Radical irradiation of extracranial oligometastases

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Volumn , Issue 26, 2014, Pages 2902-2912

  Salama, Joseph K ^a   Milano, Michael T ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREAST CANCER; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; COLORECTAL CANCER; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; EXTENSIVE STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMAGE GUIDED RADIOTHERAPY; INTENSITY MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY; IRRADIATION; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; OLIGOMETASTASIS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PATIENT POSITIONING; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROSTATE CANCER; RADIATION DOSE; RADICAL IRRADIATION; REVIEW; SARCOMA; SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR VOLUME; BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; BRAIN RADIATION; CHILDHOOD CANCER; DISEASE FREE INTERVAL; ETRACRANIAL OLIGOMETASTASIS; HISTORY; METASTASIS RESECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY GATED IMAGING; COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOTHERAPY; NEOPLASMS; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; RADIOSURGERY;

HUMANS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; RADIOSURGERY; RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 84907011125     PISSN: 0732183X     EISSN: 15277755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.9567     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. Fisher B: Laboratory and clinical research in breast cancer: A personal adventure-The David A. Karnofsky memorial lecture. Cancer Res 40:3863-3874, 1980
2. Hellman S: Karnofsky memorial lecture: Natural history of small breast cancers. J Clin Oncol 12:2229-2234, 1994
3. Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR: Oligometastases. J Clin Oncol 13:8-10, 1995
4. Rubin P, Green J: Solitary Metastases. Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1968
5. Alongi F, Arcangeli S, Filippi AR, et al: Review and uses of stereotactic body radiation therapy for oligometastases. Oncologist 17:1100-1107, 2012
6. Mehta N, Mauer AM, Hellman S, et al: Analysis of further disease progression in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for locoregional treatment. Int J Oncol 25:1677-1683, 2004
7. Torok J, Kelsey CR, Salama JK: Patterns of distant metastases in surgically managed early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology, Atlanta, GA, September 22-25, 2013
8. Singh D, Yi WS, Brasacchio RA, et al: Is there a favorable subset of patients with prostate cancer who develop oligometastases? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:3-10, 2004
9. Albain KS, Nag SM, Calderillo-Ruiz G, et al: Gemcitabine plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer and prior anthracycline treatment. J Clin Oncol 26: 3950-3957, 2008
10. Bergh J, Bondarenko IM, Lichinitser MR, et al: First-line treatment of advanced breast cancer with sunitinib in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel alone: Results of a prospective, randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 30:921-929, 2012
11. Tawfik H, Rostom Y, Elghazaly H: All-oral combination of vinorelbine and capecitabine as firstline treatment in HER2/Neu-negative metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71: 913-919, 2013
12. Hurvitz SA, Dirix L, Kocsis J, et al: Phase II randomized study of trastuzumab emtansine versus trastuzumab plus docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 31:1157-1163, 2013
13. Gianni L, Romieu GH, Lichinitser M, et al: AVEREL: A randomized phase III Trial evaluating bevacizumab in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2-positive locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 31:1719-1725, 2013
14. Sledge GW, Neuberg D, Bernardo P, et al: Phase III trial of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and the combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as frontline chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: An intergroup trial (E1193). J Clin Oncol 21:588-592, 2003
15. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2335-2342, 2004
16. Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Lang I, et al: Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: Updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status. J Clin Oncol 29:2011-2019, 2011
17. Douillard JY, Siena S, Cassidy J, et al: Randomized, phase III trial of panitumumab with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: The PRIME study. J Clin Oncol 28:4697-4705, 2010
18. Dorn PL, Meriwether A, LeMieux M, et al: Patterns of distant failure and progression in breast cancer: Implications for the treatment of oligometastatic disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:S643- S643, 2011
19. Rusthoven KE, Hammerman SF, Kavanagh BD, et al: Is there a role for consolidative stereotactic body radiation therapy following first-line systemic therapy for metastatic lung cancer? A patterns-offailure analysis. Acta Oncol 48:578-583, 2009
20. Salama JK, Hasselle MD, Chmura SJ, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for multisite extracranial oligometastases: Final report of a dose escalation trial in patients with 1 to 5 sites of metastatic disease. Cancer 118:2962-2970, 2012
21. Milano MT, Philip A, Okunieff P: Analysis of patients with oligometastases undergoing two or more curative-intent stereotactic radiotherapy courses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:832-837, 2009
22. Milano MT, Katz AW, Okunieff P: Patterns of recurrence after curative-intent radiation for oligometastases confined to one organ. Am J Clin Oncol 33:157-163, 2010
23. Yachida S, Jones S, Bozic I, et al: Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature 467:1114-1117, 2010
24. Campbell PJ, Yachida S, Mudie LJ, et al: The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Nature 467:1109- 1113, 2010
25. Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S: Oligometastases revisited. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 8:378-382, 2011
26. Gupta GP, Massagué J: Cancer metastasis: Building a framework. Cell 127:679-695, 2006
27. Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al: Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: A randomised trial. Lancet 366:643- 648, 2005
28. Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al: Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: A randomized trial. JAMA 280:1485-1489, 1998
29. Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, et al: Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: Phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665- 1672, 2004
30. Paulussen M, Ahrens S, Burdach S, et al: Primary metastatic (stage IV) Ewing tumor: Survival analysis of 171 patients from the EICESS studies- European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing sarcoma studies. Ann Oncol 9:275-281, 1998
31. Long-term results of lung metastasectomy: Prognostic analyses based on 5206 cases-The International Registry of Lung Metastases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 113:37-49, 1997
32. Fong Y, Cohen AM, Fortner JG, et al: Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 15:938-946, 1997
33. Tanvetyanon T, Robinson LA, Schell MJ, et al: Outcomes of adrenalectomy for isolated synchronous versus metachronous adrenal metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 26:1142-1147, 2008
34. Wroń ski M, Arbit E, Burt M, et al: Survival after surgical treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer: A follow-up study of 231 patients treated between 1976 and 1991. J Neurosurg 83: 605-616, 1995
35. Pockaj BA, Wasif N, Dueck AC, et al: Metastasectomy and surgical resection of the primary tumor in patients with stage IV breast cancer: Time for a second look? Ann Surg Oncol 17:2419-2426, 2010
36. Yhim HY, Han SW, Oh DY, et al: Prognostic factors for recurrent breast cancer patients with an isolated, limited number of lung metastases and implications for pulmonary metastasectomy. Cancer 116:2890-2901, 2010
37. Ahmed S, Leis A, Fields A, et al: Survival impact of surgical resection of primary tumor in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer: Results from a large population-based cohort study. Cancer 120:683-691, 2014
38. Howard JH, Thompson JF, Mozzillo N, et al: Metastasectomy for distant metastatic melanoma: Analysis of data from the first Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT-I). Ann Surg Oncol 19:2547-2555, 2012
39. Kirkpatrick JP, Kelsey CR, Palta M, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy: A critical review for non-radiation oncologists. Cancer 120:942-954, 2014
40. Haasbeek CJ, Lagerwaard FJ, Slotman BJ, et al: Outcomes of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for centrally located early-stage lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 6:2036-2043, 2011
41. Milano MT, Katz AW, Zhang H, et al: Oligometastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: Long-term follow-up of prospective study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:878-886, 2012
42. Chawla S, Schell MC, Milano MT: Stereotactic body radiation for the spine: A review. Am J Clin Oncol 36:630-636, 2013
43. Hasselle MD, Salama JK, Tye K, et al: Patterns of progression following hypofractionated image-guided radiotherapy (HIGRT) to abdominal lymph nodes in oligometastatic (OM) patients. Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology, San Diego, CA, October 31-November 4, 2010
44. Salama JK, Kirkpatrick JP, Yin FF: Stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment of extracranial metastases. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 9:654-665, 2012
45. Milano MT, Constine LS, Okunieff P: Normal tissue toxicity after small field hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation. Radiat Oncol 3:36, 2008
46. McCammon R, Schefter TE, Gaspar LE, et al: Observation of a dose-control relationship for lung and liver tumors after stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:112-118, 2009
47. Corbin KS, Ranck MC, Hasselle MD, et al: Feasibility and toxicity of hypofractionated imageguided radiotherapy for large volume limited metastatic disease. Pract Radiat Oncol 3:316-322, 2013
48. Rudra S, Malik R, Ranck MC, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for curative treatment of adrenal metastases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 12:217-224, 2013
49. Torok J, Wegner RE, Burton SA, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for adrenal metastases: A retrospective review of a noninvasive therapeutic strategy. Future Oncol 7:145-151, 2011
50. Casamassima F, Livi L, Masciullo S, et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for adrenal gland metastases: University of Florence experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:919-923, 2012
51. Katoh N, Onimaru R, Sakuhara Y, et al: Real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy for adrenal tumors. Radiother Oncol 87:418-424, 2008
52. Holy R, Piroth M, Pinkawa M, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treatment of adrenal gland metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 187:245-251, 2011
53. Chawla S, Chen Y, Katz AW, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for treatment of adrenal metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75:71-75, 2009
54. Scorsetti M, Alongi F, Filippi AR, et al: Longterm local control achieved after hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for adrenal gland metastases: A retrospective analysis of 34 patients. Acta Oncol 51:618-623, 2012
55. Chang DT, Swaminath A, Kozak M, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: A pooled analysis. Cancer 117:4060- 4069, 2011
56. Katz AW, Carey-Sampson M, Muhs AG, et al: Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for limited hepatic metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67:793-798, 2007
57. Lee MT, Kim JJ, Dinniwell R, et al: Phase I study of individualized stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 27:1585-1591, 2009
58. Rusthoven KE, Kavanagh BD, Cardenes H, et al: Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 27:1572-1578, 2009
59. Berber B, Ibarra R, Snyder L, et al: Multicentre results of stereotactic body radiotherapy for secondary liver tumours. HPB (Oxford) [epub ahead of print on January 14, 2013]
60. Norihisa Y, Nagata Y, Takayama K, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic lung tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72:398- 403, 2008
61. Okunieff P, Petersen AL, Philip A, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung metastases. Acta Oncol 45:808-817, 2006
62. Ricardi U, Filippi AR, Guarneri A, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung metastases. Lung Cancer 75:77-81, 2012
63. Zhang Y, Xiao JP, Zhang HZ, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy favors long-term overall survival in patients with lung metastases: Five-year experience of a single-institution. Chin Med J (Engl) 124:4132-4137, 2011
64. Nelson JW, Yoo DS, Sampson JH, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lesions of the spine and paraspinal regions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:1369-1375, 2009
65. Wang XS, Rhines LD, Shiu AS, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for management of spinal metastases in patients without spinal cord compression: A phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 13: 395-402, 2012
66. Yamada Y, Bilsky MH, Lovelock DM, et al: High-dose, single-fraction image-guided intensitymodulated radiotherapy for metastatic spinal lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:484-490, 2008
67. Almaghrabi MY, Supiot S, Paris F, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for abdominal oligometastases: A biological and clinical review. Radiat Oncol 7:126, 2012
68. Bae SH, Kim MS, Cho CK, et al: High dose stereotactic body radiotherapy using three fractions for colorectal oligometastases. J Surg Oncol 106: 138-143, 2012
69. Jereczek-Fossa BA, Fariselli L, Beltramo G, et al: Linac-based or robotic image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy for isolated lymph node recurrent prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 93:14-17, 2009
70. Bignardi M, Navarria P, Mancosu P, et al: Clinical outcome of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for abdominal lymph node metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:831-838, 2011
71. Choi CW, Cho CK, Yoo SY, et al: Imageguided stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with isolated para-aortic lymph node metastases from uterine cervical and corpus cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:147-153, 2009
72. Kim MS, Yoo SY, Cho CK, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for isolated para-aortic lymph node recurrence after curative resection in gastric cancer. J Korean Med Sci 24:488-492, 2009
73. Kim MS, Cho CK, Yang KM, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for isolated paraaortic lymph node recurrence from colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 15:6091-6095, 2009
74. Rusthoven KE, Kavanagh BD, Burri SH, et al: Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung metastases. J Clin Oncol 27:1579-1584, 2009
75. Hof H, Hoess A, Oetzel D, et al: Stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy of lung metastases. Strahlenther Onkol 183:673-678, 2007
76. Gerszten PC, Burton SA, Ozhasoglu C, et al: Radiosurgery for spinal metastases: Clinical experience in 500 cases from a single institution. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32:193-199, 2007
77. Sahgal A, Larson DA, Chang EL: Stereotactic body radiosurgery for spinal metastases: A critical review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:652-665, 2008
78. Ryu S, Fang Yin F, Rock J, et al: Imageguided and intensity-modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis. Cancer 97:2013-2018, 2003
79. Gibbs IC, Kamnerdsupaphon P, Ryu MR, et al: Image-guided robotic radiosurgery for spinal metastases. Radiother Oncol 82:185-190, 2007
80. Blomgren H, Lax I, Näslund I, et al: Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator: Clinical experience of the first thirty-one patients. Acta Oncol 34:861-870, 1995
81. Sahgal A, Weinberg V, Ma L, et al: Probabilities of radiation myelopathy specific to stereotactic body radiation therapy to guide safe practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 85:341-347, 2013
82. Tong CC, Ko EC, Sung MW, et al: Phase II trial of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy for oligometastases. PLoS One 7:e36979, 2012
83. Kao J, Packer S, Vu HL, et al: Phase 1 study of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy followed by maintenance sunitinib for patients with oligometastases: Acute toxicity and preliminary response. Cancer 115:3571-3580, 2009
84. de Vin T, Engels B, Gevaert T, et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastatic cancer: A prognostic model for survival. Ann Oncol 25:467- 471, 2014
85. Cengiz M, Ö zyig? it G, Yazici G, et al: Salvage reirradiaton with stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally recurrent head-and-neck tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:104-109, 2011
86. Rwigema JC, Heron DE, Ferris RL, et al: Fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of previously-irradiated recurrent head and neck carcinoma: Updated report of the University of Pittsburgh experience. Am J Clin Oncol 33:286-293, 2010
87. Roh KW, Jang JS, Kim MS, et al: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy as reirradiation for locally recurrent head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:1348-1355, 2009
88. Unger KR, Lominska CE, Deeken JF, et al: Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for reirradiation of head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77:1411-1419, 2010
89. Siddiqui F, Patel M, Khan M, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary, recurrent, and metastatic tumors in the head-and-neck region. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:1047-1053, 2009
90. Forquer JA, Fakiris AJ, Timmerman RD, et al: Brachial plexopathy from stereotactic body radiotherapy in early-stage NSCLC: Dose-limiting toxicity in apical tumor sites. Radiother Oncol 93:408-413, 2009
91. Milano MT, Chen Y, Katz AW, et al: Central thoracic lesions treated with hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 91: 301-306, 2009
92. Timmerman R, McGarry R, Yiannoutsos C, et al: Excessive toxicity when treating central tumors in a phase II study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for medically inoperable early-stage lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:4833-4839, 2006
93. Chang DT, Schellenberg D, Shen J, et al: Stereotactic radiotherapy for unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer 115:665-672, 2009
94. Hoyer M, Roed H, Traberg Hansen A, et al: Phase II study on stereotactic body radiotherapy of colorectal metastases. Acta Oncol 45:823-830, 2006
95. Sahgal A, Atenafu EG, Chao S, et al: Vertebral compression fracture after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy: A multi-institutional analysis with a focus on radiation dose and the spinal instability neoplastic score. J Clin Oncol 31:3426-3431, 2013
96. Palma DA, Haasbeek CJ, Rodrigues GB, et al: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for comprehensive treatment of oligometastatic tumors (SABRCOMET): Study protocol for a randomized phase II trial. BMC Cancer 12:305, 2012
97. De Ruysscher D, Wanders R, van Baardwijk A, et al: Radical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with synchronous oligometastases: Long-term results of a prospective phase II trial (Nct01282450). J Thorac Oncol 7:1547-1555, 2012
98. van der Pool AE, Mé ndez Romero A, Wunderink W, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 97:377- 382, 2010
99. Kim MS, Yoo SY, Cho CK, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy using three fractions for isolated lung recurrence from colorectal cancer. Oncology 76:212-219, 2009
100. Cheruvu P, Metcalfe SK, Metcalfe J, et al: Comparison of outcomes in patients with stage III versus limited stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol 6:80, 2011
101. Hasselle MD, Haraf DJ, Rusthoven KE, et al: Hypofractionated image-guided radiation therapy for patients with limited volume metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 7:376-381, 2012
102. Khan AJ, Mehta PS, Zusag TW, et al: Long term disease-free survival resulting from combined modality management of patients presenting with oligometastatic, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Radiother Oncol 81:163-167, 2006
103. Milano MT, Zhang H, Metcalfe SK, et al: Oligometastatic breast cancer treated with curativeintent stereotactic body radiation therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 115:601-608, 2009
104. Muacevic A, Kufeld M, Rist C, et al: Safety and feasibility of image-guided robotic radiosurgery for patients with limited bone metastases of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 31:455-460, 2013
105. Jereczek-Fossa BA, Beltramo G, Fariselli L, et al: Robotic image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy, for isolated recurrent primary, lymph node or metastatic prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:889-897, 2012
106. Casamassima F, Masi L, Menichelli C, et al: Efficacy of eradicative radiotherapy for limited nodal metastases detected with choline PET scan in prostate cancer patients. Tumori 97:49-55, 2011
107. Ranck MC, Golden DW, Corbin KS, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 36:589-595, 2013
108. Stinauer MA, Kavanagh BD, Schefter TE, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: Impact of single fraction equivalent dose on local control. Radiat Oncol 6:34, 2011
109. Teh B, Bloch C, Galli-Guevara M, et al: The treatment of primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Biomed Imaging Interv J 3:e6, 2007
110. Wersäll PJ, Blomgren H, Lax I, et al: Extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy for primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 77:88-95, 2005
111. Dhakal S, Corbin KS, Milano MT, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for pulmonary metastases from soft-tissue sarcomas: Excellent local lesion control and improved patient survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:940-945, 2012
112. Treasure T: Oligometastatic cancer: An entity, a useful concept, or a therapeutic opportunity? J R Soc Med 105:242-246, 2012
113. Griffioen GH, Toguri D, Dahele M, et al: Radical treatment of synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Patient outcomes and prognostic factors. Lung Cancer 82:95- 102, 2013
114. Ashworth A, Rodrigues G, Boldt G, et al: Is there an oligometastatic state in non-small cell lung cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Lung Cancer 82:197-203, 2013
115. Weickhardt AJ, Scheier B, Burke JM, et al: Local ablative therapy of oligoprogressive disease prolongs disease control by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in oncogene-addicted non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 7:1807-1814, 2012
116. Gan GN, Weickhardt AJ, Scheier B, et al: Stereotactic radiation therapy can safely and durably control sites of extra-central nervous system oligoprogressive disease in anaplastic lymphoma kinasepositive lung cancer patients receiving crizotinib. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 88:892-898, 2014
117. Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G, et al: Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 357:664-672, 2007
118. Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Nikolic N, et al: Role of radiation therapy in the combined-modality treatment of patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: A randomized study. J Clin Oncol 17:2092-2099, 1999
119. Bonner JA, Eagan RT, Liengswangwong V, et al: Long term results of a phase I/II study of aggressive chemotherapy and sequential upper and lower hemibody radiation for patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer 76:406- 412, 1995
120. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group: Radiation therapy in treating patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT01055197
121. Cheruvu P, Metcalfe SK, Katz AW, et al: Retrospective review of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:S316, 2010
122. Timmerman RD, Bizekis CS, Pass HI, et al: Local surgical, ablative, and radiation treatment of metastases. CA Cancer J Clin 59:145-170, 2009
123. Kuvshinoff B, Fong Y: Surgical therapy of liver metastases. Semin Oncol 34:177-185, 2007
124. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al: Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 230:309-318, 1999; discussion 318-321
125. Brown RE, Bower MR, Martin RC: Hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Surg Clin North Am 90:839-852, 2010
126. Mahmoud N, Bullard Dunn K: Metastasectomy for stage IV colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 53:1080-1092, 2010
127. Al-Asfoor A, Fedorowicz Z, Lodge M: Resection versus no intervention or other surgical interventions for colorectal cancer liver metastases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD006039, 2008
128. Inoue M, Ohta M, Iuchi K, et al: Benefits of surgery for patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 78:238- 244, 2004
129. Elias D, Liberale G, Vernerey D, et al: Hepatic and extrahepatic colorectal metastases: When resectable, their localization does not matter, but their total number has a prognostic effect. Ann Surg Oncol 12:900-909, 2005
130. Kang JK, Kim MS, Kim JH, et al: Oligometastases confined one organ from colorectal cancer treated by SBRT. Clin Exp Metastasis 27:273-278, 2010
131. Metcalfe SK, Cheruvu P, Katz AW, et al: Prospective trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for colorectal oligometastases. Presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Radium Society, Cancun, Mexico, May 1-5, 2010
132. Ranck MC, Golden DW, Corbin KS, et al: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 36:589-595, 2013
133. Fuks Z, Kolesnick R: Engaging the vascular component of the tumor response. Cancer Cell 8:89-91, 2005
134. Garcia-Barros M, Paris F, Cordon-Cardo C, et al: Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis. Science 300:1155-1159, 2003
135. Lee Y, Auh SL, Wang Y, et al: Therapeutic effects of ablative radiation on local tumor require CD8-T cells: Changing strategies for cancer treatment. Blood 114:589-595, 2009
136. Hodi FS, Oday SJ, McDermott DF, et al: Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363:711-723, 2010
137. Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al: Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 366:2443-2454, 2012
138. Samlowski W: Concurrent ipilimumab and stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SART) for oligometastatic but unresectable melanoma. http:// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01565837
139. Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus: Study of radiotherapy administered in combination with ipilimumab in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV advanced malignant melanoma (Mel-Ipi- Rx). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01557114
140. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania: RADVAX: A stratified phase I/II dose escalation trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01497808
141. Burnette BC, Liang H, Lee Y, et al: The efficacy of radiotherapy relies upon induction of type i interferon-dependent innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Res 71:2488-2496, 2011
142. Seung SK, Curti BD, Crittenden M, et al: Phase 1 study of stereotactic body radiotherapy and interleukin-2: Tumor and immunological responses. Sci Transl Med 4:137ra74, 2012
143. Formenti SC, Demaria S: Combining radiotherapy and cancer immunotherapy: A paradigm shift. J Natl Cancer Inst 105:256-265, 2013
144. Demaria S, Ng B, Devitt ML, et al: Ionizing radiation inhibition of distant untreated tumors (abscopal effect) is immune mediated. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:862-870, 2004
145. Formenti S, Friedman K, Chao K, et al: Abscopal response in irradiated patients: Results of a proof of priniciple trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72:S6-S7, 2008
146. Golden EB, Demaria S, Schiff PB, et al: An abscopal response to radiation and ipilimumab in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 1:365-372, 2013
147. Dewan MZ, Galloway AE, Kawashima N, et al: Fractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect when combined with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Clin Cancer Res 15:5379-5388, 2009
148. Postow MA, Callahan MK, Barker CA, et al: Immunologic correlates of the abscopal effect in a patient with melanoma. N Engl J Med 366:925-931, 2012
149. Zhang B, Bowerman NA, Salama JK, et al: Induced sensitization of tumor stroma leads to eradication of established cancer by T cells. J Exp Med 204:49-55, 2007
150. Lewis S, Porceddu S, Nakamura N, et al: Definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for extracranial oligometastases: An international survey of-1000 radiation oncologists. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 87:S605, 2013 (suppl)
151. Solanki AA, Weichselbaum RR, Appelbaum D, et al: The utility of FDG-PET for assessing outcomes in oligometastatic cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy: A cohort study. Radiat Oncol 7:216, 2012
152. Stinauer MA, Diot Q, Westerly DC, et al: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response and normal tissue regeneration after stereotactic body radiotherapy to liver metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:e613-e618, 2012
153. Lussier YA, Khodarev NN, Regan K, et al: Oligo- and polymetastatic progression in lung metastasis (es) patients is associated with specific microRNAs. PLoS One 7:e50141, 2012
154. Lussier YA, Xing HR, Salama JK, et al: MicroRNA expression characterizes oligometastasis (es). PLoS One 6:e28650, 2011