메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 467-476

Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: Current status and future prospects

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARM MOVEMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COGNITION; DISABILITY; DISABILITY SEVERITY; DISEASE COURSE; EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MOBILIZATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 84859813422     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: 14744465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70059-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (204)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0021109611 scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the International Conference on Therapeutic Trials in Multiple Sclerosis. Grand Island, NY, April 23-24, 1982
    • Herndon R Proceedings of the International Conference on Therapeutic Trials in Multiple Sclerosis. Grand Island, NY, April 23-24, 1982. Arch Neurol 1983, 40:663-710.
    • (1983) Arch Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 663-710
    • Herndon, R.1
  • 2
    • 0029279166 scopus 로고
    • Outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a critical analysis
    • Whitaker JN, McFarland HF, Rudge P, Reingold SC Outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a critical analysis. Mult Scler 1995, 1:37-47.
    • (1995) Mult Scler , vol.1 , pp. 37-47
    • Whitaker, J.N.1    McFarland, H.F.2    Rudge, P.3    Reingold, S.C.4
  • 3
    • 0031226430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force
    • Rudick R, Antel J, Confavreux C, et al. Recommendations from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force. Ann Neurol 1997, 42:379-382.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 379-382
    • Rudick, R.1    Antel, J.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 4
    • 0032919071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
    • Cutter GR, Baier ML, Rudick RA, et al. Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Brain 1999, 122:871-882.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 871-882
    • Cutter, G.R.1    Baier, M.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 5
    • 0037056364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit of interferon β-1a on MSFC progression in secondary progressive MS
    • Cohen JA, Cutter GR, Fischer JS, et al. Benefit of interferon β-1a on MSFC progression in secondary progressive MS. Neurology 2002, 59:679-687.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 679-687
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Cutter, G.R.2    Fischer, J.S.3
  • 6
    • 77956246343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, (accessed March 15, 2012).
    • Disabilities WHO, (accessed March 15, 2012). http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/.
    • Disabilities
  • 7
    • 0021035886 scopus 로고
    • Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
    • Kurtzke JF Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983, 33:1444-1452.
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 9
    • 0034088138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurtzke scales revisited: the application of psychometric methods to clinical intuition
    • Hobart J, Freeman J, Thompson A Kurtzke scales revisited: the application of psychometric methods to clinical intuition. Brain 2000, 123:1027-1040.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1027-1040
    • Hobart, J.1    Freeman, J.2    Thompson, A.3
  • 10
    • 0023936377 scopus 로고
    • Interrater reliability in assessing functional systems and disability on the Kurtzke scale in multiple sclerosis
    • Amato MP, Fratiglioni L, Groppi C, Siracusa G, Amaducci L Interrater reliability in assessing functional systems and disability on the Kurtzke scale in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988, 45:746-748.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 746-748
    • Amato, M.P.1    Fratiglioni, L.2    Groppi, C.3    Siracusa, G.4    Amaducci, L.5
  • 11
    • 0025314243 scopus 로고
    • Interrater variability with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and functional systems (FS) in a multiple sclerosis clinical trial
    • the Canadian Cooperative MS Study Group
    • Noseworthy JH, Vandervoort MK, Wong CJ, Ebers GC, the Canadian Cooperative MS Study Group Interrater variability with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and functional systems (FS) in a multiple sclerosis clinical trial. Neurology 1990, 40:971-975.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 971-975
    • Noseworthy, J.H.1    Vandervoort, M.K.2    Wong, C.J.3    Ebers, G.C.4
  • 12
    • 0025978558 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of disability rating scales used in multiple sclerosis
    • Francis DA, Bain P, Swan AV, Hughes RAC An assessment of disability rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1991, 48:299-301.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 299-301
    • Francis, D.A.1    Bain, P.2    Swan, A.V.3    Hughes, R.A.C.4
  • 13
    • 0026844653 scopus 로고
    • Inter- and intrarater scoring agreement using grades 1.0 to 3.5 of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
    • Goodkin DE, Cookfair D, Wende K, et al. Inter- and intrarater scoring agreement using grades 1.0 to 3.5 of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Neurology 1992, 42:859-863.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 859-863
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Cookfair, D.2    Wende, K.3
  • 14
    • 0025728367 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 4. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials
    • Weinshenker BG, Rice GPA, Noseworthy JH, Carriere W, Baskerville J, Ebers GC The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 4. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials. Brain 1991, 114:1057-1067.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 1057-1067
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Rice, G.P.A.2    Noseworthy, J.H.3    Carriere, W.4    Baskerville, J.5    Ebers, G.C.6
  • 15
    • 0344738667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis
    • Lublin FD, Baier M, Cutter G Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2003, 61:1528-1532.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1528-1532
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Baier, M.2    Cutter, G.3
  • 16
    • 17844404779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of the multiple sclerosis functional composite in follow-up: relationship to disease phenotype, disability and treatment strategies
    • Ozakbas S, Ormeci B, Idiman E Utilization of the multiple sclerosis functional composite in follow-up: relationship to disease phenotype, disability and treatment strategies. J Neurol Sci 2005, 232:65-69.
    • (2005) J Neurol Sci , vol.232 , pp. 65-69
    • Ozakbas, S.1    Ormeci, B.2    Idiman, E.3
  • 17
    • 69549098029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing disability progression with the multiple sclerosis functional composite
    • Rudick RA, Polman CH, Cohen JA, et al. Assessing disability progression with the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Mult Scler 2009, 15:984-997.
    • (2009) Mult Scler , vol.15 , pp. 984-997
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Polman, C.H.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0035936619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent validity of the MS Functional Composite using MRI as a biological disease marker
    • Kalkers NF, Bergers L, de Groot V, et al. Concurrent validity of the MS Functional Composite using MRI as a biological disease marker. Neurology 2001, 56:215-219.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 215-219
    • Kalkers, N.F.1    Bergers, L.2    de Groot, V.3
  • 19
    • 0033824616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Relationship to patient-reported quality of life
    • Miller DM, Rudick RA, Cutter G, Baier M, Fischer JS Clinical significance of the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Relationship to patient-reported quality of life. Arch Neurol 2000, 57:1319-1324.
    • (2000) Arch Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 1319-1324
    • Miller, D.M.1    Rudick, R.A.2    Cutter, G.3    Baier, M.4    Fischer, J.S.5
  • 20
    • 79953776799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting employment status in multiple sclerosis patients: the utility of the MS functional composite
    • Honarmand K, Akbar N, Kou N, Feinstein A Predicting employment status in multiple sclerosis patients: the utility of the MS functional composite. J Neurol 2011, 258:244-249.
    • (2011) J Neurol , vol.258 , pp. 244-249
    • Honarmand, K.1    Akbar, N.2    Kou, N.3    Feinstein, A.4
  • 21
    • 0036338518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing functional status: exploring the relationship between the multiple sclerosis functional composite and driving
    • Shawaryn MA, Schultheis MT, Garay E, DeLuca J Assessing functional status: exploring the relationship between the multiple sclerosis functional composite and driving. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:1123-1129.
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 1123-1129
    • Shawaryn, M.A.1    Schultheis, M.T.2    Garay, E.3    DeLuca, J.4
  • 22
    • 0035932956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite to predict disability in relapsing MS
    • Rudick RA, Cutter G, Baier M, et al. Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite to predict disability in relapsing MS. Neurology 2001, 56:1324-1330.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1324-1330
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Cutter, G.2    Baier, M.3
  • 23
    • 0034490261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between brain atrophy and disability: an 8-year follow up study of multiple sclerosis patients
    • Fisher E, Rudick RA, Cutter G, et al. Relationship between brain atrophy and disability: an 8-year follow up study of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2000, 6:373-377.
    • (2000) Mult Scler , vol.6 , pp. 373-377
    • Fisher, E.1    Rudick, R.A.2    Cutter, G.3
  • 24
    • 10744228980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast letter acuity as a visual component for the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite
    • Balcer LJ, Baier ML, Cohen JA, et al. Contrast letter acuity as a visual component for the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. Neurology 2003, 61:1367-1373.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Balcer, L.J.1    Baier, M.L.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 25
    • 77951689597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating loss of visual function in multiple sclerosis as measured by low-contrast letter acuity
    • Balcer LJ, Frohman EM Evaluating loss of visual function in multiple sclerosis as measured by low-contrast letter acuity. Neurology 2010, 74(suppl 3):S16-S23.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Balcer, L.J.1    Frohman, E.M.2
  • 26
    • 34247211800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab reduces visual loss in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Balcer LJ, Galetta SL, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab reduces visual loss in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007, 68:1299-1304.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1299-1304
    • Balcer, L.J.1    Galetta, S.L.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 27
    • 77952894834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis
    • Talman LS, Bisker ER, Sackel DJ, et al. Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010, 67:749-760.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.67 , pp. 749-760
    • Talman, L.S.1    Bisker, E.R.2    Sackel, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 0017615754 scopus 로고
    • Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion
    • Gronwall DMA Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Percept Mot Skills 1977, 44:367-373.
    • (1977) Percept Mot Skills , vol.44 , pp. 367-373
    • Gronwall, D.M.A.1
  • 29
    • 55549127927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
    • Chiaravalloti ND, DeLuca J Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7:1139-1151.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Chiaravalloti, N.D.1    DeLuca, J.2
  • 30
    • 79958223011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
    • Benedict RHB, Zivadinov R Risk factors for and management of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2011, 7:332-342.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 332-342
    • Benedict, R.H.B.1    Zivadinov, R.2
  • 31
    • 17044390108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paced visual serial addition test in multiple sclerosis
    • Nagels G, Geentjens L, Kos D, et al. Paced visual serial addition test in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2005, 107:218-222.
    • (2005) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.107 , pp. 218-222
    • Nagels, G.1    Geentjens, L.2    Kos, D.3
  • 32
    • 0034976936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite as an outcome measure in a phase 3 clinical trial
    • Cohen JA, Cutter GR, Fischer JS, et al. Use of the multiple sclerosis functional composite as an outcome measure in a phase 3 clinical trial. Arch Neurol 2001, 58:961-967.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 961-967
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Cutter, G.R.2    Fischer, J.S.3
  • 34
    • 76449087199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometrics and normative data for the multiple sclerosis functional composite: replacing the PASAT with the symbol digit modalities test
    • Drake AS, Weinstock-Guttman B, Morrow SA, Hojnacki D, Munchauer FE, Benedict RHB Psychometrics and normative data for the multiple sclerosis functional composite: replacing the PASAT with the symbol digit modalities test. Mult Scler 2010, 16:228-237.
    • (2010) Mult Scler , vol.16 , pp. 228-237
    • Drake, A.S.1    Weinstock-Guttman, B.2    Morrow, S.A.3    Hojnacki, D.4    Munchauer, F.E.5    Benedict, R.H.B.6
  • 35
    • 27744477639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of using same- versus alternate-form memory tests during short-interval repeated assessments in multiple sclerosis
    • Benedict RH Effects of using same- versus alternate-form memory tests during short-interval repeated assessments in multiple sclerosis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2005, 11:727-736.
    • (2005) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.11 , pp. 727-736
    • Benedict, R.H.1
  • 36
    • 33746088753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS)
    • Benedict RHB, Cookfair D, Gavett R, et al. Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006, 12:549-558.
    • (2006) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.12 , pp. 549-558
    • Benedict, R.H.B.1    Cookfair, D.2    Gavett, R.3
  • 37
    • 77952825584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability, practical effects, and change indices for Rao's brief repeatable battery
    • Portaccio E, Goretti B, Zipoli V, et al. Reliability, practical effects, and change indices for Rao's brief repeatable battery. Mult Scler 2010, 16:611-617.
    • (2010) Mult Scler , vol.16 , pp. 611-617
    • Portaccio, E.1    Goretti, B.2    Zipoli, V.3
  • 38
    • 1042302759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis: comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging measures of atrophy and lesion burden
    • Benedict RH, Weinstock-Guttman B, Fishman I, Sharma J, Tjoa CW, Bakshi R Prediction of neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis: comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging measures of atrophy and lesion burden. Arch Neurol 2004, 61:226-230.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 226-230
    • Benedict, R.H.1    Weinstock-Guttman, B.2    Fishman, I.3    Sharma, J.4    Tjoa, C.W.5    Bakshi, R.6
  • 39
    • 33748629908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortical atrophy, third ventricular width, and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
    • Benedict RH, Bruce JM, Dwyer MG, et al. Neocortical atrophy, third ventricular width, and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2006, 63:1301-1306.
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 1301-1306
    • Benedict, R.H.1    Bruce, J.M.2    Dwyer, M.G.3
  • 40
    • 43549124352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls
    • Goldman MD, Marrie RA, Cohen JA Evaluation of the six-minute walk in multiple sclerosis subjects and healthy controls. Mult Scler 2008, 14:383-390.
    • (2008) Mult Scler , vol.14 , pp. 383-390
    • Goldman, M.D.1    Marrie, R.A.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 0034119091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome measures in acute stroke trials: a systematic review and some recommendations to improve practice
    • Duncan PW, Jorgensen HS, Wade DT Outcome measures in acute stroke trials: a systematic review and some recommendations to improve practice. Stroke 2000, 31:1429-1438.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1429-1438
    • Duncan, P.W.1    Jorgensen, H.S.2    Wade, D.T.3
  • 42
    • 35848969091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal reference population for the multiple sclerosis functional composite
    • Fox RJ, Lee J-C, Rudick RA Optimal reference population for the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Mult Scler 2007, 13:909-914.
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 909-914
    • Fox, R.J.1    Lee, J.-C.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 44
    • 80054701138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease free activity status
    • Lublin FD Disease free activity status. Mult Scler Relat Dis 2012, 1:6-7.
    • (2012) Mult Scler Relat Dis , vol.1 , pp. 6-7
    • Lublin, F.D.1
  • 45
    • 60049089535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study
    • Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M, et al. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009, 8:254-260.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 254-260
    • Havrdova, E.1    Galetta, S.2    Hutchinson, M.3
  • 46
    • 80054701064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fingolimod treatment increases the proportion of patients who are free from disease activity in multiple sclerosis: results from a Phase 3, placebo-controlled study (FREEDOMS) (Poster PD6.002)
    • Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. Fingolimod treatment increases the proportion of patients who are free from disease activity in multiple sclerosis: results from a Phase 3, placebo-controlled study (FREEDOMS) (Poster PD6.002). Neurology 2011, 76(suppl 4):A563.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.W.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 47
    • 79952735730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis
    • Giovannoni G, Cook S, Rammohan K, et al. Sustained disease-activity-free status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets in the CLARITY study: a post-hoc and subgroup analysis. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:329-337.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 329-337
    • Giovannoni, G.1    Cook, S.2    Rammohan, K.3
  • 48
    • 79953098300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Horga A, Castillo J, Rio J, et al. An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol 2011, 52:321-330.
    • (2011) Rev Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 321-330
    • Horga, A.1    Castillo, J.2    Rio, J.3
  • 49
    • 70449137214 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. II. Prognosis
    • Rankin J Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. II. Prognosis. Scott Med J 1957, 2:200-215.
    • (1957) Scott Med J , vol.2 , pp. 200-215
    • Rankin, J.1
  • 50
    • 0026355123 scopus 로고
    • The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results
    • Farrell B, Godwin J, Warlow C The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991, 54:1044-1054.
    • (1991) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 1044-1054
    • Farrell, B.1    Godwin, J.2    Warlow, C.3
  • 51
    • 70450195021 scopus 로고
    • Functional evaluation: the Barthel index
    • Mahoney F, Barthel D Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J 1965, 14:61-65.
    • (1965) Md State Med J , vol.14 , pp. 61-65
    • Mahoney, F.1    Barthel, D.2
  • 52
    • 0033985609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of affect on the perception of disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Smith SJ, Young CA The role of affect on the perception of disability in multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 2000, 14:50-54.
    • (2000) Clin Rehabil , vol.14 , pp. 50-54
    • Smith, S.J.1    Young, C.A.2
  • 53
    • 0035007663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the impact of multiple sclerosis on psychosocial functioning: the development of a new self-efficacy scale
    • Airlie J, Baker GA, Smith SJ, Young CA Measuring the impact of multiple sclerosis on psychosocial functioning: the development of a new self-efficacy scale. Clin Rehabil 2001, 15:259-265.
    • (2001) Clin Rehabil , vol.15 , pp. 259-265
    • Airlie, J.1    Baker, G.A.2    Smith, S.J.3    Young, C.A.4
  • 54
    • 84859866409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The modified Rankin scale, EDSS and MRI measures using CombiRx baseline assessments (P05.070)
    • Conwit R, Cofield SS, Cutter GR, Wolinsky JS, Lublin FD The modified Rankin scale, EDSS and MRI measures using CombiRx baseline assessments (P05.070). Neurology 2008, 70(suppl 1):A270.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Conwit, R.1    Cofield, S.S.2    Cutter, G.R.3    Wolinsky, J.S.4    Lublin, F.D.5
  • 57
    • 0024042879 scopus 로고
    • The MOS short-form general health survey. Reliability and validity in a patient population
    • Stewart AL, Hays R, Ware J The MOS short-form general health survey. Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988, 26:724-735.
    • (1988) Med Care , vol.26 , pp. 724-735
    • Stewart, A.L.1    Hays, R.2    Ware, J.3
  • 60
    • 0035010231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29): a new patient-based outcome measure
    • Hobart J, Lamping D, Fitzpatrick R, Riazi A, Thompson A The multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29): a new patient-based outcome measure. Brain 2001, 124:962-973.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 962-973
    • Hobart, J.1    Lamping, D.2    Fitzpatrick, R.3    Riazi, A.4    Thompson, A.5
  • 62
    • 0037435521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability: the 12-item MS walking scale (MSWS-12)
    • Hobart JC, Riazi A, Lamping DL, et al. Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability: the 12-item MS walking scale (MSWS-12). Neurology 2003, 60:31-36.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 31-36
    • Hobart, J.C.1    Riazi, A.2    Lamping, D.L.3
  • 64
    • 0034853189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure
    • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001, 16:606-613.
    • (2001) J Gen Intern Med , vol.16 , pp. 606-613
    • Kroenke, K.1    Spitzer, R.L.2    Williams, J.B.3
  • 66
    • 84859867006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a new quantitative and objective tool for the assessment of hand motor disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Bonzano L, Sormani MP, Tacchino A, Abate L, Mancardi GL, Uccelli A Validation of a new quantitative and objective tool for the assessment of hand motor disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011, 17(suppl 10):S43.
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 10
    • Bonzano, L.1    Sormani, M.P.2    Tacchino, A.3    Abate, L.4    Mancardi, G.L.5    Uccelli, A.6
  • 67
    • 84859854600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional living outcome measure for multiple sclerosis: combining GPS and activity data (S34)
    • Snook E, Morand A, Scott CL A functional living outcome measure for multiple sclerosis: combining GPS and activity data (S34). Int J MS Care 2011, 13(suppl 3):26.
    • (2011) Int J MS Care , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 26
    • Snook, E.1    Morand, A.2    Scott, C.L.3
  • 68
    • 84859863437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory mobility monitoring in people with multiple sclerosis (S125)
    • Sosnoff JJ, Socie MJ, Boes MK, Sandroff BM, Motl RW Ambulatory mobility monitoring in people with multiple sclerosis (S125). Int J MS Care 2011, 13(suppl 3):69-70.
    • (2011) Int J MS Care , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 69-70
    • Sosnoff, J.J.1    Socie, M.J.2    Boes, M.K.3    Sandroff, B.M.4    Motl, R.W.5
  • 69
    • 84859850422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerometry measures walking mobility, not physical activity, in multiple sclerosis (S36)
    • Weikert ML, Dlugonski D, Suh Y, Sandroff B, Motl RW Accelerometry measures walking mobility, not physical activity, in multiple sclerosis (S36). Int J MS Care 2011, 13(suppl 3):27.
    • (2011) Int J MS Care , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 27
    • Weikert, M.L.1    Dlugonski, D.2    Suh, Y.3    Sandroff, B.4    Motl, R.W.5
  • 70
    • 79952740129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1-a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes
    • Coles AJ, Fox E, Vladic A, et al. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1-a in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: post-hoc and subset analyses of clinical efficacy outcomes. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:338-348.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 338-348
    • Coles, A.J.1    Fox, E.2    Vladic, A.3
  • 71
    • 79955833670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained improvement in expanded disability status scale as a new efficacy measure of neurologic change in multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Phillips JT, Giovannoni G, Lublin FD, et al. Sustained improvement in expanded disability status scale as a new efficacy measure of neurologic change in multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 2011, 17:970-979.
    • (2011) Mult Scler J , vol.17 , pp. 970-979
    • Phillips, J.T.1    Giovannoni, G.2    Lublin, F.D.3
  • 72
    • 60649090430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained-release oral fampridine in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
    • Goodman AD, Brown TR, Krupp LB, et al. Sustained-release oral fampridine in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2009, 373:732-738.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 732-738
    • Goodman, A.D.1    Brown, T.R.2    Krupp, L.B.3
  • 73
    • 78149478174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 3 trial of extended release oral dalfampridine in multiple sclerosis
    • Goodman AD, Brown TR, Edwards KR, et al. A phase 3 trial of extended release oral dalfampridine in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2010, 68:494-502.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 494-502
    • Goodman, A.D.1    Brown, T.R.2    Edwards, K.R.3
  • 74
    • 84655162283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI monitoring of immunomodulation in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis trials
    • Barkhof F, Simon JH, Fazekas F, et al. MRI monitoring of immunomodulation in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2011, 8:13-21.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 13-21
    • Barkhof, F.1    Simon, J.H.2    Fazekas, F.3
  • 75
    • 65249154822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging as a potential surrogate for relapses in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analytic approach
    • Sormani MP, Bonzano L, Roccatagliata L, Cutter GR, Mancardi GL, Bruzzi P Magnetic resonance imaging as a potential surrogate for relapses in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analytic approach. Ann Neurol 2009, 65:268-275.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 268-275
    • Sormani, M.P.1    Bonzano, L.2    Roccatagliata, L.3    Cutter, G.R.4    Mancardi, G.L.5    Bruzzi, P.6
  • 76
    • 8844285856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS. A combined analysis of the two trials
    • Kappos L, Weinshenker B, Pozzilli C, et al. Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS. A combined analysis of the two trials. Neurology 2004, 63:1779-1787.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 1779-1787
    • Kappos, L.1    Weinshenker, B.2    Pozzilli, C.3
  • 77
    • 68349107070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging outcomes for neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis trials
    • Barkhof F, Calabresi PA, Miller DH, Reingold SC Imaging outcomes for neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2009, 5:256-266.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 256-266
    • Barkhof, F.1    Calabresi, P.A.2    Miller, D.H.3    Reingold, S.C.4
  • 78
  • 79
    • 0034624943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS. Part II: MRI results
    • Wolinsky JS, Narayana PA, Noseworthy JH, et al. Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS. Part II: MRI results. Neurology 2000, 54:1734-1741.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1734-1741
    • Wolinsky, J.S.1    Narayana, P.A.2    Noseworthy, J.H.3
  • 80
    • 77955596271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:921-932.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 921-932
    • Petzold, A.1    de Boer, J.F.2    Schippling, S.3
  • 81
    • 81755188424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vision in multiple sclerosis: the story, structure-function correlations, and models for neuroprotection
    • Sakai RE, Feller DJ, Galetta KM, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ Vision in multiple sclerosis: the story, structure-function correlations, and models for neuroprotection. J Neuroophthalmol 2011, 31:362-373.
    • (2011) J Neuroophthalmol , vol.31 , pp. 362-373
    • Sakai, R.E.1    Feller, D.J.2    Galetta, K.M.3    Galetta, S.L.4    Balcer, L.J.5
  • 82
    • 79955678019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis
    • Graber JJ, Dhib-Jalbut S Biomarkers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011, 305:1-10.
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.305 , pp. 1-10
    • Graber, J.J.1    Dhib-Jalbut, S.2
  • 83
    • 84859837222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration, (accessed March 15, 2012).
    • Innovation or stagnation: critical path opportunities report and list Food and Drug Administration, (accessed March 15, 2012). http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/CriticalPathInitiative/CriticalPathOpportunitiesReports/UCM077254.pdf.
    • Innovation or stagnation: critical path opportunities report and list
  • 84
    • 39649084919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FDA critical path initiative and its influence on new drug development
    • Woodcock J, Woosley R The FDA critical path initiative and its influence on new drug development. Annu Rev Med 2008, 59:1-12.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Med , vol.59 , pp. 1-12
    • Woodcock, J.1    Woosley, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.