메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1281-1291

Alemtuzumab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A review of its clinical pharmacology, efficacy and safety

Author keywords

alemtuzumab; monoclonal antibody; multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ALEMTUZUMAB; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; BETA1A INTERFERON; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 12; FINGOLIMOD; FUMARIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER; GADOLINIUM; GLATIRAMER; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; INTERFERON BETA SERINE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; NATALIZUMAB; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PARACETAMOL; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; RECOMBINANT BETA INTERFERON; TERIFLUNOMIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

EID: 84907260470     PISSN: 1744666X     EISSN: 17448409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2014.951332     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 85067707894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Just the
    • National Multiple Sclerosis Society
    • National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Multiple Sclerosis: Just the. facts. 2011
    • (2011) Facts.
  • 4
    • 54149084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A. Coles, A. Multiple Sclerosis. Lancet 2008;372:1502-17
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1502-1517
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 5
    • 0021035886 scopus 로고
    • Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
    • Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33: 1444-52
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 6
    • 0032919071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
    • Cutter GR, Baier ML, Rudick RA, et al. Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Brain 1999;122:871-2
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 871-872
    • Cutter, G.R.1    Baier, M.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 7
    • 10744228980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast letter acuity as a visual component for the multiple sclerosis functional composite
    • Balcer LJ, Baier ML, Cohen JA, et al. Contrast letter acuity as a visual component for the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. Neurology 2003;61:1367-73
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Balcer, L.J.1    Baier, M.L.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 84864149880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the multiple sclerosis functional composite: Proceedings from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) task force on clinical disability measures
    • Ontaneda D, LaRocca N, Coetzee T, et al. Revisiting the multiple sclerosis functional composite: Proceedings from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) task force on clinical disability measures. Mult Scler 2012;18:1074-80
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 1074-1080
    • Ontaneda, D.1    Larocca, N.2    Coetzee, T.3
  • 9
    • 60049089535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiographic disease activity in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective analysis of the natalizumab safety and efficacy in relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (affirm) study
    • Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M, et al. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiographic disease activity in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapse-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009;8: 254-60
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 254-260
    • Havrdova, E.1    Galetta, S.2    Hutchinson, M.3
  • 10
    • 84896781696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease Activity Free Status: A new end point for a new era in multiple sclerosis clinical research?
    • Bevan CJ, Cree BAC. Disease Activity Free Status: A new end point for a new era in multiple sclerosis clinical research? JAMA Neurol 2014;71:269-70
    • (2014) JAMA Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 269-270
    • Bevan, C.J.1    Cree, B.A.C.2
  • 11
    • 36849035929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full results of the Evidence of interferon dose-response European North American comparative efficacy (Evidence) study: A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded comparison of low-dose weekly versus high-dose, high frequency interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Schwid SR, Panitch HS. Full results of the Evidence of interferon dose-response European North American comparative efficacy (Evidence) study: A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded comparison of low-dose weekly versus high-dose, high frequency interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Clin Ther 2007;29: 2031-48
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , pp. 2031-2048
    • Schwid, S.R.1    Panitch, H.S.2
  • 12
    • 69949098534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 250 mg or 500 mg interferon beta-1b versus 20mg glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A prospective, randomized, multicentre study
    • O'Connor P, Filiippi M, Arnason B, et al. 250 mg or 500 mg interferon beta-1b versus 20mg glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A prospective, randomized, multicentre study. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:889-97
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 889-897
    • O'Connor, P.1    Filiippi, M.2    Arnason, B.3
  • 13
    • 51449101000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the Rebif vs glatiramer acetate in relapsing MS Disease [REGARD] study): A multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label trial
    • Mikol DD, Barkhof F, Chang P, et al. Comparison of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the Rebif vs glatiramer acetate in relapsing MS Disease [REGARD] study): A multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:903-14
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 903-914
    • Mikol, D.D.1    Barkhof, F.2    Chang, P.3
  • 14
    • 84866355653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis
    • Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips T, et al. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1087-97
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1087-1097
    • Fox, R.J.1    Miller, D.H.2    Phillips, T.3
  • 15
    • 84897022266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teriflunomide versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A randomized, controlled phase 3 trial
    • Vermersch P, Czlonkowska A, Grimaldi LME, et al. Teriflunomide versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A randomized, controlled phase 3 trial. Mult Scler 2014;20:705-16
    • (2014) Mult Scler , vol.20 , pp. 705-716
    • Vermersch, P.1    Czlonkowska, A.2    Lme, G.3
  • 16
    • 76149140914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:402-15
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 402-415
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 17
    • 84863895902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between use of interferon beta and progression of disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Shirani A, Zhao Y, Karim ME, et al. Association between use of interferon beta and progression of disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. JAMA 2012;308:247-56
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , pp. 247-256
    • Shirani, A.1    Zhao, Y.2    Karim, M.E.3
  • 18
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:387-401
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.W.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 19
    • 84901197534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): A double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Calabresi PA, Radue EW, Goodin D, et al. Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): A double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:545-56
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 545-556
    • Calabresi, P.A.1    Radue, E.W.2    Goodin, D.3
  • 20
    • 80053533877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • O'Connor P, Wolinsky JS, Confavreux C, et al. Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1293-303
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 1293-1303
    • O'Connor, P.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 21
    • 84894271594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (TOWER): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
    • Confavreux C, O'Connor P. Comi Giancarlo, et al. Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (TOWER): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:247-56
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 247-256
    • Confavreux, C.1    O'Connor, P.2    Comi, G.3
  • 22
    • 84898896452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis
    • Voller TL, Sorensen PS, Salmaj K, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2014;261:773-83
    • (2014) J Neurol , vol.261 , pp. 773-783
    • Voller, T.L.1    Sorensen, P.S.2    Salmaj, K.3
  • 23
    • 84858217865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis
    • Comi G, Jeffery D, Kappos L, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1000-9
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 1000-1009
    • Comi, G.1    Jeffery, D.2    Kappos, L.3
  • 24
    • 79955833670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained improvement in expanded disability status scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in multiple sclerosis: Treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Phillips JT, Giovannoni G, Lublin FD, et al. Sustained improvement in expanded disability status scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in multiple sclerosis: Treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011;17:970-9
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , pp. 970-979
    • Phillips, J.T.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Lublin, F.D.3
  • 25
    • 0027194472 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Campath-1 antigen: A glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored glycoprotein which is an exceptionally good target for complement lysis
    • Xia MQ, Hale G, Lifely MR, et al. Structure of the Campath-1 antigen: A glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored glycoprotein which is an exceptionally good target for complement lysis. Biochem J 1993;293:633-40
    • (1993) Biochem J , vol.293 , pp. 633-640
    • Xia, M.Q.1    Hale, G.2    Lifely, M.R.3
  • 26
    • 0025878925 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the CAMPATH-1 (CDw52) antigen: Biochemical analysis and cDNA cloning reveal an unusually small peptide backbone
    • Xia MQ, Tone M, Packman L, et al. Characterization of the CAMPATH-1 (CDw52) antigen: Biochemical analysis and cDNA cloning reveal an unusually small peptide backbone. Eur J Immunol 1991;21: 1677-84
    • (1991) Eur J Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 1677-1684
    • Xia, M.Q.1    Tone, M.2    Packman, L.3
  • 27
    • 84856252354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies-A focus on alemtuzumab
    • Klotz L, Meuth SG, Wiendl H. Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies-A focus on alemtuzumab. Clin Immunol 2012;142:25-30
    • (2012) Clin Immunol , vol.142 , pp. 25-30
    • Klotz, L.1    Meuth, S.G.2    Wiendl, H.3
  • 29
    • 69949120991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the mechanism of action of alemtuzumab in a human CD52 transgenic mouse model
    • Hu Y, Turner MJ, Shields J. Investigation of the mechanism of action of alemtuzumab in a human CD52 transgenic mouse model. Immunology 2009;128:260-70
    • (2009) Immunology , vol.128 , pp. 260-270
    • Hu, Y.1    Turner, M.J.2    Shields, J.3
  • 30
    • 84880849711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune status following alemtuzumab treatment in human CD52 transgenic mice
    • Turner MJ, LaMorte MJ, Chretien N. Immune status following alemtuzumab treatment in human CD52 transgenic mice. J Neuroimmunol 2013;261:29-36
    • (2013) J Neuroimmunol , vol.261 , pp. 29-36
    • Turner, M.J.1    Lamorte, M.J.2    Chretien, N.3
  • 31
    • 62949147825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • European Medicines Agency Product Information. Available from: Http://www. ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/ document-library/EPAR-Product-Information/human/003718/ WC500150521.pdf
    • European Medicines Agency Product Information
  • 32
    • 84857055778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term lymphocyte reconstitution after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Hill-Cawthorne GA, Button B, Tuohy O, et al. Long term lymphocyte reconstitution after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83:298-304
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 298-304
    • Hill-Cawthorne, G.A.1    Button, B.2    Tuohy, O.3
  • 33
    • 27944439639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte homeostatis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis
    • Cox AL, Thompson SAJ, Jones JL, et al. Lymphocyte homeostatis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2005;35: 3332-42
    • (2005) Eur J Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 3332-3342
    • Cox, A.L.1    Saj, T.2    Jones, J.L.3
  • 34
    • 77249114139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell reconstitution and BAFF after alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Thompson SAJ, Jones JL, Cox AL, et al. B-cell reconstitution and BAFF after alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Immunol 2010;30: 99-105
    • (2010) J Clin Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 99-105
    • Saj, T.1    Jones, J.L.2    Cox, A.L.3
  • 35
    • 84883337717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab improves contrast sensitivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Graves J, Galetta SL, Palmer J, et al. Alemtuzumab improves contrast sensitivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013;19:1302-9
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 1302-1309
    • Graves, J.1    Galetta, S.L.2    Palmer, J.3
  • 36
    • 84873640130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer imaging in multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab
    • Button T, Altmann D, Tozer D, et al. Magnetization transfer imaging in multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab. Mult Scler 2013;19:241-4
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 241-244
    • Button, T.1    Altmann, D.2    Tozer, D.3
  • 37
    • 0030453977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of first-dose cytokine-release syndrome by CAMPATH 1-H: Involvement of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) and CD11a/ CD18 (LFA-1) on NK cells
    • Wing MG, Moreau T, Greenwood J, et al. Mechanism of first-dose cytokine-release syndrome by CAMPATH 1-H: Involvement of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) and CD11a/ CD18 (LFA-1) on NK cells. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2819-26
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 2819-2826
    • Wing, M.G.1    Moreau, T.2    Greenwood, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029869119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient increase in symptoms associated with a cytokine release in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Moreau T, Coles AJ, Wing M, et al. Transient increase in symptoms associated with a cytokine release in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 1996;119:225-37
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 225-237
    • Moreau, T.1    Coles, A.J.2    Wing, M.3
  • 39
    • 0032882173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
    • Coles AJ, Wing MG, Molyneux P, et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46:296-304
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 296-304
    • Coles, A.J.1    Wing, M.G.2    Molyneux, P.3
  • 40
    • 31544467633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: Evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy
    • Coles AJ, Cox A, Le Page E, et al. The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: Evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy. J Neurol 2006;253:98-108
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 98-108
    • Coles, A.J.1    Cox, A.2    Le Page, E.3
  • 41
    • 84864568658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from: Http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00050778
    • Clinical Trials.gov.
  • 42
    • 54949143968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab vs. Interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis
    • CAMMS223 Trial Investigators.
    • CAMMS223 Trial Investigators. Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;359: 1786-801
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1786-1801
  • 43
    • 84860780657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon beta-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 clinic trial
    • Coles A, Fox E. Vladic A, et a. Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon beta-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 clinic trial. Neurology 2012;78:1069-78
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 1069-1078
    • Coles, A.1    Fox, E.2    Vladic, A.3
  • 44
    • 79952740129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes
    • Coles AJ, Fox E, Vladic A, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta-1a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes. Lancet Neurol 2011;10: 338-248
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 338-248
    • Coles, A.J.1    Fox, E.2    Vladic, A.3
  • 45
    • 77957044257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in disability after alemtuzumab treatment with multiple sclerosis is associated with neuroprotective autoimmunity
    • Jones JL, Anderson JM, Phuah CL, et al. Improvement in disability after alemtuzumab treatment with multiple sclerosis is associated with neuroprotective autoimmunity. Brain 2010;133:2232-47
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 2232-2247
    • Jones, J.L.1    Anderson, J.M.2    Phuah, C.L.3
  • 46
    • 84856057894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-Arm, open-label study of alemtuzumab in treatment-refractory patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Fox EJ, Sullivan HC, Gazda SK, et al. A single-Arm, open-label study of alemtuzumab in treatment-refractory patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2012;19:307-11
    • (2012) Eur J Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 307-311
    • Fox, E.J.1    Sullivan, H.C.2    Gazda, S.K.3
  • 47
    • 40149098173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAMPATH 1-H treatment in patients with aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Hirst CL, Pace A, Pickersgill TP, et al. CAMPATH 1-H treatment in patients with aggressive relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2008;255:231-8
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , pp. 231-238
    • Hirst, C.L.1    Pace, A.2    Pickersgill, T.P.3
  • 48
    • 84864568658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from: Http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00530348
    • Clinical Trials.gov.
  • 49
    • 84864568658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from: Http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00548405
    • Clinical Trials.gov.
  • 50
    • 84869492471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial
    • Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012;380:1819-28
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 1819-1828
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Coles, A.J.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 51
    • 84869507357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease modifying therapy: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial
    • Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease modifying therapy: A randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012;380:1829-39
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 1829-1839
    • Coles, A.J.1    Twyman, C.L.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 52
    • 84864568658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from: Http:// clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00930553
    • Clinical Trials.gov.
  • 53
    • 85067710450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durable efficacy of alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients who participated in the CARE-MS studies: Three year follow-up
    • 16-23 March 2013; San Diego, CA, USA
    • Fox EJ, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, et al. Durable efficacy of alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients who participated in the CARE-MS studies: Three year follow-up. Poster presented at the American Academy of Neurology; 16-23 March 2013; San Diego, CA, USA
    • Poster Presented at the American Academy of Neurology
    • Fox, E.J.1    Arnold, D.L.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 54
    • 85067723609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab improves brain MRI outcomes in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Three-year follow-up of the Care-MS studies
    • 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Barkof F, et al. Alemtuzumab improves brain MRI outcomes in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Three-year follow-up of the Care-MS studies. Poster presented at the American Academy of Neurology; 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Poster Presented at the American Academy of Neurology
    • Arnold, D.L.1    Cohen, J.A.2    Barkof, F.3
  • 55
    • 84866686643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case report of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease following alemtuzumab treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Meyer D, Coles A, Oyuela P, et al. Case report of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease following alemtuzumab treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Rel Dis 2013;2:60-3
    • (2013) Mult Scler Rel Dis , vol.2 , pp. 60-63
    • Meyer, D.1    Coles, A.2    Oyuela, P.3
  • 56
    • 49449108196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease after alemtuzumab
    • Clatworthy MR, Wallin EF, Jayne DR Jr. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease after alemtuzumab. N Engl J Med 2008;359:768-9
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 768-769
    • Clatworthy, M.R.1    Wallin, E.F.2    Jayne, D.R.3
  • 57
    • 83455210452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinctive form of thrombocytopenia in a phase 2 study of alemtuzumab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Cuker A, Coles AJ, Sullivan H, et al. A distinctive form of thrombocytopenia in a phase 2 study of alemtuzumab for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Blood 2011;118:6299-305
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 6299-6305
    • Cuker, A.1    Coles, A.J.2    Sullivan, H.3
  • 58
    • 84921028783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid autoimmune adverse events in patients treated with alemtuzumab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Four-year follow-up of the CARE-MS studies
    • 26 April-3 May Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Twyman CL, Oyuela P, Palmer J, et al. Thyroid autoimmune adverse events in patients treated with alemtuzumab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Four-year follow-up of the CARE-MS studies. Poster presented at the American Academy of Neurology, 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • (2014) Poster Presented at the American Academy of Neurology
    • Twyman, C.L.1    Oyuela, P.2    Palmer, J.3
  • 59
    • 80053207130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in a multicenter cohort
    • Cossburn M, Pace AA, Jones J, et al. Autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in a multicenter cohort. Neurology 2011;77: 573-9
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 573-579
    • Cossburn, M.1    Pace, A.A.2    Jones, J.3
  • 60
    • 68849084141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H)
    • Jones JL, Phuah CL, Cox AL, et al. IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). J Clin Invest 2009;119:2052-61
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 2052-2061
    • Jones, J.L.1    Phuah, C.L.2    Cox, A.L.3
  • 61
    • 84890285333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human autoimmunity after lymphocyte depletion is caused by homeostatis T-cell proliferation
    • Jones JL, Thompson SAJ, Loh P, et al. Human autoimmunity after lymphocyte depletion is caused by homeostatis T-cell proliferation. PNAS 2013;110:20200-5
    • (2013) PNAS , vol.110 , pp. 20200-20205
    • Jones, J.L.1    Saj, T.2    Loh, P.3
  • 62
    • 84884643373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune competence after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • McCarthy CL, Tuohy O, Compston AS, et al. Immune competence after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2013;81:872-6
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.81 , pp. 872-876
    • McCarthy, C.L.1    Tuohy, O.2    Compston, A.S.3
  • 63
    • 84873690365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of differential lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis
    • Cossburn MD, Harding K, Ingram G, et al. Clinical relevance of differential lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2013;80:55-61
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 55-61
    • Cossburn, M.D.1    Harding, K.2    Ingram, G.3
  • 64
    • 84903985522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab does not predict multiple sclerosis activity
    • Kousin-Ezewu O, Azzopardi L, Parker RA, et al. Accelerated lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab does not predict multiple sclerosis activity. Neurology 2014;82:1-7
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1-7
    • Kousin-Ezewu, O.1    Azzopardi, L.2    Parker, R.A.3
  • 65
    • 62849084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma following treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis
    • Pace AA, Zajicek JP. Melanoma following treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2009;16:e70-1
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , pp. e70-e71
    • Pace, A.A.1    Zajicek, J.P.2
  • 66
    • 84859813422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International advisory committee on clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: Current status and future prospects
    • Cohen J, Reingold S, Polman C, et al. International advisory committee on clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: Current status and future prospects. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:467-76
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 467-476
    • Cohen, J.1    Reingold, S.2    Polman, C.3
  • 67
    • 33644584352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Polman CH, OConnor PW, Havrdova E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:899-910
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 899-910
    • Polman, C.H.1    Oconnor, P.W.2    Havrdova, E.3
  • 68
    • 84861022041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of natalizumab-Associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, et al. Risk of natalizumab-Associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1870-80
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 1870-1880
    • Bloomgren, G.1    Richman, S.2    Hotermans, C.3
  • 69
    • 77951828930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence report: The efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Marriott JJ, Miyasaki JM, Bronseth G, et al. Evidence report: The efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010;74:1463-70
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 1463-1470
    • Marriott, J.J.1    Miyasaki, J.M.2    Bronseth, G.3
  • 70
    • 85067736385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of using disease-modifying therapy post-Alemtuzumab treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the core and extensions phases of CAMMS223, CARE-MS 1, and CARE-MS II studies
    • 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Edwards K, LaGanke C, Oyuela P, et al. Safety of using disease-modifying therapy post-Alemtuzumab treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the core and extensions phases of CAMMS223, CARE-MS 1, and CARE-MS II studies. Poster presented at the American Academy of Neurology, 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Poster Presented at the American Academy of Neurology
    • Edwards, K.1    Laganke, C.2    Oyuela, P.3
  • 71
    • 39049142995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DA, et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:676-88
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 676-688
    • Hauser, S.L.1    Waubant, E.2    Arnold, D.A.3
  • 72
    • 81555202418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Kappos L, Li D, Calabresi PA, et al. Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Lancet 2011;378:1779-87
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 1779-1787
    • Kappos, L.1    Li, D.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 73
    • 84895734917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2 study
    • Sorensen PS, Lisby S, Grove R, et al. Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2 study. Neurology 2014;82:573-81
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 573-581
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Lisby, S.2    Grove, R.3
  • 74
    • 84879239117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmay K, et al. Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381(9884):2167-75
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , Issue.9884 , pp. 2167-2175
    • Gold, R.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Selmay, K.3
  • 75
    • 85067725534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of anti-LINGO-1 for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Design of the Phase 2 SYNERGY trial
    • 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA\
    • Cadavid D, Phillips G, Dong-Si T, et al Efficacy and safety of anti-LINGO-1 for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Design of the Phase 2 SYNERGY trial. Poster presented at the American Academy of Neurology, 26 April-3 May 2014; Philadelphia, PA, USA\
    • Poster Presented at the American Academy of Neurology
    • Cadavid, D.1    Phillips, G.2    Dong-Si, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.