High-density lipoprotein as a modulator of platelet and coagulation responses

Cardiovascular Research

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 362-371

  Van Der Stoep, Marco ^a,b   Korporaal, Suzanne J A ^b   Van Eck, Miranda ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Arterial thrombosis; Coagulation; High density lipoprotein; Platelets; Venous thrombosis

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR 2; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PROSTACYCLIN; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN;

ANTICOAGULATION; ARTERY THROMBOSIS; BLOOD CLOTTING; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FIBRINOLYSIS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MODULATION; NONHUMAN; PLATELET CLEARANCE; PLATELET REACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE FUNCTION; THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS; THROMBOSIS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; VEIN THROMBOSIS; ANIMAL; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; METABOLISM; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

ANIMALS; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; BLOOD COAGULATION; BLOOD PLATELETS; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS, HDL; PLATELET ACTIVATION; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; RISK FACTORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THROMBOSIS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 84905560709     PISSN: 00086363     EISSN: 17553245     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu137     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Boden WE. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular disease: Assessing the data from Framingham to the Veterans Affairs High- Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:19L-22L.
2. Despres JP, Lemieux I, Dagenais GR, Cantin B, Lamarche B. HDL-cholesterol as a marker of coronary heart disease risk: The Quebec cardiovascular study. Atherosclerosis 2000;153:263-272
3. Assmann G, Nofer JR. Atheroprotective effects of high-density lipoproteins. Annu Rev Med 2003;54:321-341
4. CooneyMT, Dudina A, De Bacquer D, Wilhelmsen L, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, Jousilahti P, Keil U, Thomsen T, Whincup P, Graham IM. HDL cholesterol protects against cardiovascular disease in both genders, at all ages and at all levels of risk. Atherosclerosis 2009;206:611-616
5. Lewis GF, Rader DJ. New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Circ Res 2005;96:1221-1232
6. Rothblat GH, Phillips MC. High-density lipoprotein heterogeneity and function in reverse cholesterol transport. Curr Opin Lipidol 2010;21:229-238
7. Khera AV, Cuchel M, De La Llera-Moya M, Rodrigues A, Burke MF, Jafri K, French BC, Phillips JA, Mucksavage ML, Wilensky RL, Mohler ER, Rothblat GH, Rader DJ. Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis.NEngl JMed 2011 364 127-135
8. Camont L, LhommeM, Rached F, Le GoffW, Negre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Calzada C, Lagarde M, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Small, dense high-density lipoprotein-3 particles are enriched in negatively charged phospholipids: Relevance to cellular cholesterol efflux, antioxidative, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functionalities. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013;33:2715-2723
9. Naqvi TZ, Shah PK, Ivey PA, Molloy MD, Thomas AM, Panicker S, Ahmed A, Cercek B, Kaul S. Evidence that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is an independent predictor of acute platelet-dependent thrombus formation. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:1011-1017
10. Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein: A new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Rev 2006;58:342-374
11. Delalla OF, Elliott HA, Gofman JW. Ultracentrifugal studies of high density serum lipoproteins in clinically healthy adults. Am J Physiol 1954;179:333-337
12. Amouyel P, Isorez D, Bard JM, Goldman M, Lebel P, Zylberberg G, Fruchart JC. Parental history of early myocardial infarction is associated with decreased levels of lipoparticle AI in adolescents. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1640-1644
13. Arsenault BJ, Lemieux I, Despres JP, Gagnon P, Wareham NJ, Stroes ES, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. HDLparticle size and the risk of coronary heart disease in apparently healthy men and women: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Atherosclerosis 2009;206:276-281
14. Franchini M, Mannucci PM. Association between venous and arterial thrombosis: Clinical implications. Eur J Intern Med 2012;23:333-337
15. Prandoni P, Bilora F, Marchiori A, Bernardi E, Petrobelli F, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Girolami A. An association between atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1435-1441
16. Becattini C, Agnelli G, Prandoni P, Silingardi M, Salvi R, Taliani MR, Poggio R, Imberti D, AgenoW, Pogliani E, Porro F, Casazza F. A prospective study on cardiovascular events after acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2005;26:77-83
17. Sorensen HT, Horvath-Puho E, Pedersen L, Baron JA, Prandoni P. Venous thromboembolism and subsequent hospitalisation due to acute arterial cardiovascular events: A 20-year cohort study. Lancet 2007;370:1773-1779
18. Prandoni P, Ghirarduzzi A, Prins MH, Pengo V, Davidson BL, Sorensen H, Pesavento R, Iotti M, Casiglia E, Iliceto S, Pagnan A, Lensing AW. Venous thromboembolism and the risk of subsequent symptomatic atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:1891-1896.
19. Bova C, Marchiori A, Noto A, Rossi V, Daniele F, Santoro C, Ricchio R, De Lorenzo R, Umbaca R, Prandoni P. Incidence of arterial cardiovascular events in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism.Aretrospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2006; 96:132-136
20. Spencer FA, Ginsberg JS, Chong A, Alter DA. The relationship between unprovoked venous thromboembolism, age, and acute myocardial infarction. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:1507-1513
21. Klok FA, Mos IC, Broek L, Tamsma JT, Rosendaal FR, De Roos A, Huisman MV. Risk of arterial cardiovascular events in patients after pulmonary embolism. Blood 2009;114: 1484-1488
22. Tsai AW, Cushman M, Rosamond WD, Heckbert SR, Polak JF, Folsom AR. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: The longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1182-1189
23. Hald EM, Lijfering WM, Mathiesen EB, Johnsen SH, Lochen ML, Njolstad I, Wilsgaard T, Rosendaal FR, Braekkan SK, Hansen JB. Carotid atherosclerosis predicts future myocardial infarction but not venous thromboembolism: The Tromso study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014;34:226-230
24. Braekkan SK, Hald EM, Mathiesen EB, Njolstad I, Wilsgaard T, Rosendaal FR, Hansen JB. Competing risk of atherosclerotic risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis in a general population: The Tromso study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:487-491
25. Glynn RJ, Rosner B. Comparison of risk factors for the competing risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162: 975-982
26. Geddings JE, Mackman N. New players in haemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2014;111:570-574
27. Broos K, Feys HB, De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Deckmyn H. Platelets at work in primary hemostasis. Blood Rev 2011;25:155-167
28. Davi G, Patrono C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2007;357: 2482-2494
29. Jennings LK. Role of platelets in atherothrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2009;103:4A-10A.
30. Massberg S, Brand K, Gruner S, Page S, Muller E, Muller I, Bergmeier W, Richter T, Lorenz M, Konrad I, Nieswandt B, Gawaz M. A critical role of platelet adhesion in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesion formation. J Exp Med 2002;196:887-896
31. Kaplan ZS, Jackson SP. The role of platelets in atherothrombosis. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2011;2011:51-61
32. Cuchel M, Rader DJ. The role of high density lipoproteins in thrombosis. ScientificWorld- Journal 2002;2:89-95
33. Rosenson RS, Lowe GD. Effects of lipids and lipoproteins on thrombosis and rheology. Atherosclerosis 1998;140:271-280
34. Griffin JH, Fernandez JA, Deguchi H. Plasma lipoproteins, hemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2001;86:386-394
35. Luscher TF, Landmesser U, von Eckardstein A, Fogelman AM. High-density lipoprotein: Vascular protective effects, dysfunction, and potential as therapeutic target. Circ Res 2014;114:171-182
36. Sharrett AR, Ballantyne CM, Coady SA, Heiss G, Sorlie PD, Catellier D, PatschW. Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein(apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL density subfractions: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 2001;104:1108-1113
37. Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK, Thompson A, Wood AM, Lewington S, Sattar N, Packard CJ, Collins R, Thompson SG, Danesh J. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. JAMA 2009;302:1993-2000
38. Silbernagel G, Schottker B, Appelbaum S, Scharnagl H, Kleber ME, Grammer TB, Ritsch A, Mons U, Holleczek B, Goliasch G, Niessner A, Boehm BO, Schnabel RB, Brenner H, Blankenberg S, Landmesser U, Marz W. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality. Eur Heart J 2013;34: 3563-3571
39. Barter P, Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, Maroni J, Szarek M, Grundy SM, Kastelein JJ, Bittner V, Fruchart JC. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1301-1310
40. Martin JF, Kristensen SD, Mathur A, Grove EL, Choudry FA. The causal role of megakaryocyte-platelet hyperactivity in acute coronary syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012;9:658-670
41. Martin JF, Slater DN, Kishk YT, Trowbridge EA. Platelet and megakaryocyte changes in cholesterol-induced experimental atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis 1985;5:604-612
42. Schick BP, Schick PK. The effect of hypercholesterolemia on guinea pig platelets, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985;833:291-302
43. Pathansali R, Smith N, Bath P. Altered megakaryocyte-platelet haemostatic axis in hypercholesterolaemia. Platelets 2001;12:292-297
44. Corash L,ChenHY, Levin J, Baker G, Lu H,MokY. Regulation of thrombopoiesis: Effects of the degree of thrombocytopenia on megakaryocyte ploidy and platelet volume. Blood 1987;70:177-185
45. Murphy AJ, Bijl N, Yvan-Charvet L, Welch CB, Bhagwat N, Reheman A, Wang Y, Shaw JA, Levine RL, Ni H, Tall AR,Wang N. Cholesterol efflux in megakaryocyte progenitors suppresses platelet production and thrombocytosis. Nat Med 2013;19: 586-594
46. Dole VS, Matuskova J, Vasile E, Yesilaltay A, BergmeierW, BernimoulinM,Wagner DD, Krieger M. Thrombocytopenia and platelet abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:1111-1116
47. Korporaal SJ, Meurs I, Hauer AD, Hildebrand RB, Hoekstra M, Cate HT, Pratico D, Akkerman JW, Van Berkel TJ, Kuiper J, Van Eck M. Deletion of the high-density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor BI in mice modulates thrombosis susceptibility and indirectly affects platelet function by elevation of plasma free cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31:34-42
48. El Bouhassani M, Gilibert S, Moreau M, Saint-Charles F, Treguier M, Poti F, Chapman MJ, Le Goff W, Lesnik P, Huby T. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression partially attenuates the adverse effects of SR-BI receptor deficiency on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2011;286:17227-17238
49. Hildebrand RB, Lammers B, Meurs I, Korporaal SJ, De Haan W, Zhao Y, Kruijt JK, Pratico D, Schimmel AW, Holleboom AG, Hoekstra M, Kuivenhoven JA, Van Berkel TJ, Rensen PC, Van Eck M. Restoration of high-density lipoprotein levels by cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression in scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) knockout mice does not normalize pathologies associated with SR-BI deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30:1439-1445
50. Vergeer M, Korporaal SJ, Franssen R,Meurs I,Out R, Hovingh GK, HoekstraM, Sierts JA, Dallinga-Thie GM, Motazacker MM, Holleboom AG, Van Berkel TJ, Kastelein JJ, Van Eck M, Kuivenhoven JA. Genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans. N Engl J Med 2011;364:136-145
51. Ma Y, Ashraf MZ, Podrez EA. Scavenger receptor BI modulates platelet reactivity and thrombosis in dyslipidemia. Blood 2010;116:1932-1941
52. Koller E. Lipoprotein-binding proteins in the human platelet plasma membrane. FEBS Lett 1986;200:97-102
53. Koller E, Koller F, Binder BR. Purification and identification of the lipoprotein-binding proteins from human blood platelet membrane. J Biol Chem 1989;264:12412-12418
54. Nofer JR,Walter M, Kehrel B, Seedorf U, Assmann G. HDL3 activates phospholipaseD in normal but not in glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-deficient platelets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;207:148-154
55. Surya II, Akkerman JW. The influence of lipoproteins on blood platelets. Am Heart J 1993;125:272-275
56. Pedreno J, De Castellarnau C, Masana L. Platelet HDL(3) binding sites are not related to integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) (GPIIb-IIIa). Atherosclerosis 2001;154:23-29
57. Imachi H, Murao K, CaoW, Tada S, Taminato T,Wong NC, Takahara J, Ishida T. Expression of human scavenger receptor B1 on and in human platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:898-904
58. Brodde MF, Korporaal SJ, Herminghaus G, Fobker M, Van Berkel TJ, Tietge UJ, Robenek H, Van Eck M, Kehrel BE, Nofer JR. Native high-density lipoproteins inhibit platelet activation via scavenger receptor BI: Role of negatively charged phospholipids. Atherosclerosis 2011;215:374-382
59. Rigotti A, Acton SL, Krieger M. The class B scavenger receptors SR-BI and CD36 are receptors for anionic phospholipids. J Biol Chem 1995;270:16221-16224
60. Acton SL, Scherer PE, Lodish HF, Krieger M. Expression cloning of SR-BI, a CD36-related class B scavenger receptor. J Biol Chem 1994;269:21003-21009
61. Nofer JR, Walter M, Kehrel B, Wierwille S, Tepel M, Seedorf U, Assmann G. HDL3-mediated inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding occurs via decreased production of phosphoinositide-derived second messengers 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:861-869
62. Brundert M, Heeren J, Merkel M, Carambia A, Herkel J, Groitl P, Dobner T, Ramakrishnan R, Moore KJ, Rinninger F. Scavenger receptor CD36 mediates uptake of high density lipoproteins in mice and by cultured cells. J Lipid Res 2011;52:745-758
63. Valiyaveettil M, Kar N, Ashraf MZ, Byzova TV, Febbraio M, Podrez EA. Oxidized highdensity lipoprotein inhibits platelet activation and aggregation via scavenger receptor BI. Blood 2008;111:1962-1971
64. Calzada C, Vericel E, Colas R, Guillot N, El Khoury G, Drai J, Sassolas A, Peretti N, Ponsin G, Lagarde M, Moulin P. Inhibitory effects of in vivo oxidized high-density lipoproteins on platelet aggregation: Evidence from patients with abetalipoproteinemia. FASEB J 2013;27:2855-2861
65. Assinger A, SchmidW, Eder S, Schmid D, Koller E, Volf I. Oxidation by hypochlorite converts protective HDL into a potent platelet agonist. FEBS Lett 2008;582:778-784
66. Assinger A, Koller F, SchmidW, Zellner M, Babeluk R, Koller E, Volf I. Specific binding of hypochlorite-oxidized HDL to platelet CD36 triggers proinflammatory and procoagulant effects. Atherosclerosis 2010;212:153-160
67. Nofer JR, van Eck M. HDL scavenger receptor class B type I and platelet function. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011;22:277-282
68. Riddell DR, Vinogradov DV, Stannard AK, Chadwick N, Owen JS. Identification and characterization of LRP8 (apoER2) in human blood platelets. J Lipid Res 1999;40: 1925-1930
69. Desai K, Bruckdorfer KR, Hutton RA, Owen JS. Binding of apoE-rich high density lipoprotein particles by saturable sites on human blood platelets inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation. J Lipid Res 1989;30:831-840
70. Riddell DR, Graham A,OwenJS. Apolipoprotein E inhibits platelet aggregation through the L-Arginine:nitric oxide pathway. Implications for vascular disease. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:89-95
71. Korporaal SJ, Relou IA, van Eck M, Strasser V, Bezemer M, Gorter G, van Berkel TJ, Nimpf J, Akkerman JW, Lenting PJ. Binding of low density lipoprotein to platelet apolipoprotein E receptor 2' results in phosphorylation of p38MAPK. J Biol Chem 2004;279: 52526-52534
72. Relou AM, Gorter G, van Rijn HJ, Akkerman JW. Platelet activation by the apoB/E receptor-binding domain of LDL. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:880-887
73. Hackeng CM, Relou IA, PladetMW, Gorter G, van Rijn HJ, AkkermanJW. Early platelet activation by low density lipoprotein via p38MAP kinase. Thromb Haemost 1999;82: 1749-1756
74. Kramer RM, Roberts EF, Um SL, Borsch-Haubold AG, Watson SP, Fisher MJ, Jakubowski JA. p38 mitogen-Activated protein kinase phosphorylates cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Evidence that prolinedirected phosphorylation is not required for mobilization of arachidonic acid by cPLA2. J Biol Chem 1996;271:27723-27729
75. Borsch-Haubold AG, Kramer RM, Watson SP. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is phosphorylated in collagen- and thrombin-stimulated human platelets independent of protein kinase C and mitogen-Activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1995;270: 25885-25892
76. Nofer JR, Brodde MF, Kehrel BE. High-density lipoproteins, platelets and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010;37:726-735
77. DeguchiH, PecheniukNM, Elias DJ,Averell PM, Griffin JH. High-density lipoprotein deficiency and dyslipoproteinemia associated with venous thrombosis in men. Circulation 2005;112:893-899
78. Eichinger S, Pecheniuk NM, Hron G, Deguchi H, Schemper M, Kyrle PA, Griffin JH. High-density lipoprotein and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2007;115:1609-1614
79. Ordovas JM, Cupples LA, Corella D, Otvos JD, Osgood D, Martinez A, Lahoz C, Coltell O, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein- TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: The Framingham study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1323-1329
80. AgenoW, Becattini C, BrightonT, Selby R,KamphuisenPW. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism: A meta-Analysis. Circulation 2008;117:93-102
81. Chamberlain AM, Folsom AR, Heckbert SR, RosamondWD,Cushman M. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and venous thromboembolism in the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE). Blood 2008;112:2675-2680
82. Quist-Paulsen P, Naess IA, Cannegieter SC, Romundstad PR, Christiansen SC, Rosendaal FR, Hammerstrom J. Arterial cardiovascular risk factors and venous thrombosis: Results from a population-based, prospective study (theHUNT2). Haematologica 2010;95:119-125
83. van Schouwenburg IM, Mahmoodi BK, Gansevoort RT, Muntinghe FL, Dullaart RP, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Veeger NJ, Meijer K. Lipid levels do not influence the risk of venous thromboembolism. Results of a population-based cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2012;108:923-929
84. Braekkan SK, Borch KH, Mathiesen EB, Njolstad I, Hansen JB. HDL-cholesterol and future risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromso study. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1428-1430
85. Everett BM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Lipid biomarkers, hormone therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism in women. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:588-596
86. Lamon-Fava S, Herrington DM, Reboussin DM, Sherman M, Horvath K, Schaefer EJ, Asztalos BF. Changes in remnant and high-density lipoproteins associated with hormone therapy and progression of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2009;205:325-330
87. MacCallum PK, Cooper JA, Martin J, Howarth DJ, Meade TW, Miller GJ. Haemostatic and lipid determinants of prothrombin fragment F1.2 and D-dimer in plasma. Thromb Haemost 2000;83:421-426
88. Oslakovic C, Krisinger MJ, Andersson A, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C, Dahlback B. Anionic phospholipids lose their procoagulant properties when incorporated into high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 2009;284:5896-5904
89. Oslakovic C, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C, Dahlback B. The role of phospholipid transfer protein in lipoprotein-mediated neutralization of the procoagulant effect of anionic liposomes. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:766-772
90. Marlar RA, Kleiss AJ, Griffin JH. Mechanism of action of human activated protein C, a thrombin-dependent anticoagulant enzyme. Blood 1982;59:1067-1072
91. Dahlback B, Villoutreix BO. Regulation of blood coagulation by the protein C anticoagulant pathway: Novel insights into structure-function relationships and molecular recognition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1311-1320
92. Griffin JH, Kojima K, Banka CL, Curtiss LK, Fernandez JA. High-density lipoprotein enhancement of anticoagulant activities of plasma protein S and activated protein C. J Clin Invest 1999;103:219-227
93. Nicholls SJ, Cutri B,Worthley SG, Kee P, Rye KA, Bao S, Barter PJ. Impact of short-term administration of high-density lipoproteins and atorvastatin on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:2416-2421
94. Undas A, Ariens RA. Fibrin clot structure and function: A role in the pathophysiology of arterial and venous thromboembolic diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31: E88-199
95. Zabczyk M, Hondo L, Krzek M, Undas A. High-density cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI as modifiers of plasma fibrin clot properties in apparently healthy individuals. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013;24:50-54
96. Kaba NK, Francis CW, Moss AJ, Zareba W, Oakes D, Knox KL, Fernandez ID, Rainwater DL. Effects of lipids and lipid-lowering therapy on hemostatic factors in patients with myocardial infarction. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:718-725
97. Asselbergs FW, Williams SM, Hebert PR, Coffey CS, Hillege HL, Navis G, Vaughan DE, van Gilst WH, Moore JH. Gender-specific correlations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue plasminogen activator levels with cardiovascular disease-related traits. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:313-320
98. Norata GD, Banfi C, Pirillo A, Tremoli E, Hamsten A, Catapano AL, Eriksson P. Oxidised-HDL3 induces the expression of PAI-1 in human endothelial cells. Role of p38MAPK activation and mRNA stabilization. Br J Haematol 2004;127:97-104
99. Shaul PW. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: Location, location, location. Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:749-774
100. Dangel O, Mergia E, Karlisch K, Groneberg D, Koesling D, Friebe A. Nitric oxidesensitive guanylyl cyclase is the only nitric oxide receptor mediating platelet inhibition. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:1343-1352
101. Blair A, Shaul PW, Yuhanna IS, Conrad PA, Smart EJ. Oxidized low density lipoprotein displaces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) from plasmalemmal caveolae and impairs eNOS activation. J Biol Chem 1999;274:32512-32519
102. Uittenbogaard A, ShaulPW, Yuhanna IS, Blair A, Smart EJ. High density lipoprotein prevents oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced inhibition of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase localization and activation in caveolae. J Biol Chem 2000;275:11278-11283
103. Yuhanna IS, Zhu Y, Cox BE, Hahner LD, Osborne-Lawrence S, Lu P, Marcel YL, Anderson RG, Mendelsohn ME, Hobbs HH, Shaul PW. High-density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nat Med 2001;7:853-857
104. Brill A, Yesilaltay A, De Meyer SF, Kisucka J, Fuchs TA, Kocher O, Krieger M, Wagner DD. Extrahepatic high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI and apoA-I protect against deep vein thrombosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32: 1841-1847
105. Caughey GE, Cleland LG, Penglis PS, Gamble JR, James MJ. Roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in prostanoid production by human endothelial cells: Selective up-regulation of prostacyclin synthesis by COX-2. J Immunol 2001;167:2831-2838
106. Fleisher LN, Tall AR, Witte LD, MillerRW, Cannon PJ. Stimulation of arterial endothelial cell prostacyclin synthesis by high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1982;257: 6653-6655
107. Pomerantz KB, Fleisher LN, Tall AR, Cannon PJ. Enrichment of endothelial cell arachidonate by lipid transfer from high density lipoproteins: Relationship to prostaglandin I2 synthesis. J Lipid Res 1985;26:1269-1276
108. Myers DE, Huang WN, Larkins RG. Lipoprotein-induced prostacyclin production in endothelial cells and effects of lipoprotein modification. Am J Physiol 1996;271: C1504-C1511
109. Cockerill GW, Saklatvala J, Ridley SH, Yarwood H, Miller NE, Oral B, Nithyanathan S, Taylor G, Haskard DO. High-density lipoproteins differentially modulate cytokine-induced expression of E-selectin and cyclooxygenase-2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:910-917
110. Norata GD, Callegari E, Inoue H, Catapano AL. HDL3 induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostacyclin release in human endothelial cells via a p38 MAPK/CREdependent pathway: Effects on COX-2/PGI-synthase coupling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:871-877
111. Calabresi L, Rossoni G, Gomaraschi M, Sisto F, Berti F, Franceschini G. High-density lipoproteins protect isolated rat hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing cardiac tumor necrosis factor-Alpha content and enhancing prostaglandin release. Circ Res 2003;92:330-337
112. Van Sickle WA, Wilcox HG, Malik KU, Nasjletti A. High density lipoprotein-induced cardiac prostacyclin synthesis in vitro: Relationship to cardiac arachidonate mobilization. J Lipid Res 1986;27:517-522
113. Rauramaa R, Salonen JT, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Seppanen K, Seppala E, Vapaatalo H, Huttunen JK. Effects of mild physical exercise on serum lipoproteins and metabolites of arachidonic acid: A controlled randomised trial in middle aged men. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:603-606
114. Symons JD. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of the relationship between 6-keto PGF1 alpha and high density lipoproteins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1990; 39:159-165
115. Reininger AJ, Heijnen HF, Schumann H, Specht HM, SchrammW, Ruggeri ZM. Mechanism of platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor and microparticle formation under high shear stress. Blood 2006;107:3537-3545
116. Blann AD, Dobrotova M, Kubisz P, McCollum CN. von Willebrand factor, soluble P-selectin, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor in atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 1995;74:626-630
117. Kawaguchi A, Miyao Y, Noguchi T, Nonogi H, Yamagishi M, Miyatake K, Kamikubo Y, Kumeda K, Tsushima M, Yamamoto A, Kato H. Intravascular free tissue factor pathway inhibitor is inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol and postheparin lipoprotein lipase but proportional to apolipoprotein A-II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:251-258
118. Zitoun D, Bara L, Basdevant A, Samama MM. Levels of factor VIIc associated with decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in dyslipidemias. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:77-81
119. Paka L, Kako Y, Obunike JC, Pillarisetti S. Apolipoprotein E containing high density lipoprotein stimulates endothelial production of heparan sulfate rich in biologically active heparin-like domains. Apotential mechanism for the anti-Atherogenic actions of vascular apolipoprotein e. J Biol Chem 1999;274:4816-4823
120. Bombeli T, Karsan A, Tait JF, Harlan JM. Apoptotic vascular endothelial cells become procoagulant. Blood 1997;89:2429-2442
121. Bombeli T, Schwartz BR, Harlan JM. Endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis become proadhesive for nonactivated platelets. Blood 1999;93:3831-3838
122. Nofer JR, Levkau B, Wolinska I, Junker R, Fobker M, von Eckardstein A, Seedorf U, Assmann G. Suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by high density lipoproteins (HDL) and HDL-Associated lysosphingolipids. J Biol Chem 2001;276: 34480-34485
123. Meyer P, Nigam A, Marcil M, Tardif JC. The therapeutic potential of high-density lipoprotein mimetic agents in coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009;11: 329-333
124. Lerch PG, Spycher MO, Doran JE. Reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) modulates platelet activity in vitro and ex vivo. Thromb Haemost 1998;80:316-320
125. Li D,Weng S, Yang B, Zander DS, Saldeen T, NicholsWW, Khan S, Mehta JL. Inhibition of arterial thrombus formation by ApoA1 Milano. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19: 378-383
126. Calkin AC, Drew BG, Ono A, Duffy SJ, Gordon MV, Schoenwaelder SM, Sviridov D, Cooper ME, Kingwell BA, Jackson SP. Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein attenuates platelet function in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting cholesterol efflux. Circulation 2009;120:2095-2104
127. Pajkrt D, Lerch PG, van Der Poll T, Levi M, Illi M, Doran JE, Arnet B, van Den Ende A, ten Cate JW, van Deventer SJ. Differential effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet activation during human endotoxemia. Thromb Haemost 1997;77:303-307