An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Volumn 39, Issue , 2014, Pages 426-443

  Leung, Dennis Y C ^a   Caramanna, Giorgio ^b   Maroto Valer, M Mercedes ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Geological storage; Leakage and monitoring; Oxyfuel combustion; Post combustion; Pre combustion; Transport

Indexed keywords

AQUIFERS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON CAPTURE; COMBUSTION; EMISSION CONTROL; ENHANCED RECOVERY; GLOBAL WARMING; HYDROGEOLOGY; PIPELINES; SEPARATION;

GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; OXYFUEL COMBUSTION; POST-COMBUSTION; PRE COMBUSTIONS; TRANSPORT;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

EID: 84905389111     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.093     Document Type: Review

References (255)

1. Emission database for global atmospheric research EDGAR, European Commission.http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v =CO2ts1990-2011.
2. IPCC fourth assessment report: climate change 2007 (AR4) from IPCC website [http://ipcc.ch/publications-and-data/publications-and-data-reports. shtml/; 2007.
3. NOAA, National oceanic and atmospheric administration,http://www.esrl. noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends; 2013.
4. IPCC Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2000 Cambridge University Press New York 92-9169-1135
5. IPCC fourth assessment report: climate change 2013 (AR5) from IPCC websitehttp://ipcc.ch/publications-and-data/publications-and-data-reports.shtml/ ; 2013.
6. IPCC Special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage 2005 Cambridge University Press New York (ISBN:92-9169-1190-4)
7. H. Kheshgi, H. de Conninck, and J. Kessels Carbon dioxide capture and storage: seven years after the IPCC special report Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 17-6 2012 563 567
8. 2 pipeline transport Int J Greenh Gas Control 16 2013 241 270
9. 2 capture using membrane gas absorption technology Adv Mater Res 616-618 2012 1541 1545
10. 2) capture and storage technology 2 volumes 2010 CRC Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy New York 978-1-4398-3099-4 (V1) and 978-1-84569-797-6 (V2)
11. 2 storage First Break 30/2 2012 70 78
12. 2 storage: hydrogeochemical and other methods of investigation: a review (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2013) A. Scozzari, E. Dotsika, Threats to the quality of groundwater resources: prevention and control 2013
13. H.Q. Yang, Z. Xu, R. Gupta, R.B. Slimane, A.E. Bland, and I. Wright Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: a review J Environ Sci 20 2008 14 27
14. E. Blomen, C. Hendriks, and F. Neele Capture technologies: improvements and promising developments Energy Procedia 1 2009 1505 1512
15. Wall TF. Combustion processes for carbon capture. In: Proceedings of the combustion institute, vol. 31; 2007. p. 31-47. (Pubitemid 47424379)
16. 2 quality recommendations Int J Greenh Gas Control 2 2008 478 484
17. 2 capture and storage; issues and challenges Technical report prepared for INGAA Foundation 2009 (106 pp.)
18. 2 capture and separation technologies for end-of-pipe application - a review Energy 35 2010 2610 2628
19. 2 - special reports Power 150 2006 60 65 (Pubitemid 44672021)
20. 2 catpure Appl Therm Eng 30 2010 53 62
21. Global CCS Institute. Global status of large scale integrated projects: June 2012 update.http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/ publications/41146/globalstatusoflargescaleintegratedprojectsjune2012update. pdf; 2012a.
22. 2 capture: January 2012b.http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/ sites/default/files/publications/ 29756/co2-capture-technologies-pre-combustion- capture.pdf; 2012b.
23. 2 capture process in a natural gas combined cycle power plant Int J Greenh Gas Control 3 2009 385 392
24. 2 capture J Eng Gas Turbines Power 131 2009 (021701-1 to 7)
25. B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, and T.F. Wall Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation Prog Energy Combust Sci 31 2005 283 307
26. Zero, Zero Emissions Resource Organization,http://www.zeroCO2.no; 2013.
27. I. Pfaff, and A. Kather Comparative thermodynamic analysis and integration issues of CCS steam power plants based on oxy-combustion with cryogenic or membrane based air separation Energy Procedia 1 2009 495 502
28. T. Burdyny, and H. Struchtrup Hydrid membrane/cryogenic separation of oxygen from air for use in the oxy-fuel process Energy 35 2010 1884 1897
29. 2 capture: January 2012.http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/ sites/default/files/publications/29761/co2-capture-technologies-oxy-combustion. pdf; 2012c.
30. A.S. Bhown, and B.C. Freeman Analysis and status of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture technologies Environ Sci Technol 45 2011 8624 8632
31. J. Gibbins, and H. Chalmers Carbon capture and storage Energy Policy 36 2008 4317 4322
32. 2. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme 2007 isbn:978-1-898373-41-4; 2007.
33. 2 removal from coal-fired power plant 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherlands
34. 2 absorption performance of aqueous alkanolamines in packed columns Fuel Chem Div P Repr 47 2002 49 50
35. 2 from flue gas: a review Sep Sci Technol 40 2005 321 348 (Pubitemid 40250870)
36. 2 capture from coal flue gas in pilot-scale: testing of different amine solvents Energy Procedia 1 2009 783 790
37. B.E. Gurkan, F.C. de la Fuente, E.M. Mindrup, L.E. Ficke, B.F. Goodrich, and E.A. Price et al. J Am Chem Soc 132 2010 2116 2117
38. 2 absorption in aqueous piperazine solutions: experimental study and modeling J Chem Eng Data 56 2011 1547 1554
39. 2 capture Curr Opin Chem Eng 1-2 2012 183 190
40. S.B. Fredriksen, and K.J. Jens Oxidative degradation of aqueous amine solutions of MEA, AMP, MDEA, Pz; a review Energy Procedia 37 2013 1770 1777
41. C.F. da Silva, A.P.B. Dias, A.P.R. Santana, J.S. Pizzo, F.M. de Souza, and A.M. Lazarin et al. Intercalation of amines into layered calcium phosphate and their new behavior for copper retention from ethanolic solution Open J Synth Theory Appl 2 2013 1 7
42. 2 capture Energy Procedia 1 2009 1419 1426
43. 2 recovery system Can J Chem Eng 79 2001 812 816 (Pubitemid 35012636)
44. B. McKee Solutions for the 21st Century: zero emissions technology for fossil fuels 2002 IEA, Com. Energy Research and Technology. OECD/IEA France
45. 2 capture by indirect thermal swing adsorption Int J Greenh Gas Control 5 2011 1206 1213
46. 2 from air Ind Eng Chem Res 51 2012 8631 8645
47. 2 capture from high-carbon fly ashes Waste Manag 28 2008 2320 2328
48. 2 sorbent Fuel Process Technol 92 2010 322 329
49. 2 capture at high temperatures Int J Greenh Gas Control 4 4 2010 623 629
50. 2 capture from waste materials: a review Greenh Gases Sci Technol 2 2012 20 35
51. 4 particle circulation at 1200 °C Energy Convers Manag 43 2002 1469 1478 (Pubitemid 34292050)
52. Cho P, Mattisson T, Lyngfelt A. Reactivity of iron oxide with methane in a laboratory fluidized bed - application of chemical-looping combustion. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on circulating fluidised beds. Niagara Falls, Ontario; May 5-7, 2002. p. 599-606.
53. 2 capture using chemical looping combustion in a natural gas fired power cycle ASME J Eng Gas Turbines Power 126 2004 316 321 (Pubitemid 40231363)
54. J. Adánez, L.F. de Diego, F. García-Labiano, P. Gayán, A. Abad, and J.M. Palacios Selection of oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion Energy Fuels 18 2004 371 377
55. 2 as a support Ind Eng Chem Res 44 2005 3485 3496
56. F. Li, S. Luo, Z. Sun, X. Bao, and L.S. Fan Role of metal oxide support in redox reactions of iron oxide for chemical looping applications: experiments and density functional theory calculations Energy Environ Sci 4 2011 3661 3667
57. 2 separation; application of chemical-looping combustion Chem Eng Sci 56 2001 3101 3113
58. A. Lyngfelt, and T. Mattisson Materials for chemical-looping combustion D. Stolten, V. Scherer, Efficient carbon capture for coal power plants 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim 475 504
59. J. Adánez, A. Abad, F. Garcia-Labiano, P. Gayan, and L. de Diego Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies Prog Energy Combust Sci 38 2012 215 282
60. B. Erlach, M. Schmidt, and B. Tsatsaronis Comparison of carbon capture IGCC with pre-combustion decarbonisation and with chemical-looping combustion Energy 36 2011 3804 3815
61. S.A. Rackley Carbon capture and storage 2010 Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier Burlington, USA
62. 2 at power stations. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on greenhouse gas control technology. Cairns, Australia; August 13-16, 2000.
63. 2 capture and sequestration technologies. In: Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on carbon sequestration. Alexandria, VA; May 5-8, 2003.
64. 2-philic polymer membrane with extremely high separation performance Macromolecules 43 2009 326 333
65. 2 separation J Membr Sci 359 2010 115 125
66. P. Bernardo, E. Drioli, and G. Golemme Membrane gas separation: a review/state of the art Ind Eng Chem Res 48 2009 4638 4663
67. 2 capture in form of clathrate hydrate-problem and practice. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on gas hydrates (ICGH 2011), UK; July 17-21, 2011.
68. 2 capture and scale up using a new apparatus. In: Proceedings of the international conference on gas hydrates, ICGH; 2008.
69. 2) aqueous solution systems in porous media Fluid Phase Equilib 370 2014 12 18
70. Babu P, Kumar R, Linga P. Progress on the hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process for carbon dioxide capture. AICHE annual meeting. San Francisco, USA; 3-8 November 2013.
71. 2 in a partially water saturated porous medium at gas hydrate formation conditions Int J Greenh Gas Control 25 2014 1 8
72. 2 removal systems for fossil fuelled power plants Energy Convers Manag 38 1997 S173 S178
73. 2 capture for improved efficiency at reduced cost. In: Proceedings of the AICHE 2010 annual meeting; November 7-12, 2010.
74. 2 capture using dynamically operated packed beds Chem Eng Sci 65 2010 114 119
75. 2 purification units in oxy-fuel combustion Int J Greenh Gases 12 2013 441 449
76. 2 emissions Chem Eng Res Des 84 A9 2006 847 855 (Pubitemid 44445671)
77. 2 - application to carbon capture and storage Energy Convers Manag 45 2004 2343 2353
78. 2 transport ways U.P.B. Sci Bull Series C 74 1 2012 127 138
79. 2 transportation: case study in China Energy Procedia 4 2011 5974 5981
80. 2 pipelines Energy Procedia 4 2011 3032 3039
81. S.M. Forbes, P. Verma, T.E. Curry, S.J. Friedmann, and S.M. Wade Guidelines for carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage World Resour Inst 2008 20113082154 (144 pp.)
82. 2 pipeline infrastructure: an analysis of global challenges and opportunities Element Energy Limited. Final Report 2010 (134 pp.)
83. 2 transport pipeline. Except for public use. Vattennfal Europe. Job n.P10111; 2011. 143 pp.
84. 2-safety and economic considerations Energy 29 2004 1319 1328 (Pubitemid 38728682)
85. 2) pipelines for carbon sequestration: emerging policy issues Congressional research service report 2009 (21 pp.)
86. 2 transport through use of a trunk pipeline Energy Convers Manag 51 2010 2825 2834
87. 2 transportation. In: Proceedings of the 6th Pipeline Technology Conference. Hannover Messe, Hannover, Germany; 04-05 April 2011.
88. 2 pipelines. Det Norke Veritas. Recommended Practice DNV-RP-J202; 2010. 42 pp.
89. Global CCS Institute (2012). The Global Status of CCS. Canberra, Australia; 2012. 228 pp.
90. 2 recycling Energy Environ 14 2003 383 395
91. Dooley JJ, Davidson CL, Dahowski RT. An assessment of the commercial availability of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies as of June 2009. Report for the US Department of Energy under a contract no. DE-AC05-T6RL01830, PNNL-18520; 2009.
92. 2 as a chemical feedstock: opportunities and challenges Dalton Trans 28 2007 2975 2992 (Pubitemid 47152307)
93. 2 utilization and storage, greenhouse gases: science and technology, 2/1; 2013. p. 1-2.
94. C.M. Oldenburg Carbon dioxide as cushion gas for natural gas storage Energy Fuels 17 2003 240 246
95. 2 disposal by means of silicates Nature 345 1990 486 (Pubitemid 20178904)
96. 2 mineral sequestration: physically activated dissolution of serpentine and pH swing process Chem Eng Sci 59 2004 5241 5247
97. 2 mineralization process with a recyclable reaction solution Energy 33 2008 776 784
98. S. Eloneva, A. Said, K.J. Fogelholm, and R. Zevenhoven Preliminary assessment of a method utilizing carbon dioxide and steelmaking slags to produce precipitated calcium carbonate Appl Energy 90 2012 329 334
99. A. Sanna, M. Dri, M.R. Hall, and M.M. Maroto-Valer Micro-silica for high-end application from carbon capture and storage by mineralisation Key Eng Mater 517 2012 737 744
100. A. Sanna, M. Dri, M.R. Hall, and M.M. Maroto-Valer Waste materials as a potential resource for carbon capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM) in the UK context Appl Energy 99 2012 545 554
101. 2 mineral carbonation Fuel Process Technol 113 2013 114 122
102. 2 mineral carbonation Fuel 90 2011 1229 1237
103. 2 capture and mineral carbonation by using recyclable ammonium salts ChemSusChem 4 2011 1291 1300
104. X. Wang, and M.M. Maroto-Valer Optimization of carbon dioxide capture and storage with mineralisation using recyclable ammonium salts Energy 2013 51 2013 431 438
105. S.C. Roy, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose, and C.A. Grimes Toward solar fuels: photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons ACS Nano 4/3 2010 1259 1278
106. 2 sequestration in brines Fuel Process Technol 98 2012 6 13
107. 2 nanorod films with localized surface Plasmon behavior Chem Phys Lett 531 2012 149 154
108. 2 reduction using an internally illuminated monolith photoreactor Energy Environ Sci 4 2011 1487 1494
109. 2 using sol-gel derived titania and titania-supported copper catalysts Appl Catal B Environ 37 2002 37 48 (Pubitemid 34191051)
110. C. Huang, W. Yao, A.T. Raissi, and N. Muradov Development of efficient photoreactors for solar hydrogen production Sol Energy 85 2011 19 27
111. A. de la Calle, L. Roca, L.J. Yebra, and S.N. Dormido Modeling of a two-step solar hydrogen production plant Int J Hydrog Energy 37 2012 10549 10556
112. 2 emission reduction from industrial flue gas streams Ind Eng Chem Res 45/8 2006 2558 2568 (Pubitemid 43671751)
113. M.A. Celia, and J.M. Nordbottena Practical modeling approaches for geological storage of carbon dioxide Ground Water 47 2009 627 638
114. 2 capture and storage with leakage in an energy-climate model Environ Model Assess 14 2009 135 148
115. 2 sequestration in saline aquifers Pet Sci 7 2010 83 92
116. 2 storage technology development United States carbon sequestration council report July 2011 2011
117. 2 geological storage and vice versa: the Frio brine pilot, Texas, USA as a case study Environ Geol 54 2008 1635 1656 (Pubitemid 351743665)
118. S. Solomon, M. Carpenter, and T.A. Flach Intermediate storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations: a technical perspective Int J Greenh Gas Control 2 2008 502 510
119. 2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change Energy Convers Manag 41 2000 953 970 (Pubitemid 30555871)
120. 2. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programmes, PH4/33; 2004.
121. M. Blunt, F.J. Fayers, and F.M. Orr Carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery Energy Convers Manag 34 1993 1197 1204 (Pubitemid 23710180)
122. 2 flooding projects for EOR and sequestration. In: Proceedings of the Canadian international petroleum conference. Calgary, Alberta; June 12-14, 2007.
123. 2-EOR and sequestration project Teapot Dome Oil Field, Wyoming, USA Energy Procedia 4 2011 3973 3980
124. 2 monitoring and storage project Fuel Process 86 2005 1547 1568
125. 2 storage in deep reservoirs: the Weyburn Project (Canada) case study Chem Geol 265 2009 181 197
126. R.W. Klusman Evaluation of leakage potential from a carbon dioxide EOR/sequestration project Energy Convers Manag 44 2003 1921 1940
127. 2 from large stationary sources and sequestration in geological formations - coalbeds and deep saline aquifers J AWMA 53 2003 645 715 (Pubitemid 36681523)
128. 2 sequestration in deep coal seams: pilot results and worldwide potential. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies (GHGT). Interlaken, Switzerland, August 30-September 2, 1998, Elsevier; 1999. p. 175-80.
129. 2 sequestration in deep unmineable coal seams. In: Conference Proceedings; CAPP/CERI industry best practices conference; 2000. p. 1-19.
130. J.R. Kelafant, S.H. Stevens, and C.M. Boyer II Coalbed gas-2: vast resource potential exists in many countries Oil Gas J 90 1992 80 85
131. 2-ECBM field tests in the Ishikari Coal Basin of Japan Int J Coal Geol 82 2010 287 298
132. Singh N. Deep saline aquifiers for sequestration of carbon dioxide. In: International geological congress, Oslo; August 2008.
133. S. Garcia, A. Kaminska, and M.M. Maroto-Valer Underground carbon dioxide storage in saline formations Waste Resour Manag 163 2010 77 88
134. U.S. DoE Carbon sequestration research and development; DOE/SC/FE-1 1999 U.S. Department of Energy Washington DC
135. M. Druckenmiller, M.M. Maroto-Valer, and M.A. Hill Investigation of carbon sequestration via induced calcite formation in natural gas well brine Energy Fuels 20 2006 172 179 (Pubitemid 43292813)
136. 2 sequestration in synthetic brines Fuel Process Technol 91 10 2010 1321 1329
137. 2 sequestration in brines Greenh Gases Sci Technol 1 3 2011 211 222
138. 2 Catal Commun 25 2012 78 82
139. 2 migration can both constrain storage capacity in deep saline aquifers Int J Greenh Gas Control 23 2014 113 118
140. 2 storage. In: 62nd EAGE meeting, paper B-20. Glasgow; 2000.
141. 2 into the Utsira formation Energy Convers Manag 36 1995 509 512
142. H. Kongsjorden, O. Karstad, and T.A. Torp Saline aquifer storage of carbon dioxide in the Sleipner Project Waste Manag 17 1997 303 308
143. Rai V, Chung NC, Thurber MC, Victor DG. PESD carbon storage project database. Working paper#76, The program on energy and sustainable development, Stanford University, Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1400118 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1400118; 2008.
144. 2 in saline aquifers - a review of the experience from existing storage operations Int J Greenh Gas Control 4 2010 659 667
145. 2 sequestration options J Chem Eng Jpn 36 2003 361 375 (Pubitemid 36967568)
146. K.Z. House, D.P. Schrag, C.F. Harvey, and K.S. Lackner Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 2006 12291 12295 (Pubitemid 44267252)
147. 2 Elements 4 2008 319 324
148. 2 injection on deep-sea biota Science 294 2001 319 320 (Pubitemid 32963391)
149. J.M. Hall-Spencer, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, S. Martin, E. Ransome, M. Fine, and S.M. Turner et al. Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification Nature 45 2008 96 99 (Pubitemid 351931977)
150. R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, F. Houlbrèque, É. Tambutté, F. Boisson, C. Baggini, and F.P. Patti et al. Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming (online 21 August 2011) Nat Clim Change 2011 10.1038/NCLIMATE1200
151. 2 leakages Appl Geochem 25 2010 696 704
152. 2 storage sites Appl Geochem 30 2013 105 113
153. 2 Elements 4-5 2008 333 337
154. J.M. Matter, and P.B. Kelemen Permanent storage of carbon dioxide in geologic reservoirs by mineral carbonation Nat Geosci 2 2009 837 841
155. 2 sequestration in Central Atlantic magmatic province basalts PNAS 107 2010 1327 1332
156. H.T. Schaef, B.P. McGrail, and A.T. Owen Carbonate mineralization of volcanic province basalts Int J Greenh Gas Control 4 2010 249 261
157. 2 storage life cycle risk management framework; 2009.
158. 2 recovery and sequestration Env Sci Technol 40 2006 4016 4024 (Pubitemid 43902407)
159. N.A. Odeh, and T.T. Cockerill Life cycle GHG assessment of fossil fuel-power plants with carbon capture and storage Energy Policy 36 2008 367 380 (Pubitemid 350177465)
160. M. Pehnt, and J. Henkel Life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide capture and storage from lignite power plants Int J Greenh Gas Control 3 2009 49 66
161. A. Schreiber, P. Zapp, and W. Kuckshinrichs Environmental assessment of German electricity generation from coal-fired power plants with amine-based carbon capture Int J Life Cycle Assess 14 2009 547 559
162. B. Singh, A.H. Strømman, and E. Hertwich Lifecycle assessment of natural gas combined cycle power plant with post-combustion carbon capture, transport and storage Int J Greenh Gas Control 5 2011 457 466
163. M. Elzahabi, and R.N. Yong pH influence on sorption characteristics of heavy metal in the vadose zone Eng Geol 60 2001 61 68 (Pubitemid 32608674)
164. 2-pipeline rupture Energy Convers 37 1996 1013 1018 (Pubitemid 126356681)
165. 2. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programmes, PH4/23; 2003.
166. 2CRC); 2003.
167. 2 injected into an aquifer. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies. Gale JJ, Kaya Y., editors. V1. Amsterdam: Pergamon; 2003. p. 489-94.
168. M.A. Celia, J.M. Nordbottena, S. Bachuc, M. Dobossya, and B. Courta Risk of leakage versus depth of injection in geological storage Energy Procedia 1 2009 2573 2580
169. 2 Soc Pet Eng SPE J. 9 2004 237 248
170. 2 release experiment Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2008
171. 2 leakage along wellbores Soc Pet Eng SPE Drill Complet 24 2009 115 126
172. S. Bachu CO2 storage in geological media: role, means, status and barriers to deployment Prog Energy Combust Sci 34 2008 254 273 (Pubitemid 351179081)
173. 2 leakage from geological storage: analytical models, numerical models and data needs. In: Proceedings of the 7th Greenhouse Gas Technology, Paper ID#228; 2004, 10 pp.
174. 2 leakage through an abandoned well Environ Sci Technol 39 2005 602 611
175. 2 leakage including multiple geological layers and multiple leaky wells Environ Sci Technol 43 2009 743 749
176. A. Hildenbrand, S. Scholmer, and B.M. Krooss Gas breakthrough experiments on fine-grained sedimentary rocks Geofluids 2 2002 3 23 (Pubitemid 34834326)
177. B.M. Krooss, D. Leythaeuser, and R.G. Schaefer The quantification of diffusive hydrocarbon losses through cap rocks of natural gas reservoirs - a reevaluation AAPG Bull 76 1992 403 406
178. 2 sequestration: depleted oil and gas reservoirs-caprock characterization and storage capacity Energy Convers Manag 47 2006 1372 1382 (Pubitemid 43374830)
179. International Energy Agency GHG. Wellbore integrity network summary report, 2012/01; 2012.
180. 2 from storage reservoirs: identification of features, events, and processes and lessons learned Environ Geol 52 2007 457 467 (Pubitemid 46465311)
181. 2 leak rates Physiol Plant 105 1999 74 80
182. 2 blowouts: an emerging problem World Oil 224 2003 223 238
183. 2. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies. Gale JJ, Kaya Y, editors, vol. V1. Amsterdam: Pergamon; 2003. p. 511-6.
184. 2 by mineral carbonation: stability against acid rain exposure Environ Sci Technol 44 2010 2735 2739
185. I.G. Enting, D.M. Etheridge, and M.J. Fielding A perturbation analysis of the climate benefit from geosequestration of carbon dioxide Int J Greenh Gas Control 2 2008 289 296
186. 2 injected at Sleipner using time-lapse seismic data Energy 29 2004 1383 1392 (Pubitemid 38729771)
187. 2 in New Zealand, report CCS-08/11, monitoring and verification methodologies. GNS Science Report 2009/64; 2009. 101 pp.
188. 2SINK test site at Ketzin (Germany) Int J Greenh Gas Control 4 2010 816 826
189. 2 plumes during storage in geological formations using temperature signals: numerical investigation Int J Greenh Gas Control 2 2008 319 328
190. D.W. Vasco, A. Rucci, A. Ferretti, F. Novali, R.C. Bissell, and P.S. Ringrose et al. Satellite-based measurements of surface deformation reveal fluid flow associated with the geological storage of carbon dioxide Geophys Res Lett 37 2010 L03303
191. 2 in depleted gas fields PNSA 109/2 2012 35 41
192. 2 monitoring and storage project. Final report of the European research team British Geological Survey Research Report RR/05/03 2005 (54 pp.)
193. 2 storage site at Ketzin (Germany) Energy Procedia 1 2009 2029 2035
194. International Energy Agency Report (2009), Technology Roadmap: Carbon capture and storage, OECD/IEA, Paris, Available at: www.iea.org/roadmaps/ccs- roadmap.asp.
195. DECC 2011 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures 2013 Department of Energy & Climate Change London, UK
196. S.C. Page, A.G. Williamson, and I.G. Mason Carbon capture and storage: fundamental thermodynamics and current technology Energy Policy 37 2009 3314 4424
197. 2 transport & storage cost curves Energy Procedia 4 2011 2732 2739
198. 2 greenhouse gas mitigation backstop for China's industrial and electric power sectors: insights from a comprehensive CCS cost curve Int J Greenh Gas Control 11 2012 73 85
199. 2 capture and storage Energy Policy 35 2007 4444 4454 (Pubitemid 46971934)
200. H.S. Kheshgi, H. Thomann, N.A. Bhore, R.B. Hirsch, M.E. Parker, and G.F. Teletzke Perspectives on CCS cost and economics SPE Econ Manag 4/1 2012 24 31
201. EU, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Supporting early demonstration of sustainable power generation from fossil fuels. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities; 2008.
202. E.S. Rubin Understanding the pitfalls of CCS cost estimates Int J Greenh Gas Control 10 2012 181 190
203. 2 avoidance costs of existing versus new fossil fuel power plants Energy Procedia 4 2011 1917 1924
204. M. Kennedy, and B. Basu An analysis of the climate change architecture Renew Sustain Energy Rev 34 2014 185 193
205. Green-Alliance.The CCS challenge: the practical potential for gas carbon capture and storage in Europe in 2030; 2012.
206. Fennell PS, Florin N, Napp T, Hills T. CCS from industrial sources. COP18-Collection: vol. 2012, COP18, 17. doi: 10.5339/stsp.2012.ccs.17@ cop18.2012.2012.issue-1; 2012.
207. Minchener AJ.Gasification based CCS challenges and opportunities for China. Fuel. Available on line http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.046; 2013.
208. D. Woolf, J.E. Amonette, F.A. Street-Perrott, J. Lehmann, and S. Joseph Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change Nat Commun 2010 56 10.1038/ncp,s1053 (1, Article no)
209. Matovic Darko Biochar as a viable carbon sequestration option: global and Canadian perspective Energy 36 2011 2011 2016
210. 2 concentration Carbon Manag 1 2010 145 160
211. 2 capture as a factor in power station investment decisions. Report No. 2006/8, May; 2006.
212. Ritter JA. Radically new adsorption cycles for carbon dioxide sequestration. University coal research contractors review meeting, U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; June 10, 2004.
213. 2 at power stations. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on greenhouse gas control technology. Cairns, Australia; August 13-16, 2000.
214. 2 capture and utilization for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and underground storage: a case study in Jilin Field, China Stud Surf Sci Catal 114 1998 201 206 (Pubitemid 128779787)
215. 2 gas in the northeastern China Acta Pet Sin 31 2010 61 67
216. ZERO website:http://www.zeroco2.no/projects/weyburn-midale-co2-project.
217. 2-injection enhanced oil recovery site, Saskatchewan, Canada Appl Geochem 20 2005 1131 1157 (Pubitemid 40717549)
218. 2 storage during EOR at the Weyburn-Midale Field Lead Edge 28 2009 838 842
219. 2 geologic storage by DOE/NETL's regional carbon sequestration partnership. US Carbon Sequestration Council.http://www.uscsc.org/Files/Admin/Educational-Papers/8. %20CO2-Sequestration-Capability- - -Where-Are-We- 31July10.pdf.
220. R. Esser, R. Levey, B. Mcpherson, W. O'Dowd, J. Litynski, and S. Plasynski (Geology conference series 2010) Preparing for a carbon constrained world; overview of the United States regional carbon sequestration partnerships programme and its Southwest Regional Partnership vol. 7 2010 Geological Society London, Petroleum 1189 1195
221. 2-flood enhanced oil recovery. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies; 2004.
222. Westermark RE, Schmeling J, Dauben DL, Robinowitz S, Weyland HV.Application of horizontal waterflooding to improve oil recovery from old fields. In: SPE/DOE symposium on improved oil recovery. Oklahoma, USA; 22-26 April 2006. isbn:978-1-55563-157-4.
223. S. Nader Paths to a low-carbon economy - the Masdar example Energy Procedia 1 2009 3951 3958
224. 2 capture facilities. In: Proceedings of the Abu Dhabi international petroleum exhibition and conference. Abu Dhabi, UAE; 1-4 November 2010. isbn:978-1-55563-315-8.
225. Friedmann SJ. Carbon capture and sequestration technologies: status and future deployment. UCRL-BOOK-235276,https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/353346. pdf; 2007.
226. Z.H. Lee, K.T. Lee, S. Bhatia, and A.R. Mohamed Post-combustion carbon dioxide capture: Evolution towards utilization of nanomaterials Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16 2012 2599 2609
227. From Hitachi Power Systems America, Ltd. websitehttp://www. hitachipowersystems/us/supportingdocs/forbus/hpsa/technical-papers/EP2005.pdf.
228. Reeves S, Oudinot A. The Tiffany Unit N2 - ECBM Pilot: a reservoir modeling study. U.S. Department of Energy Topical Report DE-FC26-0NT40924; 2004.
229. 2 capture, storage, and utilization. San Diego, California, USA; 2-4 November 2009.
230. 2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Greenh Issues, IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Program, 45, Novermber 1-3.
231. D.H. Smith, G. Bromhal, W.N. Sams, S. Jikich, and T. Ertekin Simulating carbon dioxide sequestration/ECBM production in coal seams: effects of permeability anisotropies and the diffusion-time constant SPE Reserv Eval Eng 8 2005 156 163 (Pubitemid 40621419)
232. K. Van Alphen, P.M. Noothout, M.P. Hekkert, and W.C. Turkenburg Evaluating the development of carbon capture and storage technologies in the United States Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14 2010 971 986
233. 2 disposal in aquifers within the Alberta sedimentary basin, Canada Energy Convers Manag 37 1996 1135 1142 (Pubitemid 126356700)
234. 2-storage experience vol. 233 2004 Geological Society London 225 234
235. 2 injection into a shallow underground aquifer. In: Proceedings of the 1996 SPE annual technical conference and exhibition. Denver, Colorado; 6-9 October 1996. Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper SPE 36600.
236. H. Hansen, O. Eiken, and T.O. Aasum Tracing the path of carbon dioxide from a gas-condensate reservoir, through the amine plant and back into a subsurface acquifer. Case study: the Sleipner area Norwegian North Sea. SPE 96742 2005
237. 2 storage project. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies. Vancouver, Canada; 5 September 2004.
238. 2 underground storage for Snøhvit gas field development Energy 29 2004 1403 1411 (Pubitemid 38728689)
239. Kaarstad, O. Presentation in IEA Asia Pacific Conference on Zero Emission Technologies. Queensland, Australia; 18 February 2004.
240. D.A. Barnes, D.H. Bacon, and S.R. Kelley Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in the Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone: regional storage capacity, site characterization, and large-scale injection feasibility, Michigan Basin Environ Geosci 16 2009 163 183
241. Barnes DA, Harrison WB III, Wahr, A. Assessment of regional geological carbon sequestration potential in upper Silurian to Middle Devonian Strata of the Michigan Basin. In: M. Grobe, J.C. Pashin and R.L. Dodge, (Eds.), Carbon dioxide sequestration in geological media-State of Science, AAPG Studies in Geology 59, 99-123.
242. J. Litynski, S. Plasynski, L. Spangler, R. Finley, E. Steadman, and D. Ball et al. U.S. department of energy's regional carbon sequestration. Partnership program: overview Energy Procedia 1 2009 3959 3967
243. T. Rodosta, J. Litynski, S. Plasynski, L. Spangler, R. Finley, and E. Steadman et al. US Department of Energy's regional carbon sequestration partnership initiative: update on validation and development phases Energy Procedia 4 2011 3457 3464
244. 2 injection: year two results from SECARB project at Denbury's Cranfield, Mississippi, USA Energy Procedia 4 2011 3478 3485
245. 2 capture, transportation and storage test Int J Clean Coal Energy 1 2012 13 26
246. 2 storage project numerical simulation and risk assessment report. U.S. Department of Energy Report Project #: DE-AC26-98FT40418; 2008.
247. Finley R. An integrated carbon sequestration deployment test at Decatur, Illinois. 2009 Portland GSA annual meeting Paper No. 22-14; 18-21 October 2009.
248. K. Hnottavange-Telleen, I. Krapac, and C. Vivalda Illinois Basin-Decatur Project: initial risk-assessment results and framework for evaluating site performance Energy Procedia 1 2009 2431 2438
249. Leetaru HE, Couëslan M, McBride J. Seismic reflection data interpretation of the proposed Illinois Basin-Decatur carbon sequestration site topical report 1: an assessment of geological carbon sequestration options in the Illinois Basin: Phase III. Report submitted by Illinois State Geological Survey to US DOE; 2009.
250. P.J. Cook Demonstration and deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage in Australia Energy Procedia 1 2009 3859 3866
251. 2 and natural gas storage, and radioactive waste disposal. Erice; September 25-30, 2010.
252. Flett M, Beacher G, Brantjes J, Burt A, Dauth C, Koelmeyer F, et al. Gorgon project: subsurface evaluation of carbon dioxide disposal under Barrow Island. In: Proceedings of the SPE Asia Pacific oil and gas conference and exhibition. Perth, Australia; 20-22 October 2008. isbn:978-1-55563-202-1.
253. 2 disposal for the Gorgon Project Energy Procedia 1 2009 3031 3038
254. B.N. Hooper The Latrobe Valley post-combustion capture project Energy Procedia 1 2009 1367 1372
255. 2 capture, storage, and utilization. San Diego, California, USA; 2-4 November 2009.