메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 16, 2014, Pages 8501-8520

Representing time-dependent freezing behaviour in immersion mode ice nucleation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEUS; COOLING; FREEZING; ICE CRYSTAL; TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84906535090     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-8501-2014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (60)

References (58)
  • 4
    • 84860187310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the ice nucleation spectrum
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-3733-2012
    • Barahona, D.: On the ice nucleation spectrum, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3733-3752, doi:10.5194/acp-12-3733-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 3733-3752
    • Barahona, D.1
  • 5
    • 84860121796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immersion mode heterogeneous ice nucleation by an illite rich powder representative of atmospheric mineral dust
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-287-2012
    • Broadley, S. L., Murray, B. J., Herbert, R. J., Atkinson, J. D., Dobbie, S., Malkin, T. L., Condliffe, E., and Neve, L.: Immersion mode heterogeneous ice nucleation by an illite rich powder representative of atmospheric mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 287-307, doi:10.5194/acp-12-287-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 287-307
    • Broadley, S.L.1    Murray, B.J.2    Herbert, R.J.3    Atkinson, J.D.4    Dobbie, S.5    Malkin, T.L.6    Condliffe, E.7    Neve, L.8
  • 6
    • 80052897852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological residues define the ice nucleation properties of soil dust
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-9643-2011
    • Conen, F., Morris, C. E., Leifeld, J., Yakutin, M. V., and Alewell, C.: Biological residues define the ice nucleation properties of soil dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9643-9648, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9643-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 9643-9648
    • Conen, F.1    Morris, C.E.2    Leifeld, J.3    Yakutin, M.V.4    Alewell, C.5
  • 8
    • 33646343209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment
    • doi:10.1029/2005jd005981
    • Cui, Z. Q., Carslaw, K. S., Yin, Y., and Davies, S.: A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D05201, doi:10.1029/2005jd005981, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.111
    • Cui, Z.Q.1    Carslaw, K.S.2    Yin, Y.3    Davies, S.4
  • 10
    • 78651293230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors
    • doi:10.1029/2010gl046016
    • de Boer, G., Morrison, H., Shupe, M. D., and Hildner, R.: Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01803, doi:10.1029/2010gl046016, 2011.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • De, B.G.1    Morrison, H.2    Shupe, M.D.3    Hildner, R.4
  • 11
    • 0029414227 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative descriptions of ice formation mechanisms of silver iodide-type aerosols
    • Demott, P. J.: Quantitative Descriptions of Ice Formation Mechanisms of Silver Iodide-Type Aerosols, Atmos. Res., 38, 63-99, doi:10.1016/0169-8095(94) 00088-U, 1995. (Pubitemid 26442119)
    • (1995) Atmospheric Research , vol.38 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 63-99
    • Demott, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 77957018193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air parcel model simulations of a convective cloud: Bacteria acting as immersion ice nuclei
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.003
    • Diehl, K. andWurzler, S.: Air parcel model simulations of a convective cloud: Bacteria acting as immersion ice nuclei, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4622-4628, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.003, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 4622-4628
    • Diehl, K.1    Wurzler, S.2
  • 13
    • 0035488676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative influences on the structure and lifetime of cirrus clouds
    • DOI 10.1256/smsqj.57807
    • Dobbie, S. and Jonas, P.: Radiative influences on the structure and lifetime of cirrus clouds, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2663-2682, doi:10.1256/Smsqj.57807, 2001. (Pubitemid 34002326)
    • (2001) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , vol.127 , Issue.578 , pp. 2663-2682
    • Dobbie, S.1    Jonas, P.2
  • 14
    • 28944444544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaporation freezing by contact nucleation inside-out
    • DOI 10.1029/2005GL024175, L20814
    • Durant, A. J. and Shaw, R. A.: Evaporation freezing by contact nucleation inside-out, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20814, doi:10.1029/2005gl024175, 2005. (Pubitemid 41782748)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.20 , pp. 1-4
    • Durant, A.J.1    Shaw, R.A.2
  • 15
    • 84880555691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivities of immersion freezing: Reconciling classical nucleation theory and deterministic expressions
    • doi:10.1002/Grl.50580
    • Ervens, B. and Feingold, G.: Sensitivities of immersion freezing: Reconciling classical nucleation theory and deterministic expressions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3320-3324, doi:10.1002/Grl.50580, 2013.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 3320-3324
    • Ervens, B.1    Feingold, G.2
  • 16
    • 84858266345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice in clouds experiment-Layer clouds. Part II: Testing characteristics of heterogeneous ice formation in lee wave clouds
    • doi:10.1175/jas-d-11-026.1
    • Field, P. R., Heymsfield, A. J., Shipway, B. J., DeMott, P. J., Pratt, K. A., Rogers, D. C., Stith, J., and Prather, K. A.: Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer Clouds. Part II: Testing Characteristics of Heterogeneous Ice Formation in Lee Wave Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1066-1079, doi:10.1175/jas-d-11-026.1, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 1066-1079
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Shipway, B.J.3    Demott, P.J.4    Pratt, K.A.5    Rogers, D.C.6    Stith, J.7    Prather, K.A.8
  • 17
    • 70349306899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous freezing of ice on atmospheric aerosols containing ash, soot, and soil
    • doi:10.1029/2009jd011958
    • Fornea, A. P., Brooks, S. D., Dooley, J. B., and Saha, A.: Heterogeneous freezing of ice on atmospheric aerosols containing ash, soot, and soil, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D13201, doi:10.1029/2009jd011958, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.114
    • Fornea, A.P.1    Brooks, S.D.2    Dooley, J.B.3    Saha, A.4
  • 18
    • 0000773553 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cloud type on earth's energy balance: Global analysis
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1992)0052.0.co;2
    • Hartmann, D. L., Ockert-Bell, M. E., and Michelsen, M. L.: The Effect of Cloud Type on Earth's Energy Balance: Global Analysis, J. Climate, 5, 1281-1304, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1992)0052.0.co;2, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1281-1304
    • Hartmann, D.L.1    Ockert-Bell, M.E.2    Michelsen, M.L.3
  • 19
    • 0035935320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid-to-crystal nucleation: Automated lag-time apparatus to study supercooled liquids
    • DOI 10.1063/1.1407290
    • Heneghan, A. F., Wilson, P. W., Wang, G. M., and Haymet, A. D. J.: Liquid-to-crystal nucleation: Automated lag-time apparatus to study supercooled liquids, J. Chem. Phys., 115, 7599-7608, doi:10.1063/1.1407290, 2001. (Pubitemid 33047855)
    • (2001) Journal of Chemical Physics , vol.115 , Issue.16 , pp. 7599-7608
    • Heneghan, A.F.1    Wilson, P.W.2    Wang, G.3    Haymet, A.D.J.4
  • 20
    • 84867206995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: A review of results from laboratory experiments
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012
    • Hoose, C. and Möhler, O.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 9817-9854
    • Hoose, C.1    Möhler, O.2
  • 22
    • 74549201140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cooling rate on the critical undercooling for crystallization
    • doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.031
    • Kashchiev, D., Borissova, A., Hammond, R. B., and Roberts, K. J.: Effect of cooling rate on the critical undercooling for crystallization, J. Cryst. Growth, 312, 698-704, doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.031, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.312 , pp. 698-704
    • Kashchiev, D.1    Borissova, A.2    Hammond, R.B.3    Roberts, K.J.4
  • 23
    • 74049145280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation properties of mineral dust particles: Determination of onset RHi, in active fraction, nucleation time-lag, and the effect of active sites on contact angles
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-95-2010
    • Kulkarni, G. and Dobbie, S.: Ice nucleation properties of mineral dust particles: determination of onset RHi, IN active fraction, nucleation time-lag, and the effect of active sites on contact angles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 95-105, doi:10.5194/acp-10-95-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 95-105
    • Kulkarni, G.1    Dobbie, S.2
  • 24
    • 81755173019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact freezing experiments of kaolinite particles with cloud droplets
    • doi:10.1029/2011jd015727
    • Ladino, L., Stetzer, O., Lüönd, F., Welti, A., and Lohmann, U.: Contact freezing experiments of kaolinite particles with cloud droplets, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D22202, doi:10.1029/2011jd015727, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.116
    • Ladino, L.1    Stetzer, O.2    Lüönd, F.3    Welti, A.4    Lohmann, U.5
  • 25
    • 84885114617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact freezing: A review of experimental studies
    • doi:10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013
    • Ladino Moreno, L. A., Stetzer, O., and Lohmann, U.: Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 9745-9769
    • Ladino Moreno, L.A.1    Stetzer, O.2    Lohmann, U.3
  • 26
    • 1642617896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm rain processes over tropical oceans and climate implications
    • doi:10.1029/2003gl018567
    • Lau, K. M. and Wu, H. T.: Warm rain processes over tropical oceans and climate implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2290, doi:10.1029/2003gl018567, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 2290
    • Lau, K.M.1    Wu, H.T.2
  • 28
    • 77958003779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on the ice nucleation ability of size-selected kaolinite particles in the immersion mode
    • doi:10.1029/2009jd012959
    • Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., Welti, A., and Lohmann, U.: Experimental study on the ice nucleation ability of size-selected kaolinite particles in the immersion mode, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14201, doi:10.1029/2009jd012959, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Lüönd, F.1    Stetzer, O.2    Welti, A.3    Lohmann, U.4
  • 29
    • 35148876676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust
    • Marcolli, C., Gedamke, S., Peter, T., and Zobrist, B.: Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5081-5091, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5081-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47542244)
    • (2007) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.7 , Issue.19 , pp. 5081-5091
    • Marcolli, C.1    Gedamke, S.2    Peter, T.3    Zobrist, B.4
  • 30
    • 57849131260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation activity of bacteria isolated from snow compared with organic and inorganic substrates
    • doi:10.1071/EN08055
    • Mortazavi, R., Hayes, C. T., and Ariya, P. A.: Ice nucleation activity of bacteria isolated from snow compared with organic and inorganic substrates, Environ. Chem., 5, 373-381, doi:10.1071/EN08055, 2008.
    • (2008) Environ. Chem. , vol.5 , pp. 373-381
    • Mortazavi, R.1    Hayes, C.T.2    Ariya, P.A.3
  • 32
    • 79955920251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-4191-2011
    • Murray, B. J., Broadley, S. L., Wilson, T. W., Atkinson, J. D., and Wills, R. H.: Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4191-4207, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4191-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 4191-4207
    • Murray, B.J.1    Broadley, S.L.2    Wilson, T.W.3    Atkinson, J.D.4    Wills, R.H.5
  • 33
    • 84869018512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets
    • doi:10.1039/c2cs35200a
    • Murray, B. J., O'Sullivan, D., Atkinson, J. D., andWebb, M. E.: Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 6519-6554, doi:10.1039/c2cs35200a, 2012.
    • (2012) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.41 , pp. 6519-6554
    • Murray, B.J.1    O'Sullivan, D.2    Atkinson, J.D.3    Webb, M.E.4
  • 35
    • 80052214227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous ice nucleation: Exploring the transition from stochastic to singular freezing behavior
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-8767-2011
    • Niedermeier, D., Shaw, R. A., Hartmann, S., Wex, H., Clauss, T., Voigtländer, J., and Stratmann, F.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation: exploring the transition from stochastic to singular freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8767-8775, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8767-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 8767-8775
    • Niedermeier, D.1    Shaw, R.A.2    Hartmann, S.3    Wex, H.4    Clauss, T.5    Voigtländer, J.6    Stratmann, F.7
  • 37
    • 34147137273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleation processes in deep convection simulated by a cloud-system-resolving model with double-moment bulk microphysics
    • DOI 10.1175/JAS3869.1
    • Phillips, V. T. J., Donner, L. J., and Garner, S. T.: Nucleation processes in deep convection simulated by a cloud-system-resolving model with double-moment bulk microphysics, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 738-761, doi:10.1175/Jas3869.1, 2007. (Pubitemid 46554476)
    • (2007) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 738-761
    • Phillips, V.T.J.1    Donner, L.J.2    Garner, S.T.3
  • 38
    • 40449130337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation for multiple chemical species of aerosol
    • doi:10.1175/2007JAS2546.1
    • Phillips, V. T. J., DeMott, P. J., and Andronache, C.: An Empirical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation for Multiple Chemical Species of Aerosol, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2757-2783, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2546.1, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2757-2783
    • Phillips, V.T.J.1    Demott, P.J.2    Andronache, C.3
  • 39
    • 0029540056 scopus 로고
    • A new look at homogeneous ice nucleation in supercooled water drops
    • Pruppacher, H. R.: A New Look at Homogeneous Ice Nucleation in Supercooled Water Drops, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1924-1933, 10.1175/1520-0469(1995) 0522.0.CO;2, 1995. (Pubitemid 26438098)
    • (1995) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.52 , Issue.11 , pp. 1924-1933
    • Pruppacher, H.R.1
  • 41
    • 34248340975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase altocumulus: A model evaluation of glaciation effects
    • DOI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.08.017, PII S0169809506002365
    • Sassen, K. and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: Microphysical and radiative properties of mixed-phase altocumulus: A model evaluation of glaciation effects, Atmos. Res., 84, 390-398, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.08.017, 2007. (Pubitemid 46731267)
    • (2007) Atmospheric Research , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 390-398
    • Sassen, K.1    Khvorostyanov, V.I.2
  • 42
    • 84901851074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalisation of Levine's prediction for the distribution of freezing temperatures of droplets: A general singular model for ice nucleation
    • doi:10.5194/acp-13-7215-2013
    • Sear, R. P.: Generalisation of Levine's prediction for the distribution of freezing temperatures of droplets: a general singular model for ice nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7215-7223, doi:10.5194/acp-13-7215-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 7215-7223
    • Sear, R.P.1
  • 43
    • 68149171797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microfluidic apparatus for the study of ice nucleation in supercooled water drops
    • doi:10.1039/b906198c
    • Stan, C. A., Schneider, G. F., Shevkoplyas, S. S., Hashimoto, M., Ibanescu, M.,Wiley, B. J., and Whitesides, G. M.: A microfluidic apparatus for the study of ice nucleation in supercooled water drops, Lab Chip, 9, 2293-2305, doi:10.1039/b906198c, 2009.
    • (2009) Lab Chip , vol.9 , pp. 2293-2305
    • Stan, C.A.1    Schneider, G.F.2    Shevkoplyas, S.S.3    Hashimoto, M.4    Ibanescu, M.5    Wiley, B.J.6    Whitesides, G.M.7
  • 44
    • 84055217997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice nucleation properties of fine ash particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-12945-2011
    • Steinke, I., Möhler, O., Kiselev, A., Niemand, M., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Skrotzki, J., Hoose, C., and Leisner, T.: Ice nucleation properties of fine ash particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12945-12958, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12945-2011, 2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 12945-12958
    • Steinke, I.1    Möhler, O.2    Kiselev, A.3    Niemand, M.4    Saathoff, H.5    Schnaiter, M.6    Skrotzki, J.7    Hoose, C.8    Leisner, T.9
  • 45
    • 0001278148 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of experimental results an the heterogeneous freezing nucleation of supercooled liquids
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)0282.0.CO;2
    • Vali, G.: Quantitative Evaluation of Experimental Results an the Heterogeneous Freezing Nucleation of Supercooled Liquids, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 402-409, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)0282.0.CO;2, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 402-409
    • Vali, G.1
  • 46
    • 0004808509 scopus 로고
    • Nucleation terminology
    • doi:10.1016/0021-8502(85)90009-6
    • Vali, G.: Nucleation terminology, J. Aerosol Sci., 16, 575-576, doi:10.1016/0021-8502(85)90009-6, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 575-576
    • Vali, G.1
  • 47
    • 0001128761 scopus 로고
    • Freezing rate due to heterogeneous nucleation
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)0512.0.CO;2
    • Vali, G.: Freezing Rate Due to Heterogeneous Nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1843-1856, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)0512.0.CO;2, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 1843-1856
    • Vali, G.1
  • 48
    • 50949101156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability and randomness in heterogeneous freezing nucleation
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-5017-2008
    • Vali, G.: Repeatability and randomness in heterogeneous freezing nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5017-5031, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5017-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 5017-5031
    • Vali, G.1
  • 49
    • 84901783712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: Singular and stochastic; Sites and surfaces
    • doi:10.5194/acp-14-5271-2014
    • Vali, G.: Interpretation of freezing nucleation experiments: singular and stochastic; sites and surfaces, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5271-5294, doi:10.5194/acp-14-5271-2014, 2014.
    • (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.14 , pp. 5271-5294
    • Vali, G.1
  • 50
    • 0000217143 scopus 로고
    • Time-Dependent characteristics of the heterogeneous nucleation of ice
    • doi:10.1139/p66-044
    • Vali, G. and Stansbury, E. J.: Time-Dependent characteristics of the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, Can. J. Phys., 44, 477-502, doi:10.1139/p66-044, 1966.
    • (1966) Can. J. Phys. , vol.44 , pp. 477-502
    • Vali, G.1    Stansbury, E.J.2
  • 51
    • 84868673858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time dependence of immersion freezing: An experimental study on size selected kaolinite particles
    • doi:10.5194/acp-12-9893-2012
    • Welti, A., Lüönd, F., Kanji, Z. A., Stetzer, O., and Lohmann, U.: Time dependence of immersion freezing: an experimental study on size selected kaolinite particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9893-9907, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9893-2012, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 9893-9907
    • Welti, A.1    Lüönd, F.2    Kanji, Z.A.3    Stetzer, O.4    Lohmann, U.5
  • 52
    • 84890157223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of ice in a long-lived supercooled layer cloud
    • doi:10.1002/qj.2096
    • Westbrook, C. D. and Illingworth, A. J.: The formation of ice in a long-lived supercooled layer cloud, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 2209-2221, doi:10.1002/qj.2096, 2013.
    • (2013) Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.139 , pp. 2209-2221
    • Westbrook, C.D.1    Illingworth, A.J.2
  • 54
    • 84869151457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spread of nucleation temperatures of a sample of supercooled liquid is independent of the average nucleation temperature
    • doi:10.1021/jp308177b
    • Wilson, P. W. and Haymet, A. D. J.: The Spread of Nucleation Temperatures of a Sample of Supercooled Liquid Is Independent of the Average Nucleation Temperature, J. Phys. Chem. B, 116, 13472-13475, doi:10.1021/jp308177b, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.116 , pp. 13472-13475
    • Wilson, P.W.1    Haymet, A.D.J.2
  • 56
    • 84881116269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of time in heterogeneous freezing nucleation
    • doi:10.1002/Jgrd.50365
    • Wright, T. P. and Petters, M. D.: The role of time in heterogeneous freezing nucleation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 3731-3743, doi:10.1002/Jgrd.50365, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 3731-3743
    • Wright, T.P.1    Petters, M.D.2
  • 57
    • 84886068952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal cooling rate dependence of ice nuclei activity in the immersion mode
    • doi:10.1002/jgrd.50810
    • Wright, T. P., Petters, M. D., Hader, J. D., Morton, T., and Holder, A. L.: Minimal cooling rate dependence of ice nuclei activity in the immersion mode, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 10535-510543, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50810, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 10535-510543
    • Wright, T.P.1    Petters, M.D.2    Hader, J.D.3    Morton, T.4    Holder, A.L.5
  • 58
    • 84899654730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global view of midlevel liquidlayer topped stratiform cloud distribution and phase partition from CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements
    • doi:10.1029/2009jd012143
    • Zhang, D.,Wang, Z., and Liu, D.: A global view of midlevel liquidlayer topped stratiform cloud distribution and phase partition from CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D00H13, doi:10.1029/2009jd012143, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.115
    • Zhang, D.1    Wang, Z.2    Liu, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.