Trans Fatty acids in the Canadian food supply: An updated analysis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1116-1123

  Arcand, Joanne ^a   Scourboutakos, Mary J ^a   Au, Jennifer T C ^a   L'Abbe, Mary R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LARD; SATURATED FATTY ACID; TRANS FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID;

ARTICLE; CANADA; CATERING SERVICE; CHEESE; COFFEE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DAIRY PRODUCT; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; FOOD; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD PACKAGING; GARLIC; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; FACTUAL DATABASE; FAT INTAKE; FOLLOW UP; STANDARD;

CANADA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DIETARY FATS; FATTY ACIDS; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD LABELING; FOOD PACKAGING; FOOD SUPPLY; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; RESTAURANTS; TRANS FATTY ACIDS;

EID: 84907260868     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088732     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354: 1601-13.
2. Mozaffarian D, Aro A, Willett WC. Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63 (suppl 2):S5-21.
3. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.
4. Nishida C, Uauy R. WHO scientific update on health consequences of trans fatty acids: introduction. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63(suppl 2):S1-4.
5. Krenosky SLA, Lee MR, Underhill N, Vigneault L, Godefroy M, Ratnayake SN. Risk assessment of exposure to trans fat in Canada. Int Food Risk Anal J. 2013;2:1-15.
6. Health Canada. Regulations amending the food and drug regulations (nutrition labelling, nutrient content claims and health claims). Canada Gazette 2003;137:154-403. Available from: http://canadagazette.gc.ca/ archives/p2/2003/2003-01-01/html/sor-dors11-eng.html (cited 10 September 2013).
7. Ratnayake WM, Hollywood R, O'Grady E, Pelletier G. Fatty acids in some common food items in Canada. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:651-60.
8. Bendsen NT, Christensen R, Bartels EM, Astrup A. Consumption of industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65:773-83.
9. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, Adams C, Alleyne G, Asaria P, Baugh V, Bekedam H, Billo N, Casswell S, et al. Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. Lancet 2011;377:1438-47.
10. Food and Drug Administration; Department of Health and Human Services. Tentative determination of partially hydrogenated oils; request for comments and for scientific data and information. Docket No. FDA-2013-N-1317. Federal Register 78, No. 217. November 8, 2013.
11. Trans Fat Task Force. TRANSforming the food supply: report of the Trans Fat Task Force. Ottawa, Canada: Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, June 2006.
12. Ratnayake WM, L'Abbe MR, Farnworth S, Dumais L, Gagnon C, Lampi B, Casey V, Mohottalage D, Rondeau I, Underhill L, et al. Trans fatty acids: current contents in Canadian foods and estimated intake levels for the Canadian population. J AOAC Int 2009;92:1258-76.
13. Schermel A, Emrich TE, Arcand J, Wong CL, L'Abbe MR. Nutrition marketing on processed food packages in Canada: 2010 Food Label Information Program. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013;38:666-72.
14. Arcand J, Au JTC, Schermel A, L'Abbe MR. A comprehensive analysis of sodium levels in the Canadian packaged food supply. Am J Prev Med 2014;46:633-42.
15. Mintel International. Global Market Navigator database. Chicago, IL: Mintel Group Ltd. Available from: www.mintel.com.
16. Health Canada, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences. Guidance for the food industry on reducing sodium in processed foods. Ottawa, Canada: Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, 2012.
17. Scourboutakos MJ, L'Abbe MR. Sodium levels in Canadian fast-food and sit-down restaurants. Can J Public Health 2013;104:e2-8.
18. Scourboutakos MJ, Semnani-Azad Z, L'Abbe MR. Restaurant meals: almost a full day's worth of calories, fats, and sodium. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1373-4.
19. Scourboutakos MJ, L'Abbe MR. Restaurant menus: calories, caloric density, and serving size. Am J Prev Med 2012;43:249-55.
20. Ratnayake WM, L'Abbe MR, Mozaffarian D. Nationwide product reformulations to reduce trans fatty acids in Canada: when trans fat goes out, what goes in? Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:808-11.
21. L'Abbe MR, Stender S, Skeaff M, Gafoorunissa, Tavella M. Approaches to removing trans fats from the food supply in industrialized and developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:S50-7.
22. Leth T, Jensen HG, Mikkelsen AA, Bysted A. The effect of the regulation on trans fatty acid content in Danish food. Atheroscler Suppl 2006;7:53-6.
23. Kris-Etherton PM, Lefevre M, Mensink RP, Petersen B, Fleming J, Flickinger BD. Trans fatty acid intakes and food sources in the U.S. population: NHANES 1999-2002. Lipids 2012;47:931-40.
24. Downs SM, Thow AM, Leeder SR. The effectiveness of policies for reducing dietary trans fat: a systematic review of the evidence. Bull World Health Organ 2013;91:262-9H.
25. Angell SY, Cobb LK, Curtis CJ, Konty KJ, Silver LD. Change in trans fatty acid content of fast-food purchases associated with New York City's restaurant regulation: a pre-post study. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157:81-6.
26. Otite FO, Jacobson MF, Dahmubed A, Mozaffarian D. Trends in trans fatty acids reformulations of US supermarket and brand-name foods from 2007 through 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2013;10:E85.
27. Stender S, Dyerberg J, Astrup A. High levels of industrially produced trans fat in popular fast foods. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1650-2.
28. Schwenke DC, Foreyt JP, Miller ER III, Reeves RS, Vitolins MZ; Oxidative Stress Subgroup of the Look ARG. Plasma concentrations of trans fatty acids in persons with type 2 diabetes between September 2002 and April 2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:862-71.
29. Friesen R, Innis SM. trans Fatty acids in human milk in Canada declined with the introduction of trans fat food labeling. J Nutr 2006;136: 2558-61.
30. Harris WS, Pottala JV, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Robins SJ. Changes in erythrocyte membrane trans and marine fatty acids between 1999 and 2006 in older Americans. J Nutr 2012;142:1297-303.
31. Stender S, Astrup A, Dyerberg J. What went in when trans went out? N Engl J Med 2009;361:314-6.
32. Van Camp D, Hooker NH, Lin CT. Changes in fat contents of US snack foods in response to mandatory trans fat labelling. Public Health Nutr 2012;15:1130-7.
33. Pantazopoulos P, Kwong K, Lillycrop W, Wong L, Gao Y, Chalouh S, Samadhin M, Ratnayake WM, Krenosky S, Dumais L, et al. Trans and saturated fat on food labels in Canada: fact or fiction? Can J Public Health 2011;102:313-6.