Artificial tears potpourri: A literature review

Clinical Ophthalmology

Volumn 8, Issue , 2014, Pages 1419-1433

  Moshirfar, Majid ^a   Pierson, Kasey ^b   Hanamaikai, Kamalani ^c   Santiago Caban, Luis ^a   Muthappan, Valliammai ^a   Passi, Samuel F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c A T STILL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Artificial tears; Blink ; CMC; Dry eye; Dysfunctional tear syndrome; Genteal ; HPMC; Lacrisert ; Lipid layer; Liquid polyols; Ocular surface inflammatory disease; Ophthalmic lubricant; Polyvinyl alcohol; Refresh ; Sjogren's syndrome; Soothe ; Systane ; TBUT; Tear film; Tear osmolarity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905503946     PISSN: 11775467     EISSN: 11775483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5 (2):75-92.
2. Lemp MA. Contact lenses and allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;8(5):457-460.
3. Tiffany J. The normal tear film. Dev Ophthalmol. 2008;41:1-20.
4. Lu P, Chen X, Liu X, et al. Dry eye syndrome in elderly Tibetans at high altitude: a population-based study in China. Cornea. 2008;27(5): 545-551.
5. Himebaugh NL, Begley CG, Bradley A, Wilkinson JA. Blinking and tear break-up during four visual tasks. Optom Vis Sci. 2009;86(2): E106-E114.
6. Wilson SE, Stulting RD. Agreement of physician treatment practices with the international task force guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease. Cornea. 2007;26(3):284-289.
7. Kabalak G, Dobberstein SB, Matthias T, et al. Association of immunoglobulin-like transcript 6 deficiency with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(10):2923-2925.
8. Lerman S. Ocular side effects of acutane therapy. Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1992;9(3-4):429-438.
9. Shellans S, Rich LF, Louiselle I. Conjunctival goblet cell response to vasoconstrictor use. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1989;5(3):217-220.
10. Göbbels MJ, Achten C, Spitznas M. Effect of topically applied oxymetazoline on tear volume and tear flow in humans. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991;229(2):147-149.
11. Hazin R, Abuzetun JY, Daoud YJ, Abu-Khalaf MM. Ocular complications of cancer therapy: a primer for the ophthalmologist treating cancer patients. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009;20(4):308-317.
12. Bjerrum KB. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and primary Sjögren's syndrome in a Danish population aged 30-60 years. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997;75(3):281-286.
13. McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(6):1114-1119.
14. Latkany R. Dry eyes: etiology and management. Curr Opin Ophthal. 2008;19(4):287-291.
15. Schein OD, Muñoz B, Tielsch JM, Bandeen-Roche K, West S. Prevalence of dry eye among the elderly. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(6): 723-728.
16. Huang T, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang T, Chen J. Investigation of tear film change after recovery from acute conjunctivitis. Cornea. 2007;26(7): 778-781.
17. Mertzanis P, Abetz L, Rajagopalan K, et al. The relative burden of dry eye in patients' lives: comparisons to a U.S. normative sample. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(1):46-50.
18. Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch JD, Reis BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(5):615-621.
19. Vitale S, Goodman LA, Reed GF, Smith JA. Comparison of the NEI-VFQ and OSDI questionnaires in patients with Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004;2:44.
20. Reddy P, Grad O, Rajagopalan K. The economic burden of dry eye: a conceptual framework and preliminary assessment. Cornea. 2004;23(8): 751-761.
21. Kymionis GD, Bouzoukis DI, Diakonis VF, Siganos C. Treatment of chronic dry eye: focus on cyclosporine. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(4): 829-836.
22. Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):163-178.
23. Alves M, Fonseca EC, Alves MF. Dry eye disease treatment: a systemic review of published trials and a critical appraisal of therapeutic strategies. Ocul Surf. 2013;11(3):181-192.
24. Nichols KK, Nichols JJ, Mitchell GL. The reliability and validity of McMonnies Dry Eye Index. Cornea. 2004;23(4):365-371.
25. Abetz L, Rajagopalan K, Mertzanis P, Begley C, Barnes R, Chalmers R; The impact of dry eye on everyday life (IDEEL) Study Group. Development and validation of the impact of dry eye on everyday life (IDEEL) questionnaire, a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measure for the assessment of the burden of dry eye on patients. Health Qual Life Out. 2011;9:111.
26. West SK, Munoz B, Rubin GS. Function and visual Impairment in a population-based study of older adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(1):72-82.
27. Kim TH, Kang JW, Kim KH, et al. Acupuncture for dry eye: a multicentre randomised controlled trial with active comparison intervention (artificial tear drop) using a mixed method approach protocol. Trials. 2010;11:107.
28. Gifford P, Evans BJ, Morris J. A clinical evaluation of Systane. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2006;29(1):31-40.
29. Simmons PA, Vehige JG. Clinical performance of a mid-viscosity artificial tear for dry eye treatment. Cornea. 2007;26(3):294-302.
30. Noecker RJ. Comparison of initial treatment response to two enhanced-viscosity artificial tears. Eye Contact Lens. 2006;32(3):148-152.
31. Allergan. Efficacy and acceptability of two lubricant eye drops. NLM Identifier: NCT00756678 [webpage on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: Clinicaltrials.gov; 2008. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00756678. Accessed September 24, 2013.
32. Nilforoushan M, Latkany RA, Speaker MG. Effect of artificial tears on visual acuity. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(5):830-835.
33. Charters L. Artificial tear normalizes blink pattern. Ophthalmology Times. July 2011.
34. Rolando M, Autori S, Badino F, Barabino S. Protecting the ocular surface and improving the quality of life of dry eye patients: a study of the efficacy of an HP-guar containing ocular lubricant in a population of dry eye patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009;25(3):271-278.
35. Latkany R, Lock BG, Speaker M. Tear film normalization test: a new diagnostic test for dry eyes. Cornea. 2006;25(10):1153-1157.
36. Alcon Research. The effect of systane ultra lubricant eye drops (FID112903) on visual performance. NLM Identifier: NCT00673764 [webpage on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: Clinicaltrials.gov; 2008. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT 00673764. Accessed September 24, 2013.
37. Christensen MT, Cohen S, Rinehart J, et al. Clinical evaluation of an HP-guar gellable lubricant eye drop for the relief of dryness of the eye. Curr Eye Res. 2004;28(1):55-62.
38. Ousler GW, Michaelson C, Christensen MT. An evaluation of tear film breakup time extension and ocular protection index scores among three marketed lubricant eye drops. Cornea. 2007;26(8):949-952.
39. Kaercher T, Buchholz P, Kimmich F. Treatment of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca with Optive: results of a multicenter, open-label observational study in Germany. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009;3:33-39.
40. Alcon Research. Evaluation of SYSTANE ultra lubricant eye drops. NLM Identifier: NCT00702377 [webpage on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: Clinicaltrials.gov; 2008. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT 00702377. Accessed September 24, 2013.
41. Simmons P, Vehige J. The effects of artificial tear composition on tear-film break up time. Am Academy of Optometry. 2004; CN-00525769.
42. LaMotte JO, Ridder WH, Kuan T, Chang J, Olejnik O, Vehige J. The effect of artificial tears with different CMC formulations on contrast sensitivity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:E-Abstract 3151.
43. Tomlinson A, Madden LC, Simmons PA. Effectiveness of dry eye therapy under conditions of environmental stress. Curr Eye Res. 2013; 38(2):229-236.
44. Benelli U, Nardi M, Posarelli C, Albert TG. Tear osmolarity measurement using the TearLab Osmolarity System in the assessment of dry eye treatment effectiveness. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2010;33(2):61-67.
45. Innovative Medical. Cross-over evaluation of two lubricating eye drops. NLM Identifier: NCT00493662 [webpage on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: Clinicaltrials.gov; 2007. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00493662. Accessed September 24, 2013.
46. Alcon Research. Acute comfort and blurring profile evaluation of marketed lubricant eye drops. NLM Identifier: NCT00756093 [webpage on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: Clinicaltrials.gov; 2008. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT 00756093.Accessed September 24, 2013.
47. Scaffidi RC, Korb DR. Comparison of the efficacy of two lipid emulsion eyedrops in increasing tear film lipid layer thickness. Eye Contact Lens. 2007;33(1):38-44.
48. Korb DR, Scaffidi RC, Greiner JV, et al. The effect of two novel lubricant eye drops on tear film lipid layer thickness in subjects with dry eye symptoms. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82(7):594-601.
49. Dausch D, Lee S, Dausch S, Kim JC, Schwert G, Michelson W. [Comparative study of treatment of the dry eye syndrome due to disturbances of the tear film lipid layer with lipid-containing tear substitutes]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2006;223(12):974-983. German.
50. Climent AO. Comparison of GenAqua-preserved GenTeal in multidose bottles vs preservative-free tears naturale in single dose units in patients with moderate to severe dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:E-Abstract 261-B439.
51. Blackie CA, Solomon JD, Scaffidi RC, Greiner JV, Lemp MA, Korb DR. The relationship between dry eye symptoms and lipid layer thickness. Cornea. 2009;28(7):789-794.
52. Knop E, Knop N, Millar T, Obata H, Sullivan DA. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):1938-1978.
53. White CJ, Thomas CR, Byrne ME. Bringing comfort to the masses: a novel evaluation of comfort agent solution properties. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2014;37(2):81-91.
54. Waduthantri S, Yong SS, Tan CH, Htoon HM, Tong L. Lubricant with gelling agent in treating dry eye in adult Chinese patients. Optom Vis Sci. 2012;89(11):1647-1653.
55. Tauber J. Efficacy, tolerability and comfort of a 0.3% hypromellose gel ophthalmic lubricant in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe dry eye syndrome. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(11):2629-2636.
56. Dedhia N, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of GenTeal Gel in post-menopausal women with moderate to severe dry eye: results of a post marketing observational study. Indian Medical Gazette. 2012:186-192.
57. Hartstein I, Khwarg S, Przydryga J. An open-label evaluation of HP-Guar gellable lubricant eye drops for the improvement of dry eye signs and symptoms in a moderate dry eye adult population. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(2):255-260.
58. Chiambaretta F, Pouliquen P, Menerath JM, Pilotaz F, Rebika H, Rigal D. [Efficacy and safety of a fluid carbomer gel versus a conventional carbomer gel in dry eye treatment]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004;27(2):130-135. French.
59. Wander AH, Koffler BH. Extending the duration of tear film protection in dry eye syndrome: review and retrospective case series study of the hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic insert. Ocul Surf. 2009;7(3): 154-162.
60. Hill JC. Slow-release artificial tear inserts in the treatment of dry eyes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(2): 151-154.
61. Lee SY, Tong L. Lipid-containing lubricants for dry eye: a systematic review. Optom Vis Sci. 2012;89(11):1654-1661.
62. Asbell PA. Increasing importance of dry eye syndrome and the ideal artificial tear: consensus views from a roundtable discussion. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(11):2149-2157.
63. Furrer P, Mayer JM, Gurny R. Ocular tolerance of preservatives and alternatives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2002;53(3):263-280.
64. Charnock C. Are multidose over-the-counter artifical tears adequately preserved? Cornea. 2006;25(4):432-437.
65. Lazarus HM, Imperia PS, Botti RE, Mack RJ, Lass JH. An in vitro method which assesses corneal epithelial toxicity due to antineoplastic, preservative and antimicrobial agents. Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1989;6(1-2): 59-85.
66. Rolando M, Crider JY, Kahook MY. Ophthalmic preservatives: focus on polyquaternium-1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2011;8(11):1425-1438.
67. Kim MS, Choi CY, Kim JM, Chang HR, Chung HR, Woo HY. Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(11):1518-1521.
68. Cömez AT, Tufan HA, Kocabiyik O, Gencer B. Effects of lubricating agents with different osmolalities on tear osmolarity and other tear function tests in patients with dry eye. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(11): 1095-1103.
69. Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal Surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears in aqueous tear deficiency. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(5): 939-943.
70. Avunduk AM, Avunduk MC, Varnell ED, Kaufman HE. The comparison of efficacies of topical corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops on dry eye patients: a clinical and immunocytochemical study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(4):593-602.
71. Albietz JM, Lenton LM, McLennan SG, Earl ML. A comparison of the effect of refresh plus and bion tears on dry eye symptoms and ocular surface health in myopic LASIK patients. CLAO J. 2002;28(2):96-100.
72. Perry H, Doshi-Carnevale S, Donnenfeld ED, Solomon R, Biser SA, Bloom AH. Efficacy of commercially available topical cyclospoine A 0.05% in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea. 2006;25(2):171-175.
73. Bron AJ, Daubas P, Siou-Mermet R, Trinquand C. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two eye gels in the treatment of dry eyes: Lacrinorm and Viscotears. Eye (Lond). 1998;12(Pt 5):839-847.
74. Dumbleton K, Woods C, Fonn D. An investigation of the efficacy of a novel ocular lubricant. Eye Contact Lens. 2009;35(3):149-155.
75. Garcia-Lázaro S, Belda-Salmerón L, Ferrer-Blasco T, Cerviño A, Montés-Micó R. Comparison of two artificial tear formulations for dry eye through high-resolution optical coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom. 2011;94(6):549-556.
76. Prabhasawat P, Tesavibul N, Kasetsuwan N. Performance profile of sodium hyaluronate in patients with lipid tear deficiency: randomised, double-blind, controlled, exploratory study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007; 91(1):47-50.
77. Lee S, Dausch S, Maierhofer G, Dausch D. [A new therapy concept for the treatment of dry eye - the usefulness of phospholipid liposomes]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2004;221(10):825-836.
78. Craig JP, Purslow C, Murphy PJ, Wolffsohn JS. Effect of a liposomal spray on the pre-ocular tear film. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2010;33(2): 83-87.
79. Jacobi C, Kruse FE, Cursiefen C. Prospective, randomized, controlled comparison of SYSTANE UD eye drops versus VISINE INTENSIV 1% EDO eye drops for the treatment of moderate dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2012;28(6):598-603.
80. Bhojwani R, Cellesi F, Maino A, Jalil A, Haider D, Noble B. Treatment of dry eye: an analysis of the British Sjögren's syndrome association comparing substitute tear viscosity and subjective efficacy. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2011;34(6):269-273.
81. Marner K, Møoller PM, Dillon M, Rask-Pedersen E. Viscous carbomer eye drops in patients with dry eyes. Efficacy and safety. A randomized, open, cross-over, multicentre study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1996; 74(3):249-252.
82. Vehige J, et al. Use of a new non-preserved artificial tear for dry eye treatment after LASIK surgery. Am Academy of Optometry. 2009; CN-00746208.
83. Sindt CW, Foulks GN. Efficacy of an artificial tear emulsion in patients with dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013;7:1713-1722.
84. Krader C. Drops decrease tear evaporation. Ophthalmology Times. April 2011.
85. Christensen MT. Corneal staining reductions observed after treatment with Systane lubricant eye drops. Adv Ther. 2008;25(11):1191-1199.
86. Paugh JR, Nguyen AL, Huang P, Hwang JS. Retention and retention of effect of topical formulations in dry eye subjects. Optom Vis Sci. 2008;85(9):873-879.
87. Sánchez MA, Arriola-Villalobos P, Torralbo-Jiménez P, et al. The effect of preservative-free HP-Guar on dry eye after phacoemulsification: a flow cytometric study. Eye (Lond). 2010;24(8):1331-1337.
88. Versura P, Profazio V, Campos EC. One month use of Systane improves ocular surface parameters in subjects with moderate symptoms of ocular dryness. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(3):629-635.
89. Durrie D, Stahl J. A randomized clinical evaluation of the safety of Systane Lubricant Eye Drops for the relief of dry eye symptoms following LASIK refractive surgery. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(4):973-979.
90. Montés-Micó R, Cerviño A, Ferrer-Blasco T, García-Lázaro S, Ortí-Navarro S. Optical quality after instillation of eyedrops in dry-eye syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(6):935-940.