Understanding and Reducing the Impact of Defensiveness on Management Learning: Some Lessons From Neuroscience

Journal of Management Education

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 618-641

  Holmer, Leanna L ^a  

^a SEATTLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

defensiveness; emotional intelligence; learning; management education; management skills; neuroscience

Indexed keywords

EID: 84907163747     PISSN: 10525629     EISSN: 15526658     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1052562913505568     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Argyris C.Personality and organization: The conflict between system and individual. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers; 1960:
2. Argyris C.Integrating the individual and the organization. New York, NY: Wiley; 1964:
3. Argyris C.Reasoning, learning and action: Individual and organizational. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1982:
4. Argyris C.Strategy, change, and defensive routines. Boston, MA: Pittman; 1985:
5. Argyris C.Unrecognized defenses of scholars: Impact on theory and research.Organization Science. 1996;7:59-87
6. Argyris C.Learning and teaching: A theory of action perspective.Journal of Management Education. 1997;21 (9): 9-26
7. Argyris C.Double-loop learning, teaching and research.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2002;1:206-218
8. Arndt J.,Goldenberg J.Self and motivation: Emerging psychological perspectives. Tesser A.Stapel D.Wood J., ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2002:43-69.
9. Cannon W. B.The wisdom of the body. New York, NY: Norton; 1932:
10. Coutu D. L.The anxiety of learning.Harvard Business Review. 2002;80 (3): 100-106
11. Covey S. R.The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1989:
12. Cozzolino L.,Spokay S.The neuroscience of adult learning. Johnson S.Taylor K., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2006:11-19.
13. Debiec J.,LeDoux J.Fear and the brain.Social Research. 2004;71:807-818
14. Dweck C. S.Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis; 1999:
15. Easterby-Smith M.Disciplines of organizational learning: Contributions and critiques.Human Relations. 1997;50:1085-1113
16. Fenner E.Process without tears.Management Learning. 1976;7:151-165
17. Ferdinand B.Assessment-based development.Management Learning. 1986;17:111-113
18. Friedman V. J.,Lipshitz R.Teaching people to shift cognitive gears: Overcoming resistance on the road to Model II.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 1992;28:118-136
19. Gibb J. R.Factors producing defensive behaviors within groups. 1955;II:
20. Gibb J. R.Defensive communication.Journal of Communication, September. 1961a;:141-148
21. Gibb J. R.Leadership and interpersonal behavior. Petrullo L.Bass B., ed. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1961b:66-81.
22. Goleman D.Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than I.Q. New York, NY: Bantam; 1995:
23. Goleman D.Social intelligence. New York, NY: Bantam Books; 2006:
24. Gross J. J.Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences.Psychophysiology. 2002;39:281-291
25. Hogan R.,Warrenfeltz R.Educating the modern manager.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2003;2:74-84
26. Holmer L.Will we teach leadership of skilled incompetence? The challenge of student project teams.Journal of Management Education. 2001;25:590-605
27. Holmer L.,Adams G.The practice gap: Strategy and theory for emotional and interpersonal development in public administration education.Journal of Public Administration Education. 1995;1:3-22
28. Kaiser R. B.,Kaplan R. B.The deeper work of executive development: Outgrowing sensitivities.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2006;5:463-483
29. Kaplan R. E.,Drath W. E.,Kofodimos J. R.Beyond ambition: How driven managers can lead better and live better. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1991:13-28.
30. Kernis M. H.Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem.Psychological Inquiry. 2003;14:1-26
31. Kernis M. H.,Lakey C. E.,Heppner W. L.Secure versus fragile high self-esteem as a predictor of verbal defensiveness: Converging findings across three different markers.Journal of Personality. 2008;76:477-512
32. Kets de Vries M.,Korotov K.Creating transformational executive education programs.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2007;6:375-387
33. LeDoux J.The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster; 1996:
34. Markus H.,Wurf E.The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective.Annual Review of Psychology. 1987;38:299-337
35. Mazen M.Like water for chocolate: Action theory for the OB class.Journal of Management Education. 2000;24:304-301
36. Niiya Y.,Crocker J.,Bartuness E.From vulnerability to resilience: Learning orientations buffer contingent self-esteem from failure.Psychological Science. 2004;15:801-805
37. O’Connor D.,Yballe L.Team leadership: Critical steps to great projects.Journal of Management Education. 2007;31:292-312
38. Payne S.,Youngcourt S.A meta-analytic examination of the goal orientation nomological net.Journal of Applied Psychology. 2007;92:128-130
39. Phelps E.Emotion and cognition: Insights from studies of the human amygdala.Annual Review of Psychology. 2006;57:27-53
40. Robins R. W.,Pals J. L.Implicit self-theories in the academic domain: Implications for goal orientation, attributions, affect and self-esteem change.Self and Identity. 2002;1:313-336
41. Schroder-Abe M.,Rudolph A.,Wiesner A.,Schutz A.Self-esteem discrepancies and defensive reactions to social feedback.International Journal of Psychology. 2007;42:174-183
42. Seal C. R.,Boyatzis R. F.,Bailey J. R.Fostering emotional and social intelligence in organizations.Organization Management Journal. 2006;3:190-209
43. Senge P.The fifth discipline: The art and management of the learning organization. New York, NY: Doubleday; 1990:
44. Seo M.Overcoming emotional barriers, political obstacles, and control imperatives in the action-science approach to individual and organizational learning.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2003;2:7-21
45. Simpson P.,French R.,Vince R.The upside of the downside: How utilizing defensive dynamics can support learning in groups.Management Learning. 2000;31:457-470
46. Taylor S. E.,Klein L. C.,Lewis B. P.,Gruenwald T. L.,Gurung R. A. R.,Updegraff J. A.Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend not fight-or-flight.Psychological Review. 2000;107:411-429
47. Taylor S. S.,Ladkin D.Understanding arts-based methods in managerial development.Academy of Management Learning & Education. 2009;8:55-69
48. Tesser A.Advances in experimental social psychology: Vol. 21. Social psychological studies of the self: Perspectives and programs. Berkowitz L., ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1988:181-227.
49. Thompson T.,Musket S.Does priming for mastery goals improve the performance of students with an entity view of ability?.British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2005;75:391-409
50. Vaill P. B.Learning as a way of being: Strategies for survival in a world of permanent white water. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1996:
51. Vince R.Behind and beyond Kolb’s learning cycle.Journal of Management Education. 1998;22:304-319
52. Vince R.The impact of emotion on organizational learning.Human Resource Development International. 2002;5:73-85
53. Vince R.,Martin L.Inside action learning: An exploration of the psychology and politics of the action learning model.Management Learning. 1993;24:205-215
54. Weber R. J.Using videotape to teach organizational behavior.Journal of Management Education. 1976;2:37-42
55. Whetten D.,Cameron K.Developing management skills. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2011: