메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1-11

Narcotic Bowel Syndrome and Opioid-Induced Constipation

Author keywords

Alvimopan; Chronic pain mu receptor; Constipation; Hyperalgesia; Lubiprostone; Methylnaltrexone; Naloxegol; Naloxone; Narcotic bowel syndrome; NBS; OIC; Opioid; Opioid abuse; Opioid induced constipation; Oxycodone; Prucalopride; Tapentadol

Indexed keywords

17 METHYLNALTREXONE; ALVIMOPAN; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BEVENOPRAN; BISACODYL; CLONIDINE; DULOXETINE; GABAPENTIN; KETAMINE; LINACLOTIDE; LUBIPROSTONE; MACROGOL 3350; MAGNESIUM; MEMANTINE; MILNACIPRAN; MORPHINE; NALDEMEDINE; NALOXEGOL; NALOXONE PLUS OXYCODONE; OPIATE; OXYCODONE; PLACEBO; PREGABALIN; PRUCALOPRIDE; SORBITOL; TAPENTADOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT;

EID: 84906723752     PISSN: 15228037     EISSN: 1534312X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-014-0410-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 74949083811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study
    • PID: 20083827
    • Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(2):85–92.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 85-92
    • Dunn, K.M.1    Saunders, K.W.2    Rutter, C.M.3
  • 2
    • 84893919872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid overuse pain syndrome (OOPS): the story of opioids, prometheus unbound
    • PID: 24481931
    • Mehendale AW, Goldman MP, Mehendale RP. Opioid overuse pain syndrome (OOPS): the story of opioids, prometheus unbound. J Opioid Manag. 2013;9(6):421–38.
    • (2013) J Opioid Manag , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 421-438
    • Mehendale, A.W.1    Goldman, M.P.2    Mehendale, R.P.3
  • 3
    • 84867015207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid epidemic in the United States
    • Manchikanti L, Helm 2nd S, Fellows B, et al. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Phys. 2012;15(3 Suppl):Es9–Es38.
    • (2012) Pain Phys , vol.15 , Issue.3 Suppl , pp. Es9-Es38
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Helm, S.2    Fellows, B.3
  • 4
    • 0033838705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making pain assessment and management a healthcare system priority through the new JCAHO pain standards
    • Berry PH, Dahl JH. Making pain assessment and management a healthcare system priority through the new JCAHO pain standards. J Pharm Care Pain Symptom Control. 2000;8:5–20.
    • (2000) J Pharm Care Pain Symptom Control , vol.8 , pp. 5-20
    • Berry, P.H.1    Dahl, J.H.2
  • 5
    • 34748903751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The narcotic bowel syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and management
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1yltb3O, quiz 1121–1122. The first comprehensive review of the characteristics, etiology and treatment of narcotic bowel syndrome
    • Grunkemeier DM, Cassara JE, Dalton CB, Drossman DA. The narcotic bowel syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2007;5(10):1126–39. quiz 1121–1122. The first comprehensive review of the characteristics, etiology and treatment of narcotic bowel syndrome.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 1126-1139
    • Grunkemeier, D.M.1    Cassara, J.E.2    Dalton, C.B.3    Drossman, D.A.4
  • 6
    • 68249139039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopharmacologic and behavioral treatments for functional gastrointestinal disorders
    • PID: 19232286, vii-viii
    • Grover M, Drossman DA. Psychopharmacologic and behavioral treatments for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2009;19(1):151–70. vii-viii.
    • (2009) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-170
    • Grover, M.1    Drossman, D.A.2
  • 7
    • 84866073835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis, characterization, and 3-month outcome after detoxification of 39 patients with narcotic bowel syndrome
    • PID: 22710577, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlWqt73K, The first study showing that hospital-based detoxification of patients with narcotic bowel syndrome resulted in reduced pain. Approximately half of the patients reverted to opioid use at 3 months illustrating the need for more intensive post-hospitalization follow-up but the patients who stayed off narcotics showed a greater improvement in pain scores
    • Drossman DA, Morris CB, Edwards H, et al. Diagnosis, characterization, and 3-month outcome after detoxification of 39 patients with narcotic bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(9):1426–40. The first study showing that hospital-based detoxification of patients with narcotic bowel syndrome resulted in reduced pain. Approximately half of the patients reverted to opioid use at 3 months illustrating the need for more intensive post-hospitalization follow-up but the patients who stayed off narcotics showed a greater improvement in pain scores.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , Issue.9 , pp. 1426-1440
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Morris, C.B.2    Edwards, H.3
  • 8
    • 77949290974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced bowel disorders and narcotic bowel syndrome in patients with chronic non-cancer pain
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c3kslCrsw%3D%3D, e496
    • Tuteja AK, Biskupiak J, Stoddard GJ, Lipman AG. Opioid-induced bowel disorders and narcotic bowel syndrome in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc. 2010;22(4):424–30. e496.
    • (2010) Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 424-430
    • Tuteja, A.K.1    Biskupiak, J.2    Stoddard, G.J.3    Lipman, A.G.4
  • 9
    • 66949173732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid bowel dysfunction and narcotic bowel syndrome: a population-based study
    • PID: 19367263, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsVeltbc%3D
    • Choung RS, Locke 3rd GR, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, Talley NJ. Opioid bowel dysfunction and narcotic bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(5):1199–204.
    • (2009) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.104 , Issue.5 , pp. 1199-1204
    • Choung, R.S.1    Locke, G.R.2    Zinsmeister, A.R.3    Schleck, C.D.4    Talley, N.J.5
  • 10
    • 79958195177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When should narcotic bowel syndrome be suspected?
    • O’Lenic KS. When should narcotic bowel syndrome be suspected? US Pharm. 2011;36:41–4.
    • (2011) US Pharm , vol.36 , pp. 41-44
    • O’Lenic, K.S.1
  • 14
    • 81355147127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states—maybe it is all in their head
    • PID: 22094191
    • Phillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states—maybe it is all in their head. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):141–54.
    • (2011) Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-154
    • Phillips, K.1    Clauw, D.J.2
  • 15
    • 84910628962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drossman DA, Szigethy E. Narcotic bowel syndrome: 2014 update. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;in press
    • Drossman DA, Szigethy E. Narcotic bowel syndrome: 2014 update. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;in press.
  • 16
    • 7244226284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for proinflammatory cytokines and fractalkine in analgesia, tolerance, and subsequent pain facilitation induced by chronic intrathecal morphine
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntlGitrk%3D
    • Johnston IN, Milligan ED, Wieseler-Frank J, et al. A role for proinflammatory cytokines and fractalkine in analgesia, tolerance, and subsequent pain facilitation induced by chronic intrathecal morphine. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2004;24(33):7353–65.
    • (2004) J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci , vol.24 , Issue.33 , pp. 7353-7365
    • Johnston, I.N.1    Milligan, E.D.2    Wieseler-Frank, J.3
  • 17
    • 37349118058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced glial activation: mechanisms of activation and implications for opioid analgesia, dependence, and reward
    • Innovative review showing the mechanisms by which central glial cell activation resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is involved in opioid-induced pain. The role of glial modulators to treat neuropathic pain is also discussed
    • Hutchinson MR, Bland ST, Johnson KW, Rice KC, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Opioid-induced glial activation: mechanisms of activation and implications for opioid analgesia, dependence, and reward. Sci World J. 2007;7:98–111. Innovative review showing the mechanisms by which central glial cell activation resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is involved in opioid-induced pain. The role of glial modulators to treat neuropathic pain is also discussed.
    • (2007) Sci World J , vol.7 , pp. 98-111
    • Hutchinson, M.R.1    Bland, S.T.2    Johnson, K.W.3    Rice, K.C.4    Maier, S.F.5    Watkins, L.R.6
  • 18
    • 84876739092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids and the gastrointestinal tract—a case of narcotic bowel syndrome and literature review
    • PID: 23350054
    • Farmer AD, Ferdinand E, Aziz Q. Opioids and the gastrointestinal tract—a case of narcotic bowel syndrome and literature review. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;19(1):94–8.
    • (2013) J Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-98
    • Farmer, A.D.1    Ferdinand, E.2    Aziz, Q.3
  • 19
    • 26244461682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is paradoxical pain induced by sustained opioid exposure an underlying mechanism of opioid antinociceptive tolerance?
    • PID: 16215302, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVyksL%2FF
    • King T, Ossipov MH, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J. Is paradoxical pain induced by sustained opioid exposure an underlying mechanism of opioid antinociceptive tolerance? Neuro-Signals. 2005;14(4):194–205.
    • (2005) Neuro-Signals , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 194-205
    • King, T.1    Ossipov, M.H.2    Vanderah, T.W.3    Porreca, F.4    Lai, J.5
  • 20
    • 0026041886 scopus 로고
    • Hyperalgesia during acute opioid abstinence: evidence for a nociceptive facilitating function of the rostral ventromedial medulla
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXktVSlt7k%3D
    • Kaplan H, Fields HL. Hyperalgesia during acute opioid abstinence: evidence for a nociceptive facilitating function of the rostral ventromedial medulla. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 1991;11(5):1433–9.
    • (1991) J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 1433-1439
    • Kaplan, H.1    Fields, H.L.2
  • 21
    • 0037096409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains, but does not initiate, neuropathic pain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt1Sgsbs%3D
    • Burgess SE, Gardell LR, Ossipov MH, et al. Time-dependent descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains, but does not initiate, neuropathic pain. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2002;22(12):5129–36.
    • (2002) J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 5129-5136
    • Burgess, S.E.1    Gardell, L.R.2    Ossipov, M.H.3
  • 22
    • 84864995393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Ors7%2FK
    • Hutchinson MR, Northcutt AL, Hiranita T, et al. Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2012;32(33):11187–200.
    • (2012) J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci , vol.32 , Issue.33 , pp. 11187-11200
    • Hutchinson, M.R.1    Northcutt, A.L.2    Hiranita, T.3
  • 23
    • 84887121400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is neuroimmunopharmacology crucial for the future of addiction research?
    • PID: 23764149
    • Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR. Why is neuroimmunopharmacology crucial for the future of addiction research? Neuropharmacology. 2014;76 Pt B:218–27.
    • (2014) Neuropharmacology , vol.76 Pt B , pp. 218-227
    • Hutchinson, M.R.1    Watkins, L.R.2
  • 24
    • 29144515469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene transfer of GLT-1, a glutamate transporter, into the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates methamphetamine- and morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats
    • PID: 16324108
    • Fujio M, Nakagawa T, Sekiya Y, et al. Gene transfer of GLT-1, a glutamate transporter, into the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates methamphetamine- and morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2005;22(11):2744–54.
    • (2005) Eur J Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 2744-2754
    • Fujio, M.1    Nakagawa, T.2    Sekiya, Y.3
  • 26
    • 84900345297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of amphipathic dynorphin a analogues to inhibit the neuroexcitatory effects of dynorphin a through bradykinin receptors in the spinal cord
    • PID: 24742335, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmtlygsLk%3D
    • Lee YS, Muthu D, Hall SM, et al. Discovery of amphipathic dynorphin a analogues to inhibit the neuroexcitatory effects of dynorphin a through bradykinin receptors in the spinal cord. J Am Chem Soc. 2014;136(18):6608–16.
    • (2014) J Am Chem Soc , vol.136 , Issue.18 , pp. 6608-6616
    • Lee, Y.S.1    Muthu, D.2    Hall, S.M.3
  • 27
    • 12144265144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance
    • Xie JY, Herman DS, Stiller CO, et al. Cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2005;25(2):409–16.
    • (2005) J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 409-416
    • Xie, J.Y.1    Herman, D.S.2    Stiller, C.O.3
  • 28
    • 84875001499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsomedial hypothalamus mediates stress-induced hyperalgesia and is the source of the pronociceptive peptide cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla
    • PID: 23415792, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlsFersrs%3D
    • Wagner KM, Roeder Z, Desrochers K, Buhler AV, Heinricher MM, Cleary DR. The dorsomedial hypothalamus mediates stress-induced hyperalgesia and is the source of the pronociceptive peptide cholecystokinin in the rostral ventromedial medulla. Neuroscience. 2013;238:29–38.
    • (2013) Neuroscience , vol.238 , pp. 29-38
    • Wagner, K.M.1    Roeder, Z.2    Desrochers, K.3    Buhler, A.V.4    Heinricher, M.M.5    Cleary, D.R.6
  • 29
    • 84903815373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of narcotic bowel syndrome, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol:
    • Kurlander JE, Drossman DA. Diagnosis and treatment of narcotic bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014.
    • (2014) Drossman DA
    • Kurlander, J.E.1
  • 30
    • 77954908389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacological treatment of opioid addiction—a clinical perspective
    • PID: 20169438, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtFWqt7o%3D
    • Lobmaier P, Gossop M, Waal H, Bramness J. The pharmacological treatment of opioid addiction—a clinical perspective. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;66(6):537–45.
    • (2010) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 537-545
    • Lobmaier, P.1    Gossop, M.2    Waal, H.3    Bramness, J.4
  • 32
    • 64549119680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpsFCgsrs%3D
    • Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Rezaie A, Abdollahi M. Efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol WJG. 2009;15(13):1548–53.
    • (2009) World J Gastroenterol WJG , vol.15 , Issue.13 , pp. 1548-1553
    • Rahimi, R.1    Nikfar, S.2    Rezaie, A.3    Abdollahi, M.4
  • 33
    • 77952883464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that tricyclic small molecules may possess toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation protein 2 activity
    • PID: 20381591, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtFCiu78%3D, A study in mice showing that tricyclic antidepressants selectively modulate Toll-like receptors involved in the pain and may enhance the analgesic efficacy of opioids
    • Hutchinson MR, Loram LC, Zhang Y, et al. Evidence that tricyclic small molecules may possess toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation protein 2 activity. Neuroscience. 2010;168(2):551–63. A study in mice showing that tricyclic antidepressants selectively modulate Toll-like receptors involved in the pain and may enhance the analgesic efficacy of opioids.
    • (2010) Neuroscience , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 551-563
    • Hutchinson, M.R.1    Loram, L.C.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 34
    • 77952328473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duloxetine: a review of its pharmacology and use in chronic pain management
    • PID: 20921842, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotVWitrY%3D
    • Bellingham GA, Peng PW. Duloxetine: a review of its pharmacology and use in chronic pain management. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(3):294–303.
    • (2010) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 294-303
    • Bellingham, G.A.1    Peng, P.W.2
  • 35
    • 36148976489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milnacipran attenuates hyperalgesia and potentiates antihyperalgesic effect of tramadol in rats with mononeuropathic pain
    • PID: 17854875
    • Onal A, Parlar A, Ulker S. Milnacipran attenuates hyperalgesia and potentiates antihyperalgesic effect of tramadol in rats with mononeuropathic pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007;88(2):171–8.
    • (2007) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-178
    • Onal, A.1    Parlar, A.2    Ulker, S.3
  • 36
    • 78651468374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid utilization and health-care costs among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain treated with duloxetine vs. other therapies
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCqt77I
    • Wu N, Chen SY, Hallett LA, et al. Opioid utilization and health-care costs among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain treated with duloxetine vs. other therapies. Pain Pract Off J World Inst Pain. 2011;11(1):48–56.
    • (2011) Pain Pract Off J World Inst Pain , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-56
    • Wu, N.1    Chen, S.Y.2    Hallett, L.A.3
  • 37
    • 84888626630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-world treatment patterns and opioid use in chronic low back pain patients initiating duloxetine versus standard of care
    • PID: 24379695
    • Andrews JS, Wu N, Chen SY, Yu X, Peng X, Novick D. Real-world treatment patterns and opioid use in chronic low back pain patients initiating duloxetine versus standard of care. J Pain Res. 2013;6:825–35.
    • (2013) J Pain Res , vol.6 , pp. 825-835
    • Andrews, J.S.1    Wu, N.2    Chen, S.Y.3    Yu, X.4    Peng, X.5    Novick, D.6
  • 38
    • 0037461323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • PID: 12707429, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7ovVKiuw%3D%3D
    • Dworkin RH, Corbin AE, Young Jr JP, et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2003;60(8):1274–83.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 1274-1283
    • Dworkin, R.H.1    Corbin, A.E.2    Young, J.P.3
  • 39
    • 27744603267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gabapentin reduces rectal mechanosensitivity and increases rectal compliance in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
    • PID: 16268973, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlWntrrP
    • Lee KJ, Kim JH, Cho SW. Gabapentin reduces rectal mechanosensitivity and increases rectal compliance in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(10):981–8.
    • (2005) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 981-988
    • Lee, K.J.1    Kim, J.H.2    Cho, S.W.3
  • 40
    • 36348998728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of anxiety and depression on improvements in pain in a randomized, controlled trial of pregabalin for treatment of fibromyalgia
    • Arnold LM, Crofford LJ, Martin SA, Young JP, Sharma U. The effect of anxiety and depression on improvements in pain in a randomized, controlled trial of pregabalin for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain Med (Malden, Mass). 2007;8(8):633–8.
    • (2007) Pain Med (Malden, Mass) , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 633-638
    • Arnold, L.M.1    Crofford, L.J.2    Martin, S.A.3    Young, J.P.4    Sharma, U.5
  • 41
    • 49649095341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 14-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVens7bI
    • Arnold LM, Russell IJ, Diri EW, et al. A 14-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia. J Pain Off J Am Pain Soc. 2008;9(9):792–805.
    • (2008) J Pain Off J Am Pain Soc , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 792-805
    • Arnold, L.M.1    Russell, I.J.2    Diri, E.W.3
  • 42
    • 84863779196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic pregabalin attenuates sensorimotor responses and medullary glutamate release in inflammatory tooth pain model
    • PID: 22609939, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVSls7nE
    • Narita N, Kumar N, Cherkas PS, et al. Systemic pregabalin attenuates sensorimotor responses and medullary glutamate release in inflammatory tooth pain model. Neuroscience. 2012;218:359–66.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.218 , pp. 359-366
    • Narita, N.1    Kumar, N.2    Cherkas, P.S.3
  • 43
    • 84894321815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregabalin rectifies aberrant brain chemistry, connectivity, and functional response in chronic pain patients
    • PID: 24343290, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjt1Cqsg%3D%3D
    • Harris RE, Napadow V, Huggins JP, et al. Pregabalin rectifies aberrant brain chemistry, connectivity, and functional response in chronic pain patients. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(6):1453–64.
    • (2013) Anesthesiology , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 1453-1464
    • Harris, R.E.1    Napadow, V.2    Huggins, J.P.3
  • 44
    • 53449085740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound pain reduction after induction of memantine treatment in two patients with severe phantom limb pain
    • PID: 18806054
    • Hackworth RJ, Tokarz KA, Fowler IM, Wallace SC, Stedje-Larsen ET. Profound pain reduction after induction of memantine treatment in two patients with severe phantom limb pain. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(4):1377–9.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 1377-1379
    • Hackworth, R.J.1    Tokarz, K.A.2    Fowler, I.M.3    Wallace, S.C.4    Stedje-Larsen, E.T.5
  • 45
    • 53449101070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low dose ketamine and memantine treatment for pain in an opioid-tolerant oncology patient
    • PID: 18806055
    • Grande LA, O’Donnell BR, Fitzgibbon DR, Terman GW. Ultra-low dose ketamine and memantine treatment for pain in an opioid-tolerant oncology patient. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(4):1380–3.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 1380-1383
    • Grande, L.A.1    O’Donnell, B.R.2    Fitzgibbon, D.R.3    Terman, G.W.4
  • 46
    • 84873845304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central pain mechanisms in the rheumatic diseases: future directions
    • PID: 23045168
    • Phillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in the rheumatic diseases: future directions. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(2):291–302.
    • (2013) Arthritis Rheum , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-302
    • Phillips, K.1    Clauw, D.J.2
  • 47
    • 84874578434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological treatments in functional gastrointestinal disorders: a primer for the gastroenterologist
    • quiz e222-203
    • Palsson OS, Whitehead WE. Psychological treatments in functional gastrointestinal disorders: a primer for the gastroenterologist. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc. 2013;11(3):208–16. quiz e222-203.
    • (2013) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol Off Clin Pract J Am Gastroenterol Assoc , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 208-216
    • Palsson, O.S.1    Whitehead, W.E.2
  • 48
    • 84903160912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Szigethy E, Bujoreanu SI, Youk A, et al. Randomized efficacy trial of two psychotherapies for depression in youth with inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Acad Child Adolesc. 2014;in press
    • Szigethy E, Bujoreanu SI, Youk A, et al. Randomized efficacy trial of two psychotherapies for depression in youth with inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Acad Child Adolesc. 2014;in press.
  • 49
    • 44949185318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hypnosis on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis
    • PID: 18510607
    • Mawdsley JE, Jenkins DG, Macey MG, Langmead L, Rampton DS. The effect of hypnosis on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(6):1460–9.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 1460-1469
    • Mawdsley, J.E.1    Jenkins, D.G.2    Macey, M.G.3    Langmead, L.4    Rampton, D.S.5
  • 50
    • 84875805495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconditioning the stress response with hypnosis CD reduces the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and influences resilience: a pilot study
    • PID: 23561065
    • Schoen M, Nowack K. Reconditioning the stress response with hypnosis CD reduces the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and influences resilience: a pilot study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013;19(2):83–8.
    • (2013) Complement Ther Clin Pract , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-88
    • Schoen, M.1    Nowack, K.2
  • 51
    • 84910608752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Camilleri M, Drossman DA, Becker G, Webster LR, Davies AN, Mawe GM. Unmet needs in opioid induced constipation. Neurogastroenter Motil, 2014, in press
    • Camilleri M, Drossman DA, Becker G, Webster LR, Davies AN, Mawe GM. Unmet needs in opioid induced constipation. Neurogastroenter Motil, 2014, in press.
  • 52
    • 74949083811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid precriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study
    • PID: 20083827
    • Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Opioid precriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study. Ann Int Med. 2010;152(2):85–92.
    • (2010) Ann Int Med , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 85-92
    • Dunn, K.M.1    Saunders, K.W.2    Rutter, C.M.3
  • 53
    • 9244233833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety
    • PID: 15561393, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVSrtLvJ
    • Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore, et al. Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain. 2004;112(3):372–80.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 372-380
    • Kalso, E.1    Edwards, J.E.2    Moore3
  • 54
    • 43649086220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opiod complications and side effects
    • Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, et al. Opiod complications and side effects. Pain Phys. 2008;11(2 Suppl):S105–20.
    • (2008) Pain Phys , vol.11 , Issue.2 Suppl , pp. S105-S120
    • Benyamin, R.1    Trescot, A.M.2    Datta, S.3
  • 55
    • 79955578050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced constipation: challenges and therapeutic opportunities
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlsFKnt70%3D
    • Camilleri M. Opioid-induced constipation: challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Am J Gastro. 2011;106(5):835–42.
    • (2011) Am J Gastro , vol.106 , Issue.5 , pp. 835-842
    • Camilleri, M.1
  • 56
    • 2342594524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids and opioid receptors in the enteric nervous system: from a problem in opioid analgesia to a possible new prokinetic therapy in humans
    • PID: 15135926, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVGks78%3D
    • Holzer P. Opioids and opioid receptors in the enteric nervous system: from a problem in opioid analgesia to a possible new prokinetic therapy in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2004;361(1–3):192–5.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.361 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 192-195
    • Holzer, P.1
  • 57
    • 84861097307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-institutional study analyzing effect of prophylactic medication for prevention of opioid-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction
    • PID: 22156893, A large retrospective study in patients with cancer pain. The study showed that prophylactic use of osmotic laxatives decreased constipation by almost half, although early antiemetic use did not decrease nausea
    • Ishihara M, Ikesue H, Matsunaga H, et al. A multi-institutional study analyzing effect of prophylactic medication for prevention of opioid-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction. Clin J Pain. 2012;28(5):373–81. A large retrospective study in patients with cancer pain. The study showed that prophylactic use of osmotic laxatives decreased constipation by almost half, although early antiemetic use did not decrease nausea.
    • (2012) Clin J Pain , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 373-381
    • Ishihara, M.1    Ikesue, H.2    Matsunaga, H.3
  • 58
    • 77951826659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of opioid side effects by prophylactic measures of palliative care team may result in improved quality of life
    • PID: 20384500
    • Myotoku M, Nakanashi A, Kanematsu M, et al. Reduction of opioid side effects by prophylactic measures of palliative care team may result in improved quality of life. J Palliat Med. 2010;13(4):401–6.
    • (2010) J Palliat Med , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-406
    • Myotoku, M.1    Nakanashi, A.2    Kanematsu, M.3
  • 59
    • 34250897567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol laxative for chronic treatment of chronic constipation
    • PID: 17403074, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXoslGltL4%3D
    • Dipalma JA, Cleveland MV, McGowan J, Herrera JL. A randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol laxative for chronic treatment of chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(7):1436–41.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , Issue.7 , pp. 1436-1441
    • Dipalma, J.A.1    Cleveland, M.V.2    McGowan, J.3    Herrera, J.L.4
  • 60
    • 37849024665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation
    • PID: 17916109, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVyjt7g%3D
    • Johanson JF, Morton D, Geenen J, Ueno R. Multicenter, 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lubiprostone, a locally-acting type-2 chloride channel activator, in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(1):170–7.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 170-177
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Morton, D.2    Geenen, J.3    Ueno, R.4
  • 61
    • 58149103805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: lubiprostone in patients with constipation-associated irritable bowel syndrome—results of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies
    • PID: 19006537, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M%2FlvFSntw%3D%3D
    • Drossman DA, Chey WD, Johanson JF, Fass R, Scott C, Panas R, et al. Clinical trial: lubiprostone in patients with constipation-associated irritable bowel syndrome—results of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(3):329–41.
    • (2009) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-341
    • Drossman, D.A.1    Chey, W.D.2    Johanson, J.F.3    Fass, R.4    Scott, C.5    Panas, R.6
  • 62
    • 84911991195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryer B, Katz S, Vallejo R, Popescu A, Ueno R. A randomized study of lubiprostone for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain. Pain Med. 2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Cryer B, Katz S, Vallejo R, Popescu A, Ueno R. A randomized study of lubiprostone for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain. Pain Med. 2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 63
    • 79551599018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (study SB-767905/013) of alvimopan for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in patients with non-cancer pain
    • PID: 21292168, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhslOnsL4%3D
    • Irving G, Penzes J, Ramjattan B, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (study SB-767905/013) of alvimopan for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in patients with non-cancer pain. J Pain. 2011;12(2):175–84.
    • (2011) J Pain , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-184
    • Irving, G.1    Penzes, J.2    Ramjattan, B.3
  • 64
    • 79551575909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (Study SB-767905/012) of alvimopan for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in patients with non-cancer pain
    • PID: 21292169, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhslOnsLw%3D
    • Jansen J-P, Lorch D, Langan, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (Study SB-767905/012) of alvimopan for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction in patients with non-cancer pain. The Journal of Pain. 2011;12(2):185–93.
    • (2011) The Journal of Pain , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-193
    • Jansen, J.-P.1    Lorch, D.2    Langan3
  • 65
    • 84885477508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pharmacological therapies for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • PID: 23752879, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsF2gt7bM, An up to date meta-analysis of the clinical trials data on methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, and oxycodone/naloxone. A systematic review of other medical therapies is included
    • Ford AC, Brenner DM, Schoenfeld PS. Efficacy of pharmacological therapies for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(10):1566–74. An up to date meta-analysis of the clinical trials data on methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, and oxycodone/naloxone. A systematic review of other medical therapies is included.
    • (2013) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , Issue.10 , pp. 1566-1574
    • Ford, A.C.1    Brenner, D.M.2    Schoenfeld, P.S.3
  • 66
    • 79955597302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain: a randomized controlled study
    • PID: 21429809, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlslyksbc%3D
    • Michna E, Blonsky ER, Schulman S, et al. Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain: a randomized controlled study. J Pain. 2011;12(5):554–62.
    • (2011) J Pain , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 554-562
    • Michna, E.1    Blonsky, E.R.2    Schulman, S.3
  • 67
    • 84885476980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain
    • Rauck RL, Peppin JP, Israel RJ, et al. Oral methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(5, Supp1):S160.
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142 , Issue.5, Supp1 , pp. S160
    • Rauck, R.L.1    Peppin, J.P.2    Israel, R.J.3
  • 68
    • 62149094353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol immediate release and oxycodone HCl immediate release in patients awaiting primary joint replacement surgery for end-stage joint disease: a 10-day, phase III, randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled study
    • PID: 19302899, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkvVCru7s%3D
    • Hartrick C, Van Hove I, Stegmann J-U, Oh C, Upmalis D. Efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol immediate release and oxycodone HCl immediate release in patients awaiting primary joint replacement surgery for end-stage joint disease: a 10-day, phase III, randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2009;31(2):260–71.
    • (2009) Clin Ther , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-271
    • Hartrick, C.1    Van Hove, I.2    Stegmann, J.-U.3    Oh, C.4    Upmalis, D.5
  • 69
    • 84891336693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tapentadol prolonged release versus strong opioids for severe, chronic low back pain: results of an open-label, phase 3b study
    • PID: 23475406
    • Gálvez R, Schäfer M, Hans G, Falke D, Steigerwald I. Tapentadol prolonged release versus strong opioids for severe, chronic low back pain: results of an open-label, phase 3b study. Adv Ther. 2013;30(3):229–59.
    • (2013) Adv Ther , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-259
    • Gálvez, R.1    Schäfer, M.2    Hans, G.3    Falke, D.4    Steigerwald, I.5
  • 70
    • 79958201835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparable efficacy and superior gastrointestinal tolerability (nausea, vomiting, constipation) of tapentadol compared with oxycodone hydrochloride
    • PID: 21494892, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXntFKnsrg%3D
    • Etropolski M, Kelly K, Okamoto A, Rauschkolb C. Comparable efficacy and superior gastrointestinal tolerability (nausea, vomiting, constipation) of tapentadol compared with oxycodone hydrochloride. Adv Ther. 2011;28(5):401–17.
    • (2011) Adv Ther , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 401-417
    • Etropolski, M.1    Kelly, K.2    Okamoto, A.3    Rauschkolb, C.4
  • 71
    • 65649126026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone improves bowel function in patients receiving opioids for moderate-to-severe non-malignant chronic pain: a randomised controlled trial
    • PID: 19243306, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3gslylsQ%3D%3D
    • Lowenstein O, Leyendecker P, Hopp M, et al. Combined prolonged-release oxycodone and naloxone improves bowel function in patients receiving opioids for moderate-to-severe non-malignant chronic pain: a randomised controlled trial. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10(4):531–43.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-543
    • Lowenstein, O.1    Leyendecker, P.2    Hopp, M.3
  • 72
    • 58149178876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial with prolonged-release oral oxycodone and naloxone to prevent and reverse opioid-induced constipation
    • PID: 18762438, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjvFOjuw%3D%3D
    • Meissner W, Leyendecker P, Mueller-Lissner S, et al. A randomised controlled trial with prolonged-release oral oxycodone and naloxone to prevent and reverse opioid-induced constipation. Eur J Pain. 2009;13(1):56–64.
    • (2009) Eur J Pain , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-64
    • Meissner, W.1    Leyendecker, P.2    Mueller-Lissner, S.3
  • 73
    • 62349085314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed-ratio combination oxycodone/naloxone compared with oxycodone alone for the relief of opioid-induced constipation in moderate-to-severe noncancer pain
    • PID: 19032132, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1Ggur8%3D
    • Simpson K, Leyendecker P, Hopp M, et al. Fixed-ratio combination oxycodone/naloxone compared with oxycodone alone for the relief of opioid-induced constipation in moderate-to-severe noncancer pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(12):3503–12.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , Issue.12 , pp. 3503-3512
    • Simpson, K.1    Leyendecker, P.2    Hopp, M.3
  • 74
    • 84902589936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chey WD, Webster L, Sostek M, Lappalainen J, Barker PN, Tack J. Naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Chey WD, Webster L, Sostek M, Lappalainen J, Barker PN, Tack J. Naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]
  • 75
    • 44349130441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation
    • PID: 18509121, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsVKgsb0%3D
    • Camilleri M, Kerstens R, Rykx A, Vandeplassche L. A placebo-controlled trial of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(22):2344–54.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , Issue.22 , pp. 2344-2354
    • Camilleri, M.1    Kerstens, R.2    Rykx, A.3    Vandeplassche, L.4
  • 76
    • 0035121508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prucalopride accelerates gastrointestinal and colonic transit in patients with constipation without a rectal evacuation disorder
    • PID: 11159875, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtlKltL4%3D
    • Bouras EP, Camilleri M, Burton DD, Thomforde G, McKinzie S, Zinsmeister AR. Prucalopride accelerates gastrointestinal and colonic transit in patients with constipation without a rectal evacuation disorder. Gastroenterology. 2001;120(2):354–60.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120 , Issue.2 , pp. 354-360
    • Bouras, E.P.1    Camilleri, M.2    Burton, D.D.3    Thomforde, G.4    McKinzie, S.5    Zinsmeister, A.R.6
  • 77
    • 77957924970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in patients with chronic noncancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation
    • PID: 20428949, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtF2lurjP
    • Sloots CE, Rykx A, Cools M, Kerstens R, De Pauw M. Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in patients with chronic noncancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(10):2912–21.
    • (2010) Dig Dis Sci , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 2912-2921
    • Sloots, C.E.1    Rykx, A.2    Cools, M.3    Kerstens, R.4    De Pauw, M.5
  • 79
    • 80555148888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers—United States, 1999--2008
    • Governmental report quantifies the marked increase in US opioid prescribing over the past decade and the resulting toll of morbidity and mortality
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers—United States, 1999--2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(43):1487–92. Governmental report quantifies the marked increase in US opioid prescribing over the past decade and the resulting toll of morbidity and mortality.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.60 , Issue.43 , pp. 1487-1492
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
  • 81
    • 73449147044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid use for chronic low back pain: a prospective, population-based study among injured workers in Washington state, 2002–2005
    • PID: 19851153
    • Franklin GM, Rahman EA, Turner JA, Daniell WE, Fulton-Kehoe D. Opioid use for chronic low back pain: a prospective, population-based study among injured workers in Washington state, 2002–2005. Clin J Pain. 2009;25(9):743–51.
    • (2009) Clin J Pain , vol.25 , Issue.9 , pp. 743-751
    • Franklin, G.M.1    Rahman, E.A.2    Turner, J.A.3    Daniell, W.E.4    Fulton-Kehoe, D.5
  • 82
    • 38149119083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early opioid prescription and subsequent disability among workers with back injuries: the Disability Risk Identification Study Cohort
    • PID: 18197107
    • Franklin GM, Stover BD, Turner, et al. Early opioid prescription and subsequent disability among workers with back injuries: the Disability Risk Identification Study Cohort. Spine. 2008;33(2):199–204.
    • (2008) Spine , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-204
    • Franklin, G.M.1    Stover, B.D.2    Turner3
  • 83
    • 84866122837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious infection and mortality in patients with Crohn’s disease: more than 5 years of follow-up in the TREAT™ registry
    • PID: 22890223, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlWqt7zI
    • Lichtenstein GR, Feagan BG, Cohen RD, et al. Serious infection and mortality in patients with Crohn’s disease: more than 5 years of follow-up in the TREAT™ registry. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(9):1409–22.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , Issue.9 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Lichtenstein, G.R.1    Feagan, B.G.2    Cohen, R.D.3
  • 84
    • 84868132599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of higher-dose opioid medication use for low back pain in primary care
    • PID: 23117108
    • Kobus AM, Smith DH, Morasco BJ, Johnson ES, Yang X, Petrik AF, et al. Correlates of higher-dose opioid medication use for low back pain in primary care. J Pain. 2012;13(11):1131–8.
    • (2012) J Pain , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 1131-1138
    • Kobus, A.M.1    Smith, D.H.2    Morasco, B.J.3    Johnson, E.S.4    Yang, X.5    Petrik, A.F.6
  • 85
    • 77950486825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will this patient develop disabling low back pain?
    • PID: 20371789, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXksFels78%3D
    • Chou R, Shekelle P. Will this patient develop disabling low back pain? JAMA. 2010;303(13):1295–1302.87.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , Issue.13 , pp. 1295-1302
    • Chou, R.1    Shekelle, P.2
  • 86
    • 34250804939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use disorders in a primary care sample receiving daily opioid therapy
    • PID: 17499555, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntFyhur0%3D
    • Fleming MF, Balousek SL, Klessig CL, Mundt MP, Brown DD. Substance use disorders in a primary care sample receiving daily opioid therapy. J Pain. 2007;8(7):573–82.
    • (2007) J Pain , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 573-582
    • Fleming, M.F.1    Balousek, S.L.2    Klessig, C.L.3    Mundt, M.P.4    Brown, D.D.5
  • 87
    • 80255131287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial
    • PID: 21963002
    • Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1560–71.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , Issue.9802 , pp. 1560-1571
    • Hill, J.C.1    Whitehurst, D.G.2    Lewis, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.