). Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system. Science, 324, 646-648.
26. Hariri, A. R., Brown, S. M., Williamson, D. E., Flory, J. D., de Wit, H., & Manuck, S. B. (2006). Preference for immediate over delayed rewards is associated with magnitude of ventral striatal activity. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 13213-13217.
27. Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 185-198.
28. Heerey, E. A., Robinson, B. M., McMahon, R. P., & Gold, J. M. (2007). Delay discounting in schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 12, 213-221.
29. Hsee, C. K., & Rottenstreich, Y. (2004). Music, pandas, and muggers: On the affective psychology of value. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 23-30.
30. Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2007). The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 1625-1633.
31. Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001). Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, RC159.
32. Knutson, B., & Greer, S. M. (2008). Anticipatory affect: Neural correlates and consequences for choice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 363, 3771-3786.
33. Li, X. (2008). The effects of appetitive stimuli on out-of-domain consumption impatience. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 649-656.
34. Loewenstein, G. (1996). Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65, 272-292.
35. Luce, R. D. (2005). Individual choice behavior: A theoretical analysis (Dover ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
36. Luna, B. (2009). Developmental changes in cognitive control through adolescence. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 37, 233-278.
37. Madden, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (2009). Impulsivity: The behavioral and neurological science of discounting. Washington, DC: APA Books.
38. Madden, G. J., Petry, N. M., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (1997). Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control participants: Drug and monetary rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256-262.
39. Marco, R., Miranda, A., Schlotz, W., Melia, A., Mulligan, A., Muller, U., et al. (2009). Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion. Neuropsychology, 23, 367-380.
40. Mazur, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In M. L. Commons, J. E. Mazur, J. A. Nevin, & H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative analysis of behavior: Vol. 5. The effect of delay and intervening events on reinforcement value (pp. 55-73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
41. McClure, S. M., Ericson, K. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2007). Time discounting for primary rewards. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 5796-5804.
42. McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306, 503-507.
43. Mischel, W. (1974). Processes in delay of gratification. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 249-292.
44. Mischel, W., & Baker, N. (1975). Cognitive appraisals and transformations in delay behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 254-261.
45. Olson, E. A., Collins, P. F., Hooper, C. J., Muetzel, R., Lim, K. O., & Luciana, M. (2009). White matter integrity predicts delay discounting behavior in 9- to 23-year-olds: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1406-1421.
46. Oppenheimer, D. M., & Frank, M. C. (2008). A rose in any other font would not smell as sweet: Effects of perceptual fluency on categorization. Cognition, 106, 1178-1194.
47. Paloyelis, Y., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2009). Are ADHD symptoms associated with delay aversion or choice impulsivity? A general population study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 837-846.
48. Panksepp, J. (2004). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010). Episodic future thinking reduces reward delay discounting through an enhancement of prefrontal-mediotemporal interactions. Neuron, 66, 138-148.
50. Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2011). The neural mechanisms of inter-temporal decision-making: Understanding variability. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 227-239.
51. Pine, A., Shiner, T., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2010). Dopamine, time, and impulsivity in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 8888-8896.
52. Prencipe, A., Kesek, A., Cohen, J., Lamm, C., Lewis, M. D., & Zelazo, P. D. (2010). Development of hot and cool executive function during the transition to adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 621-637.
53. Rangel, A., & Hare, T. (2010). Neural computations associated with goal-directed choice. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 20, 262-270.
54. Rapport, M. D., Tucker, S. B., DuPaul, G. J., Merlo, M., & Stoner, G. (1986). Hyperactivity and frustration: The influence of control over and size of rewards in delaying gratification. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 191-204.
55. Read, J. P., Frederick, S., Orsel, B., & Rahman, J. (2005). Four score and seven years from now: The date/delay effect in temporal discounting. Management Science, 41, 1326-1335.
56. Reynolds, B., Leraas, K., Collins, C., & Melanko, S. (2009). Delay discounting by the children of smokers and nonsmokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99, 350-353.
57. Sagvolden, T., Aase, H., Zeiner, P., & Berger, D. (1998). Altered reinforcement mechanisms in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 94, 61-71.
58. Scheres, A., & Hamaker, E. L. (2010). What we can and cannot conclude about the relationship between steep temporal reward discounting and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, e17-e18.
59. Scheres, A., Lee, A., & Sumiya, M. (2008). Temporal reward discounting and ADHD: Task and symptom specific effects. Journal of Neural Transmission, 115, 221-226.
60. Scheres, A., Milham, M. P., Knutson, B., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 720-724.
61. Scheres, A., Tontsch, C., Thoeny, A. L., & Kaczkurkin, A. (2010). Temporal reward discounting in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: The contribution of symptom domains, reward magnitude, and session length. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 641-648.
62. Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science, 275, 1593-1598.
63. Schweitzer, J. B., & Sulzer-Azaroff, B. (1988). Self-control: Teaching tolerance for delay in impulsive children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 173-186.
64. Schweitzer, J. B., & Sulzer-Azaroff, B. (1995). Self-control in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Effects of added stimulation and time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 671-686.
65. Shamosh, N. A., Deyoung, C. G., Green, A. E., Reis, D. L., Johnson, M. R., Conway, A. R., et al. (2008). Individual differences in delay discounting: Relation to intelligence, working memory, and anterior prefrontal cortex. Psychological Science, 19, 904-911.
66. Shamosh, N. A., & Gray, J. R. (2008). Delay discounting and intelligence: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 36, 289-305.
67. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Taylor, E., Sembi, S., & Smith, J. (1992). Hyperactivity and delay aversion-I. The effect of delay on choice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 387-398.
68. Sozou, P. D., & Seymour, R. M. (2003). Augmented discounting: Interaction between ageing and time-preference behaviour. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 1047-1053.
69. Steinberg, L. (2010). A dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 216-224.
70. Steinberg, L., Graham, S., O'Brien, L., Woolard, J., Cauffman, E., & Banich, M. (2009). Age differences in future orientation and delay discounting. Child Development, 80, 28-44.
71. Thaler, R. H. (1981). Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency. Economic Letters, 8, 201-207.
72. Thorell, L. B. (2007). Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 1061-1070.
73. Tripp, G., & Alsop, B. (1999). Sensitivity to reward frequency in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 28, 366-375.
74. Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110, 403-421.
75. van den Bos, W., & McClure, S. M. (2013). Towards a general model of temporal discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 99, 58-73.
76. Van Leijenhorst, L., Zanolie, K., Van Meel, C. S., Westenberg, P. M., Rombouts, S. A., & Crone, E. A. (2010). What motivates the adolescent? Brain regions mediating reward sensitivity across adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 61-69.
77. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
78. Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidy, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 821-838.
79. Wimmer, G. E., & Shohamy, D. (2012). Preference by association: How memory mechanisms in the hippocampus bias decisions. Science, 338, 270-273.