Structuration, selective dispersion and compatibilizing effect of (nano)fillers in polymer blends

Progress in Polymer Science

Volumn 39, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1526-1563

  Taguet, A ^a   Cassagnau, P ^b   Lopez Cuesta, J M ^a  

^a ECOLE DES MINES D ALÈS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

Author keywords

Compatibilization; Kinetics effects; Nanoparticles; Polymer blends; Thermodynamics effects; Wettability

Indexed keywords

NANOPARTICLES; POLYMER BLENDS; WETTING;

KINETICS EFFECTS; STRUCTURATION; THERMODYNAMICS EFFECTS;

COMPATIBILIZERS;

EID: 84906697060     PISSN: 00796700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.04.002     Document Type: Review

References (265)

1. Baer M, Hankey EH. Compatible belnds of rigid vinyl chloride and alpha-olefin polymers containing compatibilizing amounts of a halogenated polyolefin. US Pat 3085082. Monsanto Chemical Co.; 1963. 5 p.
2. Baer M, Hankey EH. Vinyl chloride polymers containing elastomers and graft copolymer as compatibilizer. US Pat 3316327. Monsanto Co.; 1967. 4 p.
3. E.W. Duck, and P.W. Milner Blends of polybutadiene with vinyl polymers Proc Int Rubber Conf 5th 1968 359 376
4. J.S. Noland, N.N.C. Hsu, R. Saxon, and J.M. Schmitt Compatible high polymers. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends with homopolymers of methyl and ethyl methacrylate Adv Chem Ser 99 1971 15 28
5. T.K. Kwei, T. Nishi, and R.F. Roberts A study of compatible polymer mixtures Macromolecules 7 1974 667 674
6. A.J. Yu Concept of compatibility in polyblends Adv Chem 99 1971 2 14
7. N.G. Gaylord Compatibilization concepts in polymer applications Adv Chem 142 1975 76 84
8. Y.S. Lipatov Interphase phenomena in polymer blends J Polym Sci Polym Symp 61 1977 369 388
9. S. Krause Polymer-polymer compatibility D.R. Paul, S. Newman, Polymer blends vol. 1 1978 Academic Press New York 15 113
10. D.R. Paul Interfacial agents ("compatibilizers") for polymer blends D.R. Paul, S. Newman, Polymer blends vol. 2 1978 Academic Press New York 35 62
11. C. Koning, M. van Duin, C. Pagnouille, and R. Jerome Strategies for compatibilization polymer blends Prog Polym Sci 23 1998 707 757
12. S.B. Brown Reactive compatibilization of polymer blends L.A. Utracki, Polymer blends handbook vol 1. 2002 Klumer Academic Dordecht 339 416
13. R. Sonnier, A. Taguet, and S. Rouif Modification of polymer blends by E-beam and Gamma-irradiation V. Mital, Functional polymer blends 2012 CRC Press Boca Raton 261 304
14. Y. Lipatov Polymer blends and interpenetrating polymer networks at the interface with solids Prog Polym Sci 27 2002 1721 1801
15. M. Alexandre, and P. Dubois Polyler-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of new class of materials Mater Sci Eng 28 2000 1 63
16. E.P. Giannelis, R. Krishnamoorti, and E. Manias Polymer-silicate nanocomposites: model systems for confined polymers and polymer brushes Adv Polym 138 1999 107 147
17. S. Pavlidou, and C.D. Papaspyrides A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites Prog Polym Sci 33 2008 1119 1198
18. S. Sinha Ray, and M. Okamoto Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing Prog Polym Sci 28 2003 1539 1641
19. V.V. Ginzburg Nanoparticles/polymer blends: theory and modeling A.I. Isayev, Encyclopedia of polymer blends 2007 Wiley-VCH Weinheim 233 267
20. L.A. Utracki Compatibilization of polymer blends Can J Chem Eng 80 2002 1008 1016
21. A.E. Nesterov, and Y.S. Lipatov Compatibilizing effect of a filler in binary polymer mixtures Polymer 40 1999 1347 1349
22. O.J. Gritsenko, and A.E. Nesterov Segmental adsorption energy and phase behaviour of filled polymer blends Eur Polym J 27 1991 455 459
23. I.S. Lipatov, and A.E. Nesterov Effect of filler concentration on the phase separation poly(methyl methacrylate) mixtures Polym Eng Sci 32 1992 1261 1263
24. A. Nesterov Effect of an interface with solid on the component distribution in separated phases of binary polymer mixtures Eur Polym J 37 2001 281 285
25. Y. Lipatov Effect of polymer-filler surface interactions on the phase separation in polymer blends Polymer 43 2002 875 880
26. Y. Lipatov Phase separation in filled polymer blends J Macromol Sci Part B 45 2006 871 888
27. V.V. Ginzburg Influence of nanoparticles on miscibility of polymer blends. A simple theory Macromolecules 38 2005 2362 2367
28. G. He, V.V. Ginzburg, and A.C. Balazs Determining the phase behavior of nanoparticle-filled binary blends J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44 2006 2389 2403
29. Y. Huang, S. Jiang, G. Li, and D. Chen Effect of fillers on the phase stability of binary polymer blends: a dynamic shear rheology study Acta Mater 53 2005 5117 5124
30. M. Du, Q. Wu, M. Zuo, and Q. Zheng Filler effects on the phase separation behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) binary polymer blends Eur Polym J 49 2013 2721 2729
31. V.F. Shumsky, I. Getmanchuk, T. Ignatova, Y. Maslak, P. Cassagnau, G. Boiteux, and F. Melis Effect of nanofillers on the phase separation and rheological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends Rheol Acta 49 2010 827 836
32. J. Gao, C. Huang, N. Wang, W. Yu, and C. Zhou Phase separation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends in the presence of silica nanoparticles Polymer 53 2012 1772 1782
33. W. Li, R.M.A. l'Abee, and J.G.P. Goossens The control of silica nanoparticles on the phase separation of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends Macromol Chem Phys 214 2013 2705 2715
34. C. Huang, J. Gao, W. Yu, and C. Zhou Phase separation of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends with controlled distribution of silica nanoparticles Macromolecules 45 2012 8420 8429
35. H.J. Chung, J. Kim, K. Ohno, and R.J. Composto Controlling the location of nanoparticles in polymer blends by tuning the length and end group of polymer brushes ACS Macro Lett 1 2012 252 256
36. K. Yurekli, A. Karim, E.J. Amis, and R. Krishnamoorti Influence of layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of PS-PVME blends Macromolecules 36 2003 7256 7267
37. K. Yurekli, A. Karim, E.J. Amis, and R. Krishnamoorti Phase behavior of PS-PVME nanocomposites Macromolecules 37 2004 507 515
38. A. Gharachorlou, and F. Goharpey Rheologically determined phase behavior of LCST blends in the presence of spherical nanoparticles Macromolecules 41 2008 3276 3283
39. T. Xia, Y. Huang, X. Peng, and G. Li Morphological transition induced by nanoparticles in dynamically asymmetric PS/PVME blends Macromol Chem Phys 211 2010 2240 2247
40. M. Sumita, K. Sakata, S. Asai, K. Miyasaka, and H. Nakagawa Dispersion of fillers and the electrical conductivity of polymer blends filled with carbon black Polym Test 25 1991 265 271
41. F. Fenouillot, P. Cassagnau, and J.C. Majesté Uneven distribution of nanoparticles in immiscible fluids: morphology development in polymer blends Polymer 50 2009 1333 1350
42. S. Wu Polymer interface and adhesion 1982 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York/Basel 630pp
43. S. Wu Formation of dispersed phase in incompatible polymer interfacial and rheological effects Polym Eng Sci 27 1987 335 343
44. D.K. Owens, and R.C. Wendt Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers J Appl Polym Sci 13 1969 1741 1747
45. A.W. Adamson, and A.P. Gast Physical chemistry of surfaces 1997 John Wiley & Sons New York 808 p.
46. S. Ross, and I.D. Morrison Colloidal systems and interfaces 1988 John Wiley & Sons New York 448 p.
47. M.R. Kamal, J.U. Calderon, and B.R. Lennox Surface energy of modified nanoclays and its effect on polymer/clay nanocomposites J Adhes Sci Technol 23 2009 663 688
48. P. Xing, M. Bousmina, D. Rodrigue, and M.R. Kamal Critical experimental comparison between five techniques for the determination of interfacial tension in polymer blends: model system of polystyrene/polyamide-6 Macromolecules 33 2000 8020 8034
49. S. Nuriel, L. Liu, A.H. Barber, and H.D. Wagner Direct measurement of multiwall nanotube surface tension Chem Phys Lett 404 2005 263 266
50. A. Barber, S. Cohen, and H. Wagner Static and dynamic wetting measurements of single carbon nanotubes Phys Rev Lett 92 2004 186103/1-4
51. H. Nakae, R. Inui, Y. Hirata, and H. Saito Effects of surface roundness on wettability Acta Mater 46 1998 2313 2318
52. L. Ponsonnet, K. Reybier, N. Jaffrezic, V. Comte, C. Lagneau, M. Lissac, and C. Martelet Relationship between surface properties (roughness, wettability) of titanium and titanium alloys and cell behaviour Mater Sci Eng C 23 2003 551 560
53. X. Zhang, S. Yu, Z. He, and Y. Miao Wetting of rough surfaces Surf Rev Lett 11 2004 7 13
54. L. Elias, F. Fenouillot, J.C. Majeste, and P. Cassagnau Morphology and rheology of immiscible polymer blends filled with silica nanoparticles Polymer 48 2007 6029 6040
55. R. Cardinaud, and T. McNally Localization of MWCNTs in PET/LDPE blends Eur Polym J 49 2013 1287 1297
56. A. Göldel, G.R. Kasaliwal, P. Pötschke, and G. Heinrich The kinetics of CNT transfer between immiscible blend phases during melt mixing Polymer 53 2012 411 421
57. S. Wu Surface and interfacial tensions of polymers, oligomers, plasticizers, and organic pigments J.I.E. Brandrup, E.A. Grulke, A. Abe, D.R. Bloch, Polymer handbook, Part VI 1999 Wiley-Interscience/John Wiley & Sons New York p. VI-521-569
58. D.P. Dharaiya, and S.C. Jana Nanoclay-induced morphology development in chaotic mixing of immiscible polymers J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43 2005 3638 3651
59. L. As'habi, S.H. Jafari, B. Baghaei, H.A. Khonakdar, P. Pötschke, and F. Böhme Structural analysis of multicomponent nanoclay-containing polymer blends through simple model systems Polymer 49 2008 2119 2126
60. S.A.H. Pour, B. Pourabbas, and M. Salami Hosseini Electrical and rheological properties of PMMA/LDPE blends filled with carbon black Mater Chem Phys 143 2013 830 837
61. P. Li, Y. Huang, M. Kong, Y. Lv, Y. Luo, Q. Yang, and G. Li Fractionated crystallization and morphology of PP/PS blends in the presence of silica nanoparticles with different surface chemistries Colloid Polym Sci 291 2013 1693 1704
62. 2composites prepared with different blending procedures Macromol Mater Eng 294 2009 582 589
63. A.-C. Baudouin, J. Devaux, and C. Bailly Localization of carbon nanotubes at the interface in blends of polyamide and ethylene-acrylate copolymer Polymer 51 2010 1341 1354
64. A.-C. Baudouin, C. Bailly, and J. Devaux Interface localization of carbon nanotubes in blends of two copolymers Polym Deg Stab 95 2010 389 398
65. L. Elias, F. Fenouillot, J.C. Majesté, G. Martin, and P. Cassagnau Migration of nanosilica particles in polymer blends J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46 2008 1976 1983
66. A. Katada, Y.F. Buys, Y. Tominaga, S. Asai, and M. Sumita Relationship between electrical resistivity and particle dispersion state for carbon black filled poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/poly (l-lactic acid) blend Colloid Polym Sci 284 2005 134 141
67. R.M. Kooshki, I. Ghasemi, M. Karrabi, and H. Azizi Nanocomposites based on polycarbonate/poly (butylene terephthalate) blends effects of distribution and type of nanoclay on morphological behavior J Vinyl Addit Techol 19 2013 203 212
68. B. Du, Ua. Handge, M. Wambach, C. Abetz, S. Rangou, and V. Abetz Functionalization of MWCNT with P(MMA-co-S) copolymers via ATRP: influence on localization of MWCNT in SAN/PPE 40/60 blends and on rheological and dielectric properties of the composites Polymer 54 2013 6165 6176
69. D. Wu, D. Lin, J. Zhang, W. Zhou, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, D. Wang, and B. Lin Selective localization of nanofillers: effect on morphology and crystallization of PLA/PCL blends Macromol Chem Phys 212 2011 613 626
70. A. Taghizadeh, and B.D. Favis Carbon nanotubes in blends of polycaprolactone/thermoplastic starch Carbohydr Polym 98 2013 189 198
71. D. Dharaiya, and S.C. Jana Thermal decomposition of alkyl ammonium ions and its effects on surface polarity of organically treated nanoclay Polymer 46 2005 10139 10147
72. J. Chen, Y.Y. Shi, J.H. Yang, N. Zhang, T. Huang, and Y. Wang Improving interfacial adhesion between immiscible polymers by carbon nanotubes Polymer 54 2013 464 471
73. Y. Shi, Y. Li, F. Xiang, T. Huang, C. Chen, Y. Peng, and Y. Wang Carbon nanotubes induced microstructure and mechanical properties changes in cocontinuous poly(l-lactide)/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends Polym Adv Technol 23 2012 783 790
74. L. Zhang, C. Wan, and Y. Zhang Investigation on morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/maleated ethylene-propylene-diene rubber/organoclay composites Polym Eng Sci 49 2009 209 216
75. L. Elias, F. Fenouillot, J.C. Majesté, P. Alcouffe, and P. Cassagnau Immiscible polymer blends stabilized with nano-silica particles: rheology and effective interfacial tension Polymer 49 2008 4378 4385
76. P. Médéric, J. Ville, J. Huitric, M. Moan, and T. Aubry Effect of processing procedures and conditions on structural, morphological, and rheological properties of polyethylene/polyamide/nanoclay blends Polym Eng Sci 51 2011 969 978
77. 2nanocomposites J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47 2009 1616 1624
78. M. Liebscher, M.-O. Blais, P. Pötschke, and G. Heinrich A morphological study on the dispersion and selective localization behavior of graphene nanoplatelets in immiscible polymer blends of PC and SAN Polymer 54 2013 5875 5882
79. J.S. Borah, N. Karak, and T.K. Chaki Effect of organoclay platelets on morphology and properties of LLDPE/EMA blends Mater Sci Eng A 528 2011 2820 2830
80. B. Chen, and J.R.G. Evans Mechanical properties of polymer-blend nanocomposites with organoclays: polystyrene/ABS and high impact polystyrene/ABS J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49 2011 443 454
81. S. Hui, T.K. Chaki, and S. Chattopadhyay Effect of silica-based nanofillers on the properties of a low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer based thermoplastic elastomer J Appl Polym Sci 110 2008 825 836
82. S. Hui, T.K. Chaki, and S. Chattopadhyay Dynamic and capillary rheology of LDPE-EVA-based thermoplastic elastomer: effect of silica nanofiller Polym Compos 31 2010 377 391
83. K.Y. Lee, and L.A. Goettler Structure-property relationships in polymer blend nanocomposites Polym Eng Sci 44 2004 1103 1111
84. X. Li, H.M. Park, J.O. Lee, and C.S. Ha Effect of blending sequence on the microstructure and properties of PBT/EVA-g-MAH/organoclay ternary nanocomposites Polym Eng Sci 42 2002 2156 2164
85. C.G. Martins, N.M. Larocca, D.R. Paul, and L.A. Pessan Nanocomposites formed from polypropylene/EVA blends Polymer 50 2009 1743 1754
86. A. Dasari, Z.Z. Yu, and Y.W. Mai Effect of blending sequence on microstructure of ternary nanocomposites Polymer 46 2005 5986 5991
87. A.E. Zaikin, R.R. Karimov, and V.P. Arkhireev A study of the redistribution conditions of carbon black particles from the bulk to the interface in heterogeneous polymer blends Colloid J 63 2001 57 59
88. A.E. Zaikin, E.A. Zharinova, and R.S. Bikmullin Specifics of localization of carbon black at the interface between polymeric phases Polym Sci Ser A 49 2007 328 336
89. F. Gubbels, R. Jerome, E. Vanlathem, R. Deltour, S. Blacher, and F. Brouers Kinetic and thermodynamic control of the selective localization of carbon black at the interface of immiscible polymer blends Chem Mater 10 1998 1227 1235
90. M. Sumita, K. Sakata, Y. Hayakawa, S. Asai, K. Miyasaka, and M. Tanemura Double percolation effect on the electrical conductivity of conductive particles filled polymer blends Colloid Polym Sci 270 1992 134 139
91. K. Levon, A. Margolina, and A.Z. Patashinsky Multiple percolation in conducting polymer blends Macromolecules 26 1993 4061 4063
92. J. Feng, C.M. Chan, and J.X. Li A method to control the dispersion of carbon black in an immiscible polymer blend Polym Eng Sci 43 2003 1058 1063
93. M. Liebscher, L. Tzounis, P. Pötschke, and G. Heinrich Influence of the viscosity ratio in PC/SAN blends filled with MWCNTs on the morphological, electrical, and melt rheological properties Polymer 54 2013 6801 6808
94. P. Zhou, W. Yu, C. Zhou, F. Liu, L. Hou, and J. Wang Morphology and electrical properties of carbon black filled LLDPE/EMA composites J Appl Polym Sci 103 2007 497 502
95. A.L. Persson, and H. Bertilsson Viscosity difference as distributing factor in selective absorption of aluminium borate whiskers in immiscible polymer blends Polymer 39 1998 5633 5642
96. V.A. Doan, S. Nobukawa, S. Ohtsubo, T. Tada, and M. Yamaguchi Selective migration of silica particles between rubbers J Polym Res 20 2013 145 146
97. A. Göldel, G. Kasaliwal, and P. Pötschke Selective localization and migration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in blends of polycarbonate and poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) Macromol Rapid Commun 30 2009 423 429
98. Z. Fang, C. Harrats, N. Moussaif, and G. Groeninckx Location of a nanoclay at the interface in an immiscible poly(e-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend and its effect on the compatibility of the components J Appl Polym Sci 106 2007 3125 3135
99. F. Gubbels, E. Blacher, R. Vanlathem, R. Jérôme, R. Deltour, F. Brouers, and Ph. Teyssié Design of electrical conductive composites: key role of the morphology on the electrical properties of carbon black filled polymer blends Macromolecules 28 1995 1559 1566
100. B.B. Khatua, D.J. Lee, H.Y. Kim, and J.K. Kim Effect of organoclay platelets on morphology of nylon-6 and poly(ethylene-ran-propylene) rubber blends Macromolecules 37 2004 2454 2459
101. A.C. Baudouin, D. Auhl, F. Tao, J. Devaux, and C. Bailly Polymer blend emulsion stabilization using carbon nanotubes interfacial confinement Polymer 52 2011 149 156
102. D.R. Paul, and C.B. Bucknall Polymer blends vol. 2 2000 John Wiley & Sons New York 589 p.
103. J. Huitric, J. Ville, P. Médéric, M. Moan, and T. Aubry Rheological, morphological and structural properties of PE/PA/nanoclay ternary blends: effect of clay weight fraction J Rheol 53 2009 1101 1119
104. D. Voulgaris Emulsifying effect of dimethyldioctadecylammonium-hectorite in polystyrene/poly(ethyl methacrylate) blends Polymer 43 2002 2213 2218
105. H. Lee, P. Fasulo, W. Rodgers, and D. Paul TPO based nanocomposites. Part 1. Morphology and mechanical properties Polymer 46 2005 11673 11689
106. J. Vermant, S. Vandebril, C. Dewitte, and P. Moldenaers Particle-stabilized polymer blends Rheol Acta 47 2008 835 839
107. G. Serpe, J. Jarrin, and F. Dawans Polyethylene-polyamide blends Polym Eng Sci 30 1990 553 565
108. J.S. Hong, Y.K. Kim, K.H. Ahn, S.J. Lee, and C. Kim Interfacial tension reduction in PBT/PE/clay nanocomposite Rheol Acta 46 2007 469 478
109. J.S. Hong, H. Namkung, K.H. Ahn, S.J. Lee, and C. Kim The role of organically modified layered silicate in the breakup and coalescence of droplets in PBT/PE blends Polymer 47 2006 3967 3975
110. S. Sinha Ray, M. Bousmina, and A. Maazouz Morphology and properties of organoclay modified polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend Polym Eng Sci 46 2006 1121 1129
111. J.E. Palierne Linear rheology of viscoelastic emulsions with interfacial tension Rheol Acta 214 1990 204 214
112. M. Kontopoulou, Y. Liu, J.R. Austin, and J.S. Parent The dynamics of montmorillonite clay dispersion and morphology development in immiscible ethylene-propylene rubber/polypropylene blends Polymer 48 2007 4520 4528
113. J. Vermant, G. Cioccolo, K. Golapan Nair, and P. Moldenaers Coalescence suppression in model immiscible polymer blends by nano-sized colloidal particles Rheol Acta 43 2004 529 538
114. S. Vandebril, J. Vermant, and P. Moldenaers Efficiently suppressing coalescence in polymer blends using nanoparticles: role of interfacial rheology Soft Matter 6 2010 3353 3362
115. M. Kong, Y. Huang, G. Chen, Q. Yang, and G. Li Retarded relaxation and breakup of deformed PA6 droplets filled with nanosilica in PS matrix during annealing Polymer 52 2011 5231 5236
116. G. Filippone, G. Romeo, and D. Acierno Role of interface rheology in altering the onset of co-continuity in nanoparticle-filled polymer blends Macromol Mater Eng 296 2011 658 665
117. J. Ville, P. Médéric, J. Huitric, and T. Aubry Structural and rheological investigation of interphase in polyethylene/polyamide/nanoclay ternary blends Polymer 53 2012 1733 1740
118. M. Entezam, H.A. Khonakdar, A.A. Yousefi, S.H. Jafari, U. Wagenknecht, and G. Heinrich Dynamic and transient shear start-up flow experiments for analyzing nanoclay localization in PP/PET blends: correlation with microstructure Macromol Mater Eng 298 2012 113 126
119. P. Pötschke, and D.R. Paul Formation of co-continuous structures in melt-mixed immiscible polymer blends J Macromol Sci Polym Rev 43 2003 87 141
120. R.M. Ho, C.H. Wu, and A.C. Su Morphology of plastic/rubber blends Polym Eng Sci 30 1990 511 518
121. N. Kitayama, H. Keskkula, and D.R. Paul Reactive compatibilization of nylon 6/styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer blends. Part 1. Phase inversion behavior Polymer 41 2000 8041 8052
122. T.S. Omonov, C. Harrats, P. Moldenaers, and G. Groeninckx Phase continuity detection and phase inversion phenomena in immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blends with different viscosity ratios Polymer 48 2007 5917 5927
123. D. Paul, and J. Barlow Polymer blends J Macromol Sci: Rev Macromol Chem Phys 18 1980 109 168
124. L.A. Utracki On the viscosity-concentration dependence of immiscible polymer blends J Rheol 35 1991 1615 1637
125. L. Li, C. Miesch, P.K. Sudeep, A.C. Balazs, T. Emrick, T.P. Russell, and R.C. Hayward Kinetically trapped co-continuous polymer morphologies through intraphase gelation of nanoparticles Nano Lett 11 2011 1997 2003
126. S. Steinmann, W. Gronski, and C. Friedrich Influence of selective filling on rheological properties and phase inversion of two-phase polymer blends Polymer 43 2002 4467 4477
127. Y. Li, and H. Shimizu Novel morphologies of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend nanocomposites Polymer 45 2004 7381 7388
128. G. Wu, B. Li, and J. Jiang Carbon black self-networking induced co-continuity of immiscible polymer blends Polymer 51 2010 2077 2083
129. M.H. Al-Saleh, H.K. Al-Anid, and Y.A. Hussain Electrical double percolation and carbon nanotubes distribution in solution processed immiscible polymer blend Synth Met 175 2013 75 80
130. S. Monemian, S.H. Jafari, H.A. Khonakdar, V. Goodarzi, U. Reuter, and P. Pötschke MWNT-filled PC/ABS blends: correlation of morphology with rheological and electrical response J Appl Polym Sci 130 2013 739 748
131. J.K. Yuan, S.H. Yao, A. Sylvestre, and J. Bai Biphasic polymer blends containing carbon nanotubes: heterogeneous nanotube distribution and its influence on the dielectric properties J Phys Chem C 116 2012 2051 2058
132. G. Martin, C. Barres, P. Sonntag, N. Garois, and P. Cassagnau Co-continuous morphology and stress relaxation behaviour of unfilled and silica filled PP/EPDM blends Mater Chem Phys 113 2009 889 898
133. P.A. Bhadane, M.F. Champagne, M.A. Huneault, F. Tofan, and B.D. Favis Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension Polymer 47 2006 2760 2771
134. S.H. Lee, M. Kontopoulou, and C.B. Park Effect of nanosilica on the co-continuous morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends Polymer 51 2010 1147 1155
135. X. Liu, R. Bao, Z. Liu, W. Yang, B. Xie, and M. Yang Effect of nano-silica on the phase inversion behavior of immiscible PA6/ABS blends Polym Test 32 2013 141 149
136. M. Zhang, Y. Huang, M. Kong, H. Zhu, G. Chen, and Q. Yang Morphology and rheology of poly(l-lactide)/polystyrene blends filled with silica nanoparticles J Mater Sci 47 2012 1339 1347
137. F. Xiang, Y. Shi, X. Li, T. Huang, C. Chen, Y. Peng, and Y. Wang Cocontinuous morphology of immiscible high density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blend induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes network Eur Polym J 48 2012 350 361
138. S.T. Knauert, J.F. Douglas, and F.W. Starr The effect of nanoparticle shape on polymer-nanocomposite rheology and tensile strength J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45 2007 1882 1897
139. M. Laradji A Langevin dynamics study of mobile filler particles in phase-separating binary systems J Chem Phys 120 2004 9330 9334
140. M. Laradji, and M.J.A. Hore Nanospheres in phase-separating multicomponent fluids: a three-dimensional dissipative particle dynamics simulation J Chem Phys 121 2004 10641 10648
141. M.P. Allen, G.T. Evans, D. Frenkel, and B.M. Mulder Hard convex body fluids Adv Chem Phys 86 1993 1 166
142. M.J.A. Hore, and M. Laradji Prospects of nanorods as an emulsifying agent of immiscible blends J Chem Phys 128 2008 054901 54908
143. M. Laradji, and G. Macnevin Phase separation dynamics in binary fluids containing quenched or mobile filler particles J Chem Phys 119 2003 2275 2283
144. P. Cassagnau Melt rheology of organoclay and fumed silica nanocomposites Polymer 49 2008 2183 2196
145. L. Pérez Amaro, S. Coiai, L. Conzatti, A. Manariti, F. Ciardelli, and E. Passaglia The effect of layered double hydroxides dispersion on thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends Polym Int 62 2013 554 565
146. Z. Hrnjak-Murgić, Ž Jelčić, V. Kovačević, M. Mlinac-Mišak, and J. Jelenčić Molecular and morphological characterization of immiscible SAN/EPDM blends filled by nano filler Macromol Mater Eng 287 2002 684 692
147. M. Alsaleh, and U. Sundararaj Nanostructured carbon black filled polypropylene/polystyrene blends containing styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer: influence of morphology on electrical resistivity Eur Polym J 44 2008 1931 1939
148. J. Feng, and Q.C.M. Chan Carbon black-filled immiscible blends of poly(viny1idene fluoride) and high density polyethylene: electrical properties and morphology Polym Eng Sci 38 1998 1649 1657
149. R. Andrews, and M.C. Weisenberger Carbon nanotube polymer composites Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 8 2004 31 37
150. L. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Li, J. Wu, Z. Zhou, and C. Jiang Improved fracture toughness of immiscible polypropylene/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends with multiwalled carbon nanotubes Polymer 50 2009 3072 3078
151. A. Fina, Z. Han, G. Saracco, U. Gross, and M. Mainil Morphology and conduction properties of graphite-filled immiscible PVDF/PPgMA blends Polym Adv Technol 23 2012 1572 1579
152. F. Ma, N. Yuan, and J. Ding The conductive network made up by the reduced graphene nanosheet/polyaniline/polyvinyl chloride J Appl Polym Sci 128 2013 3870 3875
153. N. Yan, H. Xia, J. Wu, Y. Zhan, G. Fei, and C. Chen Compatibilization of natural rubber/high density polyethylene thermoplastic vulcanizate with graphene oxide through ultrasonically assisted latex mixing J Appl Polym Sci 127 2013 933 941
154. R.D. Deshmukh, Y. Liu, and R.J. Composto Two-dimensional confinement of nanorods in block copolymer domains Nano Lett 7 2007 3662 3668
155. S. Sinha Ray, S. Pouliot, M. Bousmina, and L.A. Utracki Role of organically modified layered silicate as an active interfacial modifier in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends Polymer 45 2004 8403 8413
156. J. Jancar, J.F. Douglas, F.W. Starr, S.K. Kumar, P. Cassagnau, A.J. Lesser, S.S. Sternstein, and M.J. Buehler Current issues in research on structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites Polymer 51 2010 3321 3343
157. A. Göldel, A. Marmur, G.R. Kasaliwal, P. Pötschke, and G. Heinrich Shape-dependent localization of carbon nanotubes and carbon black in an immiscible polymer blend during melt mixing Macromolecules 44 2011 6094 6102
158. W. Zhang, M. Lin, A. Winesett, O. Dhez, A.L. Kilcoyne, H. Ade, M. Rubinstein, K.V.P.M. Shafi, A. Ulman, D. Gersappe, R. Tenne, M. Rafailovich, J. Sokolov, and H.L. Frisch The use of functionalized nanoparticles as non-specific compatibilizers for polymer blends Polym Adv Technol 22 2011 65 71
159. H. Acharya, T. Kuila, S.K. Srivastava, and A.K. Bhowmick Effect of layered silicate on EPDM/EVA blend nanocomposite: dynamic mechanical, thermal, and swelling properties Polym Compos 29 2008 443 450
160. L. As'habi, S.H. Jafari, H.A. Khonakdar, and B. Baghaei Morphological, rheological and thermal studies in melt processed compatibilized PA6/ABS/clay nanocomposites J Polym Res 18 2010 197 205
161. J.R. Austin, and M. Kontopoulou Effect of organoclay content on the rheology, morphology, and physical properties of polyolefin elastomers and their blends with polypropylene Polym Eng Sci 46 2006 1491 1501
162. S. Azizi, W.M.Z.W. Yunus, and M. Ahmad Effect of polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride on properties of high-density polyethylene and polystyrene blend/layered silicate nanocomposites J Reinf Plast Compos 30 2011 1649 1654
163. B. Baghaei, S.H. Jafari, H.S. Khonakdar, I. Rezaeian, L. As'habi, and S. Ahmadian Interfacially compatibilized LDPE/POE blends reinforced with nanoclay: investigation of morphology, rheology and dynamic mechanical properties Polym Bull 62 2008 255 270
164. G.X. Chen, H.S. Kim, E.S. Kim, and J.S. Yoon Compatibilization-like effect of reactive organoclay on the poly(l-lactide)/poly(butylene succinate) blends Polymer 46 2005 11829 11836
165. V. Contreras, M. Cafiero, S.D. Silva, C. Rosales, R. Perera, and M. Matos Characterization and tensile properties of ternary blends with PA-6 nanocomposites Polym Eng Sci 46 2006 1111 1120
166. A. Dasari, Z. Yu, M. Yang, Q. Zhang, X. Xie, and Y. Mai Micro- and nano-scale deformation behavior of nylon 66-based binary and ternary nanocomposites Compos Sci Technol 66 2006 3097 3114
167. C. DeLeo, C.A. Pinotti, M. Carmo Gonçalves, and S. Velankar Preparation and characterization of clay nanocomposites of plasticized starch and polypropylene polymer blends J Polym Environ 19 2011 689 697
168. W.S. Depolo, and D.G. Baird Particulate reinforced PC/PBT composites. II. Effect of nano-clay particles on dimensional stability and structure-property relationships Polym Compos 30 2009 200 213
169. S. Dhibar, P. Kar, and B.B. Khatua Preparation of highly exfoliated and transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites by melt blending of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 125 2012 E601 E609
170. Z. Fang, Y. Xu, and L. Tong Effect of clay on the morphology of binary blends of polyamide 6 with high density polyethylene and HDPE-graft-acrylic acid Polym Eng Sci 47 2007 551 559
171. M. Feng, F. Gong, C. Zhao, G. Chen, S. Zhang, and M. Yang Effect of clay on the morphology of blends of poly(propylene) and polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites Polym Int 53 2004 1529 1537
172. G. Filippone, N.T. Dintcheva, D. Acierno, and F.P. La Mantia The role of organoclay in promoting co-continuous morphology in high-density poly(ethylene)/poly(amide) 6 blends Polymer 49 2008 1312 1322
173. M. Gahleitner, B. Kretzschmar, G.V. Vliet, J. Devaux, D. Pospiech, K. Bernreitner, and E. Ingolic Rheology/morphology interactions in polypropylene/polyamide-6 nanocomposites Rheol Acta 45 2006 322 330
174. M.Y. Gelfer, H.H. Song, L. Liu, B.S. Hsiao, B. Chu, M. Rafailovich, M. Si, and V. Zaitsev Effects of organoclays on morphology and thermal and rheological properties of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41 2003 44 54
175. I. González, J.I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal Compatibilization level effects on the structure and mechanical properties of rubber-modified polyamide-6/clay nanocomposites J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43 2005 3611 3620
176. A. Hasook, S. Tanoue, and Y. Iemoto Characterization and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding Polym Eng Sci 46 2006 1001 1007
177. S.H. Jafari, H.A. Khonakdar, A. Asadinezhad, and U. Wagenknecht Crystallization and melting behavior of nanoclay-containing polypropylene/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) blends Express Polym Lett 6 2012 148 158
178. A. Kelarakis, E.P. Giannelis, and K. Yoon Structure-properties relationships in clay nanocomposites based on PVDF/(ethylene-vinyl acetate) copolymer blends Polymer 48 2007 7567 7572
179. I. Kelnar, V. Khunová, J. Kotek, and L. Kaprálková Effect of clay treatment on structure and mechanical behavior of elastomer-containing polyamide 6 nanocomposite Polymer 48 2007 5332 5339
180. M.H. Lee, C.H. Dan, J.H. Kim, J. Cha, S. Kim, Y. Hwang, and C.H. Lee Effect of clay on the morphology and properties of PMMA/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing Polymer 47 2006 4359 4369
181. Y. Li, G.X. Wei, and H.J. Sue Morphology and toughening mechanisms in clay-modified styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber-toughened polypropylene J Mater Sci 37 2002 2447 2459
182. S. Malmir, M.K.R. Aghjeh, M. Hemmati, and R.A. Tehrani Relationship between morphology and rheology of PA/PE/clay blend nanocomposites. I. PA matrix J Appl Polym Sci 125 2012 E503 E516
183. Z. MartiÍn, I. Jiménez, M.A. Gómez, H. Ade, and D.A. Kilcoyne Interfacial interactions in PP/MMT/SEBS nanocomposites Macromolecules 43 2010 448 453
184. M. Mehrabzadeh, and M.R. Kamal Polymer-clay nanocomposites based on blends of polyamide-6 and polyethylene Can J Chem Eng 80 2002 1083 1092
185. A. Mojarrad, Y. Jahani, and M. Barikani Influence of nanoclay on the rheological properties of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 125 2012 E571 E582
186. R. Scaffaro, L. Botta, M.C. Mistretta, and F.P. La Mantia Preparation and characterization of polyamide 6/polyethylene blend-clay nanocomposites in the presence of compatibilisers and stabilizing system Polym Degrad Stab 95 2010 2547 2554
187. S. Sinha Ray, and M. Bousmina Compatibilization efficiency of organoclay in an immiscible polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend Macromol Rapid Commun 26 2005 450 455
188. S. Sinha Ray, and M. Bousmina Effect of organic modification on the compatibilization efficiency of clay in an immiscible polymer blend Macromol Rapid Commun 26 2005 1639 1646
189. Y. Tang, Y. Hu, R. Zhang, Z. Gui, Z. Wang, Z. Chen, and W. Fan Investigation on polypropylene and polyamide-6 alloys/montmorillonite nanocomposites Polymer 45 2004 5317 5326
190. L.T. Vo, and E.P. Giannelis Compatibilizing poly(vinylidene fluoride)/nylon-6 blends with nanoclay Macromolecules 40 2007 8271 8276
191. H. Wang, C. Zeng, M. Elkovitch, L.J. Lee, and K.W. Koelling Processing and properties of polymeric nano-composites Polym Eng Sci 41 2001 2036 2046
192. Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, and Q. Fu Compatibilization of immiscible poly(propylene)/polystyrene blends using clay Macromol Rapid Commun 24 2003 231 235
193. S. Wang, Y. Hu, L. Song, J. Liu, Z. Chen, and W. Fan Study on the dynamic self-organization of montmorillonite in two phases J Appl Polym Sci 91 2004 1457 1462
194. K. Wang, C. Wang, J. Li, J. Su, Q. Zhang, R. Du, and Q. Fu Effects of clay on phase morphology and mechanical properties in polyamide 6/EPDM-g-MA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites Polymer 48 2007 2144 2154
195. J. Xiao, Y. Hu, H. Lu, Y. Cai, Z. Chen, and W. Fan Effect of order of mixing on morphology and thermal properties of the compatibilized PBT and ABS alloys/OMT nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 104 2007 2130 2139
196. J. Yang, L. Sun, S. Xiang, J. He, L. Gu, and M. Zhong Influence of organoclay and preparation technique on the morphology of polyamide6/polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 110 2008 276 282
197. Y. Yoo, C. Park, S.G. Lee, K.Y. Choi, D.S. Kim, and J.H. Lee Influence of addition of organoclays on morphologies in nylon 6/LLDPE blends Macromol Chem Phys 206 2005 878 884
198. Y. Yoo, R.R. Tiwari, Y.T. Yoo, and D.R. Paul Effect of organoclay structure and mixing protocol on the toughening of amorphous polyamide/elastomer blends Polymer 51 2010 4907 4915
199. Y. Yoo, L. Cui, P.J. Yoon, and D.R. Paul Morphology and mechanical properties of rubber toughened amorphous polyamide/MMT nanocomposites Macromolecules 43 2010 615 624
200. M. Yousfi, J. Soulestin, B. Vergnes, M.F. Lacrampe, and P. Krawczak Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends by organoclay: effect of nanofiller or organo-modifier? Macromol Mater Eng 298 2013 757 770
201. V. Ojijo, H. Cele, and S. Sinha Ray Morphology and properties of polymer composites based on biodegradable polylactide/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] blend and nanoclay Macromol Mater Eng 296 2011 865 877
202. V. Ojijo, T. Malwela, S. Sinha Ray, and R. Sadiku Unique isothermal crystallization phenomenon in the ternary blends of biopolymers polylactide and poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] nano-clay Polymer 53 2012 505 518
203. V. Ojijo, S. Sinha Ray, and R. Sadiku Effect of nanoclay loading on the thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable polylactide/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] blend composites ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4 2012 2395 2405
204. H.-M. Park, G.-H. Kim, and C.-S. Ha Preparation and characterization of biodegradable aliphatic polyester/thermoplastic starch/organoclay ternary hybrid nanocomposites Compos Interfaces 14 2007 427 438
205. M. Si, T. Araki, H. Ade, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, R. Fisher, J.C. Sokolov, and M.H. Rafailovich Compatibilizing bulk polymer blends by using organoclays Macromolecules 39 2006 4793 4801
206. H.B. Kim, J.S. Choi, C.H. Lee, S.T. Lim, M.S. Jhon, and H.J. Choi Polymer blend/organoclay nanocomposite with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) Eur Polym J 41 2005 679 685
207. E. Moghbelli, H.-J. Sue, and S. Jain Stabilization and control of phase morphology of PA/SAN blends via incorporation of exfoliated clay Polymer 51 2010 4231 4237
208. S. Sinha Ray, J. Bandyopadhyay, and M. Bousmina Effect of organoclay on the morphology and properties of poly(propylene)/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate] blends Macromol Mater Eng 292 2007 729 747
209. W.S. Chow, Z.A.M. Ishak, U.S. Ishiaku, and A.A. Apostolov The effect of organoclay on the mechanical properties and morphology of injection-molded polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 91 2004 175 189
210. M. Gahleitner, B. Kretzschmar, D. Pospiech, E. Ingolic, N. Reichelt, and K. Bernreitner Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6 nanocomposites prepared by a two-step melt-compounding process J Appl Polym Sci 100 2006 283 291
211. S.-M. Lai, Y.-C. Liao, and T.-W. Chen Properties and preparation of compatibilized nylon 6 nanocomposites/ABS blends using functionalized metallocene polyolefin elastomer. I. Impact properties J Appl Polym Sci 100 2006 1364 1371
212. K.-J. Hwang, J.-W. Park, I. Kim, C.-S. Ha, and G.-H. Kim Effect of a compatibilizer on the microstructure and properties of partially biodegradable LDPE/aliphatic polyester/organoclay nanocomposites Macromol Res 14 2006 179 186
213. Y. Deyrail, F. Mighri, M. Bousmina, and S. Kaliaguine Polyamide/polystyrene blend compatibilisation by montmorillonite nanoclay and its effect on macroporosity of gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Fuel Cells 7 2007 447 452
214. Q. Su, M. Feng, S. Zhang, J. Jiang, and M. Yang Melt blending of polypropylene-blend-polyamide 6-blend-organoclay systems Polym Int 56 2007 50 56
215. Z. Ali, H.H. Le, S. Ilisch, T. Thurn-Albrecht, and H-J. Radusch Morphology development and compatibilization effect in nanoclay filled rubber blends Polymer 51 2010 4580 4588
216. B. Liu, Y. Shangguan, Y. Song, and Q. Zheng Influences of compatibilizers on rheology and mechanical properties of propylene random copolymer/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 129 2013 973 982
217. T. Mohan, and K. Kanny Melt blend studies of nanoclay-filled polypropylene (PP)-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites J Mater Sci 48 2013 8292 8301
218. F.R. Passador, A.C. Ruvolo-Filho, and L.A. Pessan Effects of different compatibilizers on the rheological, thermomechanical, and morphological properties of HDPE/LLDPE blend-based nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 130 2013 1726 1735
219. P. Vijayan, D. Puglia, J. Kenny, and S. Thomas Effect of organically modified nanoclay on the miscibility, rheology, morphology and properties of epoxy/carboxyl-terminated (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) blend Soft Matter 9 2013 2899 2911
220. H. Zhao, Z. Cui, X. Wang, L.-S. Turng, and X. Peng Processing and characterization of solid and microcellular poly(lactic acid)/polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PLA/PHBV) blends and PLA/PHBV/clay nanocomposites Composites Part A 51 2013 79 91
221. M.E. Mackay, A. Tuteja, P.M. Duxbury, C.J. Hawker, B. Van Horn, Z. Guan, G. Chen, and R.S. Krishnan General strategies for nanoparticle dispersion Science 311 2006 1740 1743
222. J.E. Figueruelo, C.M. Gómez, I.S. Monzó, C. Abad, and A. Campos Modelling the influence of nanoparticles in the phase behaviour of an epoxy/polystyrene mixture, 2 Macromol Theory Simul 16 2007 458 475
223. C. Gomez, I. Porcar, I. Monzo, C. Abad, and A. Campos Modelling the influence of nanoparticles in the phase behaviour of an epoxy/polystyrene mixture Eur Polym J 43 2007 360 373
224. W. Tong, Y. Huang, C. Liu, X. Chen, Q. Yang, and G. Li The morphology of immiscible PDMS/PIB blends filled with silica nanoparticles under shear flow Colloid Polym Sci 288 2010 753 760
225. A. Karim, D.W. Liu, J.F. Douglas, A.I. Nakatani, and E.J. Amis Modification of the phase stability of polymer blends by fillers Polymer 41 2000 8455 8458
226. F. Tao, B. Nysten, A.-C. Baudouin, J.-M. Thomassin, D. Vuluga, C. Detrembleur, and C. Bailly Influence of nanoparticle-polymer interactions on the apparent migration behaviour of carbon nanotubes in an immiscible polymer blend Polymer 52 2011 4798 4805
227. Y. Cao, J. Zhang, J. Feng, and P. Wu Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends using graphene oxide sheets ACS Nano 5 2011 5920 5927
228. J. Yang, C. Feng, J. Dai, N. Zhang, T. Huang, and Y. Wang Compatibilization of immiscible nylon 6/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends using graphene oxides Polym Int 62 2013 1085 1093
229. S. Ye, Y. Cao, J. Feng, and P. Wu Temperature-dependent compatibilizing effect of graphene oxide as a compatibilizer for immiscible polymer blends RSC Adv 3 2013 7987 7995
230. J.J. Chiu, B.J. Kim, E.J. Kramer, and D.J. Pine Control of nanoparticle location in block copolymers J Am Chem Soc 127 2005 5036 5037
231. B.J. Kim, J. Bang, C.J. Hawker, J.J. Chiu, D.J. Pine, S.G. Jang, S.-M. Yang, and E.J. Kramer Creating surfactant nanoparticles for block copolymer composites through surface chemistry Langmuir 23 2007 12693 12703
232. B.J. Kim, J. Bang, C.J. Hawker, and E.J. Kramer Effect of areal chain density on the location of polymer-modified gold nanoparticles in a block copolymer template Macromolecules 39 2006 4108 4114
233. B.J. Kim, S. Given-Beck, J. Bang, C.J. Hawker, and E.J. Kramer Importance of end-group structure in controlling the interfacial activity of polymer-coated nanoparticles Macromolecules 40 2007 1796 1798
234. P.J. Costanzo, and F.L. Beyer Thermally driven assembly of nanoparticles in polymer matrices Macromolecules 40 2007 3996 4001
235. C.M. Huang, K.H. Wei, U.S. Jeng, and K.S. Liang Structural evolution of poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer/gold nanoparticle mixtures from solution to solid state Macromolecules 40 2007 5067 5074
236. A. Walther, K. Matussek, and A.H.E. Müller Engineering nanostructured polymer blends with controlled nanoparticle location using Janus particles ACS Nano 2 2008 1167 1178
237. T. Kwon, T. Kim, F.B. Ali, D.J. Kang, M. Yoo, J. Bang, W. Lee, and B.J. Kim Size-controlled polymer-coated nanoparticles as efficient compatibilizers for polymer blends Macromolecules 44 2011 9852 9862
238. J.M. Willis, V. Caldas, and B.D. Favis Processing-morphology relationships of compatibilized polyolefin/polyamide blends. Part II. The emulsifying effect of an ionomer compatibilizer as a function of blend composition and viscosity ratio J Mater Sci 26 1991 4742 4750
239. S. Maiti, S.K. De, and A.K. Bhowmick Quantitative estimation of filler distribution in immiscible rubber blends by mechanical damping studies Rubber Chem Technol 65 1992 293 302
240. I. Kelnar, J. Kotek, L. Kaprálková, J. Hromádková, and J. Kratochvíl Effect of elastomer type and functionality on the behavior of toughened polyamide nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 100 2006 1571 1576
241. S. Wu Phase structure and adhesion in polymer blends: a criterion for rubber toughening Polymer 26 1985 1855 1863
242. S. Wu A generalized criterion for rubber toughening: the critical matrix ligament thickness J Appl Polym Sci 35 1988 549 561
243. D.H. Kim, P.D. Fasulo, W.R. Rodgers, and D.R. Paul Effect of the ratio of maleated polypropylene to organoclay on the structure and properties of TPO-based nanocomposites. Part I. Morphology and mechanical properties Polymer 48 2007 5960 5978
244. I. González, J.I. Eguiazábal, and J. Nazábal Nanocomposites based on a polyamide 6/maleated styrene-butylene-co-ethylene-styrene blend: effects of clay loading on morphology and mechanical properties Eur Polym J 42 2006 2905 2913
245. 2ternary composites Polymer 47 2006 2106 2115
246. 2particles Polymer 48 2007 860 869
247. N. Bitinis, R. Verdejo, E.M. Maya, E. Espuche, P. Cassagnau, and M.A. Lopez-Manchado Physicochemical properties of organoclay filled polylactic acid/natural rubber blend bionanocomposites Compos Sci Technol 72 2012 305 313
248. L. Liu, H. Wu, Y. Wang, J. Wu, Y. Peng, F. Xiang, and J. Zhang Selective distribution, reinforcement, and toughening roles of MWCNTs in immiscible polypropylene/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48 2010 1882 1892
249. J.C. Huang Carbon black filled conducting polymers and polymer blends Adv Polym Techol 21 2002 299 313
250. G. Wu, S. Asai, C. Zhang, T. Miura, and M. Sumita A delay of percolation time in carbon-black-filled conductive polymer composites J Appl Phys 88 2000 1480 1487
251. F. Gubbels, R. Jérôme, and P. Teyssié selective localization of carbon black in immiscible polymer blends: a useful tool to design electrical conductive composites Macromolecules 27 1994 1972 1974
252. R. Ibarra-gómez, A. Márquez, L.F. Ramos-de Valle, and O.S. Rodríguez-Fernández Influence of the blend viscosity and interface energies on the preferential location of CB and conductivity of Br/EPDM blends Rubber Chem Technol 76 2003 969 978
253. L. Zonder, A. Ophir, S. Kenig, and S. McCarthy The effect of carbon nanotubes on the rheology and electrical resistivity of polyamide 12/high density polyethylene blends Polymer 52 2011 5085 5091
254. T.Y. Hwang, Y. Yoo, and J.W. Lee Electrical conductivity, phase behavior, and rheology of polypropylene/polystyrene blends with multi-walled carbon nanotube Rheol Acta 51 2012 623 636
255. G. Wu, X. Cai, X. Lin, and H. Yui Heterogeneous distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in reactive polymer blends React Funct Polym 70 2010 732 737
256. J.W. Gilman Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate (clay) nanocomposites Appl Clay Sci 15 1999 31 49
257. M. Zanetti, T. Kashiwagi, L. Falqui, and G. Camino Cone calorimeter combustion and gasification studies of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites Chem Mater 14 2002 881 887
258. S. Pack, M. Si, J. Koo, J.C. Sokolov, T. Koga, T. Kashiwagi, and M.H. Rafailovich Mode-of-action of self-extinguishing polymer blends containing organoclays Polym Degrad Stab 94 2009 306 326
259. S. Bourbigot, and S. Duquesne Intumescence and nanocomposites: a novel route for flame-retardant polymeric materials A.B. Morgan, C.A. Wilkie, Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites 2007 Wiley & sons New York 131 162
260. X. Almeras, F. Dabrowski, M.L. Bras, F. Poutch, and S. Bourbigot Using polyamide-6 as charring agent in intumescent polypropylene formulations. I. Effect of the compatibilising agent on the fire retardancy performance Polym Degrad Stab 77 2002 305 313
261. Y. Tang, Y. Hu, J. Xiao, J. Wang, L. Song, and W. Fan PA-6 and EVA alloy/clay nanocomposites as char forming agents in poly(propylene) intumescent formulations Polym Adv Technol 16 2005 338 343
262. J. Zhang, J. Hereid, M. Hagen, D. Bakirtzis, M.A. Delichatsios, A. Fina, A. Castrovinci, G. Camino, F. Samyn, and S. Bourbigot Effects of nanoclay and fire retardants on fire retardancy of a polymer blend of EVA and LDPE Fire Safe J 44 2009 504 513
263. M. Entezam, H.A. Khonakdar, and A.A. Yousefi On the flame resistance behavior of PP/PET blends in the presence of nanoclay and a halogen-free flame retardant Macromol Mater Eng 298 2013 1074 1084
264. B.M. Yoo, H.J. Shin, H.W. Yoon, and H.B. Park Graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in barrier polymers J Appl Polym Sci 2014 131 10.1002/app.39628
265. P. Pal, M.K. Kundu, A. Malas, and C.K. Das Compatibilizing effect of halloysite nanotubes in polar-nonpolar hybrid system J Appl Polym Sci 2014 131 10.1002/app.39587