Highly sensitive detection of nanoparticles with a self-referenced and self-heterodyned whispering-gallery Raman microlaser

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 111, Issue 37, 2014, Pages E3836-E3844

  Özdemir, Şahin Kaya ^a   Zhu, Jiangang ^a   Yang, Xu ^b   Peng, Bo ^a   Yilmaz, Huzeyfe ^a   He, Lina ^a   Monifi, Faraz ^a   Huang, Steven He ^a   Long, Gui Lu ^b   Yang, Lan ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS   (United States)

^b TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Active microresonator; Optical sensor; Particle sensing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84907257122     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408283111     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Yurt A, Daaboul GG, Connor JH, Goldberg BB, Ünlü MS (2012) Single nanoparticle detectors for biological applications. Nanoscale 4(3): 715-726.
2. van Dijk MA, et al. (2006) Absorption and scattering microscopy of single metal nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 8(30): 3486-3495.
3. Szymanski WW, Nagy A, Czitrovszky A, Jani P (2002) A new method for the simultaneous measurement of aerosol particle size, complex refractive index and particle density. Meas Sci Technol 13(3): 303-307.
4. Fan X, et al. (2008) Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review. Anal Chim Acta 620(1-2): 8-26.
5. Patolsky F, et al. (2004) Electrical detection of single viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(39): 14017-14022.
6. Plakhotnik T, Palm V (2001) Interferometric signatures of single molecules. Phys Rev Lett 87(18): 183602.
7. Lindfors K, Kalkbrenner T, Stoller P, Sandoghdar V (2004) Detection and spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles using supercontinuum white light confocal microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 93(3): 037401.
8. Mitra A, Deutsch B, Ignatovich F, Dykes C, Novotny L (2010) Nano-optofluidic detection of single viruses and nanoparticles. ACS Nano 4(3): 1305-1312.
9. Wang S, et al. (2010) Label-free imaging, detection, and mass measurement of single viruses by surface plasmon resonance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(37): 16028-16032.
10. Yanik AA, et al. (2011) Seeing protein monolayers with naked eye through plasmonic Fano resonances. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(29): 11784-11789.
11. Naik AK, Hanay MS, Hiebert WK, Feng XL, Roukes ML (2009) Towards single-molecule nanomechanical mass spectrometry. Nat Nanotechnol 4(7): 445-450.
12. Burg TP, et al. (2007) Weighing of biomolecules, single cells and single nanoparticles in fluid. Nature 446(7139): 1066-1069.
13. Vollmer F, Yang L (2012) Label-free detection with high-Q microcavities: A review of biosensing mechanisms for integrated devices. Nanophotonics 1: 267-291.
14. Vollmer F, Arnold S (2008) Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: Label-free detection down to single molecules. Nat Methods 5(7): 591-596.
15. He L, Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, Kim W, Yang L (2011) Detecting single viruses and nanoparticles using whispering gallery microlasers. Nat Nanotechnol 6(7): 428-432.
16. Vollmer F, Arnold S, Keng D (2008) Single virus detection from the reactive shift of a whispering-gallery mode. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(52): 20701-20704.
17. Zhu J, et al. (2010) On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator. Nat Photonics 4(1): 46-49.
18. Vahala KJ (2003) Optical microcavities. Nature 424(6950): 839-846.
19. Arnold S, Khoshsima M, Teraoka I, Holler S, Vollmer F (2003) Shift of whisperinggallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption. Opt Lett 28(4): 272-274.
20. Sun Y, Fan X (2011) Optical ring resonators for biochemical and chemical sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 399(1): 205-211.
21. Dantham VR, Holler S, Kolchenko V, Wan Z, Arnold S (2012) Taking whispering gallerymode single virus detection and sizing to the limit. Appl Phys Lett 101(4): 043704.
22. Santiago-Cordoba MA, Cetinkaya M, Boriskina SV, Vollmer F, Demirel MC (2012) Ultrasensitive detection of a protein by optical trapping in a photonic-plasmonic microcavity. J Biophotonics 10(8-9): 1-10.
23. Lin S, Crozier KB (2013) Trapping-assisted sensing of particles and proteins using onchip optical microcavities. ACS Nano 7(2): 1725-1730.
24. Santiago-Cordoba MA, Boriskina SV, Vollmer F, Demirel MC (2011) Nanoparticlebased protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity. Appl Phys Lett 99(7): 073701.
25. Vollmer F, et al. (2002) Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity. Appl Phys Lett 80(21): 4057-4059.
26. Washburn AL, Luchansky MS, Bowman AL, Bailey RC (2010) Quantitative, label-free detection of five protein biomarkers using multiplexed arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators. Anal Chem 82(1): 69-72.
27. Dantham VR, et al. (2013) Label-free detection of single protein using a nanoplasmonic-photonic hybrid microcavity. Nano Lett 13(7): 3347-3351.
28. Lu T, et al. (2011) High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(15): 5976-5979.
29. Zhu J, Özdemir SK, He L, Chen DR, Yang L (2011) Single virus and nanoparticle size spectrometry by whispering-gallery-mode microcavities. Opt Express 19(17): 16195-16206.
30. Swaim JD, Knittel J, Bowen WP (2013) Detection of nanoparticles with a frequency locked whispering gallery mode microresonator. Appl Phys Lett 102(18): 183106.
31. Kim W, et al. (2012) Detection and size measurement of individual hemozoin nanocrystals in aquatic environment using a whispering gallery mode resonator. Opt Express 20(28): 29426-29446.
32. Shao L, et al. (2013) Detection of single nanoparticles and lentiviruses using microcavity resonance broadening. Adv Mater 25(39): 5616-5620.
33. Knittel J, Swaim JD, McAuslan DL, Brawley GA, Bowen WP (2013) Back-scatter based whispering gallery mode sensing. Sci Rep 3: 2974.
34. Shopova SI, Rajmangal R, Holler S, Arnold S (2011) Plasmonic enhancement of a whispering gallery mode biosenor for single nanoparticle detection. Appl Phys Lett 98(24): 243104.
35. He L, Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, Yang L (2010) Ultrasensitive detection of mode splitting in active optical microcavities. Phys Rev A 82(5): 053810.
36. He L, Ozdemir SK, Xiao Y-F, Yang L (2010) Gain-induced evolution of mode splitting spectra in a high-Q active microresonator. IEEE J Quantum Electron 46(11): 1626-1633.
37. Yang J, Guo LJ (2006) Optical sensors based on active microcavities. IEEE J Sel Top Quant 12(1): 143-147.
38. He L, Ozdemir SK, Yang L (2013) Whispering gallery microcavity lasers. Laser Photon Rev 7(1): 60-82.
39. Boyd RW (1992) Nonlinear Optics (Academic, New York).
40. Lu T, Yang L, Carmon T, Min B (2011) A narrow-linewidth on-chip toroid Raman laser. IEEE J Quantum Electron 47(3): 320-326.
41. Nie S, Emory SR (1997) Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering. Science 275(5303): 1102-1106.
42. Stiles PL, Dieringer JA, Shah NC, Van Duyne RP (2008) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif) 1: 601-626.
43. Lyon LA, et al. (1998) Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 70(12): 341R-361R.
44. Jalali B, Raghunathan V, Dimitropoulos D, Boyraz O (2006) Raman-based silicon photonics. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 12(3): 412-421.
45. Troccoli M, et al. (2005) Raman injection laser. Nature 433(7028): 845-848.
46. Rong H, et al. (2005) An all-silicon Raman laser. Nature 433(7023): 292-294.
47. Boyraz O, Jalali B (2004) Demonstration of a silicon Raman laser. Opt Express 12(21): 5269-5273.
48. Takahashi Y, et al. (2013) A micrometre-scale Raman silicon laser with a microwatt threshold. Nature 498(7455): 470-474.
49. Liang D, et al. (2009) Electrically-pumped compact hybrid silicon microring lasers for optical interconnects. Opt Express 17(22): 20355-20364.
50. Spillane SM, Kippenberg TJ, Vahala KJ (2002) Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity. Nature 415(6872): 621-623.
51. Kippenberg TJ, Spillane SM, Armani DK, Vahala KJ (2004) Ultralow-threshold microcavity Raman laser on a microelectronic chip. Opt Lett 29(11): 1224-1226.
52. Sennaroglu A, Kiraz A, Dündar MA, Kurt A, Demirel AL (2007) Raman lasing near 630 nm from stationary glycerol-water microdroplets on a superhydrophobic surface. Opt Lett 32(15): 2197-2199.
53. Grudinin IS, Maleki L (2008) Efficient Raman laser based on a CaF2 resonator. J Opt Soc Am B 25(4): 594-598.
54. Agrawal GP (2001) Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, New York).
55. Stolen RH, Ippen EP (1973) Raman gain in glass optical waveguides. Appl Phys Lett 22(6): 276-278.
56. Zhu J, Özdemir SK, He L, Yang L (2010) Controlled manipulation of mode splitting in an optical microcavity by two Rayleigh scatterers. Opt Express 18(23): 23535-23543.
57. Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, He L, Yang L (2011) Estimation of Purcell factor from modesplitting quality in an optical microcavity. Phys Rev A 83(3): 033817.
58. He L, et al. (2013) Statistics of multiple-scatterer-induced frequency splitting in whispering gallery microresonators and microlasers. New J Phys 15(7): 073030.
59. Gorodetsky ML, Grudinin IS (2004) Fundamental thermal fluctuations in microspheres. J Opt Soc Am B 21(4): 697-705.
60. He L, Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, Yang L (2010) Scatterer induced mode splitting in poly(dimethylsiloxane) coated microresonators. Appl Phys Lett 96(22): 221101.
61. Kim W, Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, He L, Yang L (2010) Demonstration of mode splitting in an optical microcavity in aqueous environment. Appl Phys Lett 97(7): 071111.
62. Kim W, Ozdemir SK, Zhu J, Yang L (2011) Observation and characterization of mode splitting in microsphere resonators in aquatic environment. Appl Phys Lett 98(14): 141106.
63. Chistiakova MV, Armani AM (2012) Cascaded Raman microlaser in air and buffer. Opt Lett 37(19): 4068-4070.