메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-184

Roc the mic right: The language of hip hop culture

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84905309755     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203006733     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (270)

References (260)
  • 3
    • 0040766322 scopus 로고
    • Rapping and capping: Black Talk as art
    • John Swzed (ed.), In Black America. New York: Basic Books
    • Abrahams, Roger. 1970. Rapping and capping: Black Talk as art. In John Swzed (ed.), In Black America. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1970)
    • Abrahams, R.1
  • 4
    • 0004236359 scopus 로고
    • Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House.
    • Abrahams, Roger. 1976. Talking Black. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House.
    • (1976) Talking Black
    • Abrahams, R.1
  • 5
    • 84905325449 scopus 로고
    • The Five Percent Solution
    • February
    • Ahearn, Charlie. 1991. The Five Percent Solution. Spin 6(11) (February): 54-57, 76.
    • (1991) Spin , vol.6 , Issue.11
    • Ahearn, C.1
  • 8
    • 84904018788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 360 Degreez of Black Art comin at you: Sista Sonia Sanchez and the dimensions of a Black Arts continuum
    • James G. Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being. , Fall
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2000. 360 Degreez of Black Art comin at you: Sista Sonia Sanchez and the dimensions of a Black Arts continuum. In James G. Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being. Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review, 6(1), Fall.
    • (2000) Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 9
    • 84905311159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • THREE-X-BLACK: Mos Def, Mr. Nigga (Nigga, Nigga) and Big Black Africa X-amine Hip Hop's cultural consciousness
    • H. Samy Alim (ed.), Stanford, CA: Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2001a. THREE-X-BLACK: Mos Def, Mr. Nigga (Nigga, Nigga) and Big Black Africa X-amine Hip Hop's cultural consciousness. In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly. Stanford, CA: Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University, 4-8.
    • (2001) Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly , pp. 4-8
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 10
    • 84905301204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly
    • Stanford, CA:Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University
    • Alim, H. Samy (ed.). 2001b. Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly. Stanford, CA:Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University.
    • (2001)
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 12
    • 0039485994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Street-conscious copula variation in the Hip Hop Nation
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2002. Street-conscious copula variation in the Hip Hop Nation. American Speech 77(3), 288-304.
    • (2002) American Speech , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 288-304
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 13
    • 34248700101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On some serious next millennium rap ishhh: Pharoahe Monch, Hip Hop poetics, and the internal rhymes of Internal Affairs
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2003. On some serious next millennium rap ishhh: Pharoahe Monch, Hip Hop poetics, and the internal rhymes of Internal Affairs. Journal of English Linguistics 31(1), 60-84.
    • (2003) Journal of English Linguistics , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-84
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 15
    • 84879074623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip Hop Nation Language
    • Edward Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2004b. Hip Hop Nation Language. In Edward Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Language in the USA: Perspectives for the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2004) Language in the USA: Perspectives for the 21st Century
    • Alim, H..1
  • 16
    • 77953487831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the transglobal Hip Hop umma
    • miriam cooke and Bruce Lawrence (eds), Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press
    • Alim, H. Samy. 2005. Exploring the transglobal Hip Hop umma. In miriam cooke and Bruce Lawrence (eds), Muslim Networks: From Hajj to Hip Hop. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press.
    • (2005) Muslim Networks: From Hajj to Hip Hop
    • Alim, H.S.1
  • 18
    • 84894796567 scopus 로고
    • Righteous indignation: Rappers talk about the strength of Hip-Hop and Islam
    • March/April
    • Allen, Harry. 1991. Righteous indignation: Rappers talk about the strength of Hip-Hop and Islam. The Source 48 (March/April): 48-53.
    • (1991) The Source , vol.48 , pp. 48-53
    • Allen, H.1
  • 22
    • 0348051488 scopus 로고
    • African elements in African American English
    • J. Holloway (ed.), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press
    • Asante, Molefi. 1990. African elements in African American English. In J. Holloway (ed.), Africanisms in American Culture. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 19-33.
    • (1990) Africanisms in American Culture , pp. 19-33
    • Asante, M.1
  • 24
    • 0010658957 scopus 로고
    • Toward a new perspective in Negro English dialectology
    • Bailey, Beryl. 1965. Toward a new perspective in Negro English dialectology. American Speech 40, 171-177.
    • (1965) American Speech , vol.40 , pp. 171-177
    • Bailey, B.1
  • 26
    • 33748579469 scopus 로고
    • Are Black and White vernaculars diverging?
    • Ralph Fasold et al. (eds
    • Bailey, Guy. 1987. Are Black and White vernaculars diverging?" In Ralph Fasold et al. (eds), American Speech 62.
    • (1987) American Speech , pp. 62
    • Bailey, G.1
  • 27
    • 84965761493 scopus 로고
    • Text design patterns in the writing of urban African-American students: Teaching to the strengths of students in multicultural settings
    • Ball, Arnetha. 1995. Text design patterns in the writing of urban African-American students: Teaching to the strengths of students in multicultural settings. Urban Education 30(3).
    • (1995) Urban Education , vol.30 , Issue.3
    • Ball, A.1
  • 29
    • 0012798722 scopus 로고
    • A reexamination of the Black English copula
    • William Labov (ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Baugh, John. 1980. A reexamination of the Black English copula. In William Labov (ed.), Locating Language in Space and Time. New York: Academic Press, 83-106.
    • (1980) Locating Language in Space and Time , pp. 83-106
    • Baugh, J.1
  • 31
    • 84930564035 scopus 로고
    • The politicization of changing terms of self-reference among American slave descendants
    • Baugh, John. 1991. The politicization of changing terms of self-reference among American slave descendants. American Speech 66(2): 133-146.
    • (1991) American Speech , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-146
    • Baugh, J.1
  • 35
    • 84905326539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic emancipation in global perspective
    • In press, H. Samy Alim and John Baugh (eds), New York: Teachers College Press
    • Baugh, John and Geneva Smitherman. In press. Linguistic emancipation in global perspective. In H. Samy Alim and John Baugh (eds), Black Language, Education, and Social Change. New York: Teachers College Press.
    • Black Language, Education, and Social Change
    • Baugh, J.1    Smitherman, G.2
  • 37
    • 84928305976 scopus 로고
    • Language style as audience design
    • Bell, Allan. 1984. Language style as audience design. Language in Society 13: 145-204.
    • (1984) Language in Society , vol.13 , pp. 145-204
    • Bell, A.1
  • 38
    • 4243167212 scopus 로고
    • Audience accommodation in the mass media
    • Howard Giles, Justine Coupland, and Nikolas Coupland (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bell, Allan. 1991. Audience accommodation in the mass media. In Howard Giles, Justine Coupland, and Nikolas Coupland (eds), Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 69-102.
    • (1991) Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Linguistics , pp. 69-102
    • Bell, A.1
  • 39
    • 0040469882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back in style: Reworking audience design
    • Penelope Eckert and John Rickford (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bell, Allan. 2001. Back in style: Reworking audience design. In Penelope Eckert and John Rickford (eds), Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 139-169.
    • (2001) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation , pp. 139-169
    • Bell, A.1
  • 40
    • 23944517335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Emily and Brendan more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination
    • Bertrand, Marianne and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004. Are Emily and Brendan more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. American Economic Review 94(4): 991-1013.
    • (2004) American Economic Review , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 991-1013
    • Bertrand, M.1    Mullainathan, S.2
  • 46
    • 84905301721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language and gender
    • Ed Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bucholtz, Mary. 2003. Language and gender. In Ed Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Language in the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2003) Language in the USA
    • Bucholtz, M.1
  • 49
    • 84905303175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Samy Alim, San Francisco. November.
    • Chuck D. 1999. Interview with H. Samy Alim, San Francisco. November.
    • (1999) Interview with H
    • Chuck, D.1
  • 50
    • 84905295555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Issues Book Review. March-April.
    • Cook, Dara. 2000. The aesthetics of rap. Black Issues Book Review. March-April.
    • (2000) The aesthetics of rap
    • Cook, D.1
  • 51
    • 84887762577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California: University of California Press.
    • Cook, David. 2005. Understanding Jihad. California: University of California Press.
    • (2005) Understanding Jihad
    • Cook, D.1
  • 53
    • 84894262316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yorkville Crossing: White teens, Hip Hop and African American English
    • Cutler, Cecelia. 1999. Yorkville Crossing: White teens, Hip Hop and African American English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3/4: 428-442.
    • (1999) Journal of Sociolinguistics , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 428-442
    • Cutler, C.1
  • 54
    • 84925903306 scopus 로고
    • How I got over: Communication dynamics in the Black community
    • February
    • Daniel, Jack and Geneva Smitherman. 1976. How I got over: Communication dynamics in the Black community. Quarterly Journal of Speech 62, February.
    • (1976) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.62
    • Daniel, J.1    Smitherman, G.2
  • 56
    • 33644514538 scopus 로고
    • An Africanist approach to the linguistic study of Black English: Getting to the roots of the tense-aspect-modality and copula systems in Afro-American
    • S. Mufwene (ed), Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press
    • DeBose, Charles and Nicholas Faraclas. 1993. An Africanist approach to the linguistic study of Black English: Getting to the roots of the tense-aspect-modality and copula systems in Afro-American. In S. Mufwene (ed), Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 364-387.
    • (1993) Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties , pp. 364-387
    • DeBose, C.1    Faraclas, N.2
  • 57
    • 84930368636 scopus 로고
    • The state of Rap: Time and place in Hip Hop Nationalism
    • Decker, Jeffrey Louis. 1993. The state of Rap: Time and place in Hip Hop Nationalism. Social Text 34: 53-84.
    • (1993) Social Text , vol.34 , pp. 53-84
    • Decker, J.L.1
  • 58
    • 0004015102 scopus 로고
    • New York: Random House.
    • Dillard, Joseph. 1972. Black English. New York: Random House.
    • (1972) Black English
    • Dillard, J.1
  • 60
    • 84905306231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished interview with the author
    • DJ Hi-Tek. 2000. Unpublished interview with the author.
    • (2000)
    • Hi-Tek, D.J.1
  • 61
    • 0004097752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • Duranti, Alessandro. 1997. Linguistic Anthropology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1997) Linguistic Anthropology
    • Duranti, A.1
  • 63
    • 11344257386 scopus 로고
    • Performance, protest and prophesy in the culture of Hip Hop
    • Spring
    • Dyson, Michael Eric. 1991. Performance, protest and prophesy in the culture of Hip Hop. Black Sacred Music: A Journal of Theomusicology 5(1), Spring.
    • (1991) Black Sacred Music: A Journal of Theomusicology , vol.5 , Issue.1
    • Dyson, M.E.1
  • 64
    • 8744228313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond difference and domination? Intercultural communicaton in legal contexts
    • Scott Kiesling and Christina Bratt Paulston (eds), Malden, MA: Blackwell
    • Eades, Diana. 2005. Beyond difference and domination? Intercultural communicaton in legal contexts. In Scott Kiesling and Christina Bratt Paulston (eds), Intercultural Discourse and Communication: The essential readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 304-317.
    • (2005) Intercultural Discourse and Communication: The essential readings , pp. 304-317
    • Eades, D.1
  • 66
    • 84905313869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sociolinguistics of Rap lyrics
    • Barbara Lalla et al. (eds), University of West Indies Press
    • Edwards, Walter. 1999. The sociolinguistics of Rap lyrics. In Barbara Lalla et al. (eds), Studies in Caribbean Language, Volume II. University of West Indies Press.
    • (1999) Studies in Caribbean Language , vol.II
    • Edwards, W.1
  • 67
    • 79957089172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palestinian conflict bounces to a new beat
    • Spring. University of Southern California
    • El-Sabawi, Taleed. 2005. Palestinian conflict bounces to a new beat. Angelingo 2(2), Spring. University of Southern California (http://angelingo.usc.edu).
    • (2005) Angelingo , vol.2 , Issue.2
    • El-Sabawi, T.1
  • 74
    • 80053793237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A jihad of words: The evolution of African American Islam and contemporary Hip-Hop
    • Anthony B. Pinn, New York: New York University Press
    • Floyd-Thomas, Juan M. 2003 A jihad of words: The evolution of African American Islam and contemporary Hip-Hop. In Anthony B. Pinn, The Religious and Spiritual Sensibilities of Rap Music. New York: New York University Press, 49-72.
    • (2003) The Religious and Spiritual Sensibilities of Rap Music , pp. 49-72
    • Floyd-Thomas, J.M.1
  • 77
    • 0001857409 scopus 로고
    • The order of discourse
    • M. Shapiro (ed.), Oxford: Basil Blackwell
    • Foucault, Michel. 1984. The order of discourse. In M. Shapiro (ed.), Language and Politics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 108-138.
    • (1984) Language and Politics , pp. 108-138
    • Foucault, M.1
  • 81
    • 85045642184 scopus 로고
    • Accent mobility: A model and some data
    • Giles, Howard. 1973. Accent mobility: A model and some data. Anthropological Lingusitics 15: 87-105.
    • (1973) Anthropological Lingusitics , vol.15 , pp. 87-105
    • Giles, H.1
  • 86
    • 77953353868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American English
    • Edward Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Green, Lisa. 2004. African American English. In Edward Finegan and John Rickford (eds), Language in the USA: Perspectives for the 21st Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2004) Language in the USA: Perspectives for the 21st Century
    • Green, L.1
  • 88
    • 0004183429 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gumperz, John. 1982a. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) Discourse Strategies
    • Gumperz, J.1
  • 92
    • 0032275874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language, race, and White public space
    • Hill, Jane. 1998. Language, race, and White public space. American Anthropologist 100(3), 680-689.
    • (1998) American Anthropologist , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 680-689
    • Hill, J.1
  • 93
    • 84876216578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Language of White Racism
    • Hill, Jane. Forthcoming. The Language of White Racism.
    • Forthcoming
    • Hill, J.1
  • 95
    • 84927456991 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the copula in Black English and its creole kin
    • Holm, John. 1984. Variability of the copula in Black English and its creole kin. American Speech 59: 291-309.
    • (1984) American Speech , vol.59 , pp. 291-309
    • Holm, J.1
  • 96
    • 84937299322 scopus 로고
    • The sociolinguistic patterns of native Arabic speakers:Implications for teaching Arabic as a foreign language
    • Hussein, Anwar A. 1995. The sociolinguistic patterns of native Arabic speakers:Implications for teaching Arabic as a foreign language. Applied Language Learning 6(1-2): 65-87.
    • (1995) Applied Language Learning , vol.6 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 65-87
    • Hussein, A.A.1
  • 97
    • 0002748384 scopus 로고
    • Models of interaction of language and social life
    • John Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
    • Hymes, Dell. 1972. Models of interaction of language and social life. In John Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), Directions in Sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 35-71.
    • (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics , pp. 35-71
    • Hymes, D.1
  • 99
    • 84872118438 scopus 로고
    • Foreword
    • Charles A. Ferguson and Shirley B. Heath (eds), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Hymes, Dell. 1981. Foreword. In Charles A. Ferguson and Shirley B. Heath (eds), Language in the U.S.A. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1981) Language in the U.S.A
    • Hymes, D.1
  • 100
    • 84905315594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hey, whassup homeboy?": Performativity, Hip Hop and the politics of identity
    • In press, H. Samy Alim and Alastair Pennycook (eds, Special issue of Journal of Language, Identity, and Education
    • Ibrahim, Awad. In press. "Hey, whassup homeboy?": Performativity, Hip Hop and the politics of identity. In H. Samy Alim and Alastair Pennycook (eds), Global Hip Hop Culture, youth identities, and the politics of language education. Special issue of Journal of Language, Identity, and Education.
    • Global Hip Hop Culture, youth identities, and the politics of language education
    • Ibrahim, A.1
  • 101
  • 102
    • 84905320524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making connections in the contact zones: towards a critical praxis of Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture
    • H. Samy Alim (ed.), Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly. Stanford, CA:Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University
    • Jackson, Austin, Tony Michel, David Sheridan, and Bryan Stumpf. 2001. Making connections in the contact zones: towards a critical praxis of Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. In H. Samy Alim (ed.) Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly. Stanford, CA:Committee on Black Performing Arts, Stanford University.
    • (2001) Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth
    • Jackson, A.1    Michel, T.2    Sheridan, D.3    Stumpf, B.4
  • 105
    • 3042578412 scopus 로고
    • Verbal art performance in Rap Music: The conversation of the 80's
    • Fall
    • Keyes, Cheryl. 1984. Verbal art performance in Rap Music: The conversation of the 80's. Folklore Forum 17(2), Fall: 143-152.
    • (1984) Folklore Forum , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-152
    • Keyes, C.1
  • 109
    • 84905327013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KRS-One. The Temple of Hip Hop Kulture.
    • KRS-One. 2000. The First Overstanding: Refinitions. The Temple of Hip Hop Kulture.
    • (2000) The First Overstanding: Refinitions
  • 111
    • 0000473370 scopus 로고
    • Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the English copula
    • Labov, William. 1969. Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the English copula. Language 45: 715-762.
    • (1969) Language , vol.45 , pp. 715-762
    • Labov, W.1
  • 113
    • 0003695433 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
    • Labov, William. 1972b. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    • (1972) Sociolinguistic Patterns
    • Labov, W.1
  • 114
    • 84974201184 scopus 로고
    • Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science: The case for the Black English trial in Ann Arbor
    • Labov, William. 1982. Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science: The case for the Black English trial in Ann Arbor. Language in Society 11: 165-201.
    • (1982) Language in Society , vol.11 , pp. 165-201
    • Labov, W.1
  • 119
    • 0039879611 scopus 로고
    • Projection, focusing, diffusion
    • LePage, Robert. 1980. Projection, focusing, diffusion. York Papers in Linguistics 9:9-31.
    • (1980) York Papers in Linguistics , vol.9 , pp. 9-31
    • LePage, R.1
  • 124
    • 84905320244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masari. Samy Alim. San Francisco.
    • Masari. 2001. Unpublished interview with H. Samy Alim. San Francisco.
    • (2001) Unpublished interview with H
  • 126
    • 84900879609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Returning to The Source, En Diaspora: Historicizing the emergence of the Hip Hop Cultural Movement in France
    • Meghelli, Samir. 2004. Returning to The Source, En Diaspora: Historicizing the emergence of the Hip Hop Cultural Movement in France. Proud Flesh (3).
    • (2004) Proud Flesh , Issue.3
    • Meghelli, S.1
  • 129
    • 0010533751 scopus 로고
    • Language Behavior in a Black Urban Community
    • Monograph No. 2, University of California, Berkeley.
    • Mitchell-Kernan, Claudia. 1971. Language Behavior in a Black Urban Community. Monograph No. 2. Language Behavior Laboratory. University of California, Berkeley.
    • (1971) Language Behavior Laboratory
    • Mitchell-Kernan, C.1
  • 130
    • 0008999113 scopus 로고
    • Signifying and marking: Two Afro-American speech acts
    • John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston
    • Mitchell-Kernan, Claudia. 1972. Signifying and marking: Two Afro-American speech acts. In John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes (eds), Directions in Sociolinguistics. New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    • (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics
    • Mitchell-Kernan, C.1
  • 133
    • 84930566247 scopus 로고
    • Indirectness and interpretation in African American women's discourse
    • Morgan, Marcyliena. 1991. Indirectness and interpretation in African American women's discourse. Pragmatics 1(4): 421-451.
    • (1991) Pragmatics , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-451
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 134
    • 0002009661 scopus 로고
    • The African American speech community: Reality and sociolinguistics
    • Marcyliena Morgan (ed.), Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, UCLA
    • Morgan, Marcyliena. 1994. The African American speech community: Reality and sociolinguistics. In Marcyliena Morgan (ed.), Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, UCLA, 121-148.
    • (1994) Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations , pp. 121-148
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 135
    • 0003380366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversational signifying: Grammar and indirectness among African American women
    • E. Ochs, E. Schegloff, and S. Thompson (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Morgan, Marcyliena. 1996. Conversational signifying: Grammar and indirectness among African American women. In E. Ochs, E. Schegloff, and S. Thompson (eds), Grammar and Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1996) Grammar and Interaction
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 136
    • 85139696595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than a mood or an attitude: Discourse and verbal genres in African-American culture
    • S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), New York: Routledge
    • Morgan, Marcyliena. 1998. More than a mood or an attitude: Discourse and verbal genres in African-American culture. In S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), African American English: Structure, History, and Usage. New York: Routledge, 251-281.
    • (1998) African American English: Structure, History, and Usage , pp. 251-281
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 137
    • 0039285042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuthin' but a G thang": Grammar and language ideology in Hip Hop identity
    • Sonja Lanehart (ed.), Athens: University of Georgia Press
    • Morgan, Marcyliena. 2001. "Nuthin' but a G thang": Grammar and language ideology in Hip Hop identity. In Sonja Lanehart (ed.) Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American Vernacular English. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
    • (2001) Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American Vernacular English
    • Morgan, M.1
  • 139
    • 84905298566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mos Def. Samy Alim. October.
    • Mos Def. 2000. Personal interview with H. Samy Alim. October.
    • (2000) Personal interview with H
  • 140
    • 84905307357 scopus 로고
    • Interview with Thomas LeClair in the New Republic
    • cited in
    • Morrison, Toni. 1981. Interview with Thomas LeClair in the New Republic. March 21:25-29, cited in
    • (1981) March , vol.21 , pp. 25-29
    • Morrison, T.1
  • 143
    • 76049101473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Not dogmatically/ It's all about me": Contested values in a high school Rap crew
    • Newman, Michael. 2001. "Not dogmatically/ It's all about me": Contested values in a high school Rap crew. Taboo: A Journal of Culture and Education 5(2):51-68.
    • (2001) Taboo: A Journal of Culture and Education , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 51-68
    • Newman, M.1
  • 145
    • 84989392129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phat lines: Spelling conventions in Rap Music
    • Olivo, Warren. 2001. Phat lines: Spelling conventions in Rap Music. Written Language and Literacy 4(1): 67-85.
    • (2001) Written Language and Literacy , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-85
    • Olivo, W.1
  • 146
    • 2942563065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beat streets in the global hood: Connective marginalities of the Hip Hop globe
    • Osumare, Halifu. 2001. Beat streets in the global hood: Connective marginalities of the Hip Hop globe. Journal of American and Comparative Cultures 24.
    • (2001) Journal of American and Comparative Cultures , pp. 24
    • Osumare, H.1
  • 147
    • 84905291351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troping Blackness in the Hip Hop global 'hood
    • H. Samy Alim (ed.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts
    • Osumare, Halifu. 2002. Troping Blackness in the Hip Hop global 'hood. In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly 6(3), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts.
    • (2002) Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of the Black Arts Quarterly , vol.6 , Issue.3
    • Osumare, H.1
  • 149
    • 11344265495 scopus 로고
    • Nation of Islam ideology in the Rap of Public Enemy
    • Perkins, William Eric. 1991. Nation of Islam ideology in the Rap of Public Enemy. Black Sacred Music: A Journal of Theomusiology 5(1): 41-50.
    • (1991) Black Sacred Music: A Journal of Theomusiology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-50
    • Perkins, W.E.1
  • 155
    • 84905320943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper Presented at the University of Pennsylvania's conference on Islam and the Globalization of Hip Hop
    • Peterson, James. 2001. Paper Presented at the University of Pennsylvania's conference on Islam and the Globalization of Hip Hop.
    • (2001)
    • Peterson, J.1
  • 160
    • 48249087535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postcolonial popular music in France
    • Tony Mitchell (ed.), Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press
    • Prevos, Andre J. M. 2001. Postcolonial popular music in France. In Tony Mitchell (ed.), Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
    • (2001) Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA
    • Prevos, A.J.M.1
  • 163
    • 0039876911 scopus 로고
    • Rapping: a sociolinguistic study of oral tradition in Black urban communities in the United States
    • Remes, Pieter. 1991. Rapping: a sociolinguistic study of oral tradition in Black urban communities in the United States. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 22(2): 129-149.
    • (1991) Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-149
    • Remes, P.1
  • 164
    • 0010742480 scopus 로고
    • The question of prior Creolization in Black English
    • Albert Valdman (ed.), Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Rickford, John. 1977. The question of prior Creolization in Black English. In Albert Valdman (ed.), Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 190-221.
    • (1977) Pidgin and Creole Linguistics , pp. 190-221
    • Rickford, J.1
  • 165
    • 85139690496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The creole origins of African American Vernacular English:Evidence from copula absence
    • S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), London and New York:Routledge
    • Rickford, John. 1998. The creole origins of African American Vernacular English:Evidence from copula absence. In S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), African American English: Structure, History and Use. London and New York:Routledge, 154-200.
    • (1998) African American English: Structure, History and Use , pp. 154-200
    • Rickford, J.1
  • 167
    • 0039285040 scopus 로고
    • Addressee- and topic-influenced style shift:A quantitative sociolinguistic study
    • Douglas Biber and Edward Finegan (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Rickford, John and Faye McNair-Knox. 1994. Addressee- and topic-influenced style shift:A quantitative sociolinguistic study. In Douglas Biber and Edward Finegan (eds), Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 235-276.
    • (1994) Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register , pp. 235-276
    • Rickford, J.1    McNair-Knox, F.2
  • 170
    • 84974022131 scopus 로고
    • Rappin on the copula coffin: Theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of copula variation in African American Vernacular English
    • Rickford, John, Arnetha Ball, Renee Blake, Raina Jackson, and Nomi Martin. 1991. Rappin on the copula coffin: Theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of copula variation in African American Vernacular English. Language Variation and Change 3: 103-132.
    • (1991) Language Variation and Change , vol.3 , pp. 103-132
    • Rickford, J.1    Ball, A.2    Blake, R.3    Jackson, R.4    Martin, N.5
  • 177
  • 179
    • 84905310806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrid identities in Quebec Hip Hop: Language, territory, and ethnicity in the mix
    • In press, H. Samy Alim and Alastair Pennycook (eds), Special issue of Journal of Language, Identity, and Education
    • Sarkar, Mela and Dawn Allen. In press. Hybrid identities in Quebec Hip Hop: Language, territory, and ethnicity in the mix. In H. Samy Alim and Alastair Pennycook (eds), Global Hip Hop Culture, youth identities, and the politics of language education. Special issue of Journal of Language, Identity, and Education.
    • Global Hip Hop Culture, youth identities, and the politics of language education
    • Sarkar, M.1    Allen, D.2
  • 180
    • 0003771802 scopus 로고
    • ed. C. Bally and A. Sechehaye, trans. W. Baskin. London: Peter Owen
    • Saussure, F. de. 1960. Course in General Linguistics, ed. C. Bally and A. Sechehaye, trans. W. Baskin. London: Peter Owen.
    • (1960) Course in General Linguistics
    • Saussure, F.D.1
  • 182
    • 0040022492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative inversion in African American Vernacular English
    • Sells, Peter, John Rickford, and Thomas Wasow. 1996. Negative inversion in African American Vernacular English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14(3):591-627.
    • (1996) Natural Language and Linguistic Theory , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 591-627
    • Sells, P.1    Rickford, J.2    Wasow, T.3
  • 184
    • 84905310930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement available at
    • Sister Souljah. Statement available at http://www.theroc.org/roc-mag/textarch/roc09/roc09-07.htm.
    • Souljah, S.1
  • 185
    • 27744462865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is Black English? What is Ebonics?
    • Theresa Perry and Lisa Delpit (eds), Boston: Beacon Press
    • Smith, Ernie. 1998. What is Black English? What is Ebonics? In Theresa Perry and Lisa Delpit (eds), The Real Ebonics Debate. Boston: Beacon Press.
    • (1998) The Real Ebonics Debate
    • Smith, E.1
  • 187
    • 0003425347 scopus 로고
    • Houghton Mifflin; reissued, with revisions, Detroit: Wayne State University Press
    • Smitherman, Geneva. 1977 (1986). Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America. Houghton Mifflin; reissued, with revisions, Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
    • (1977) Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America
    • Smitherman, G.1
  • 189
    • 84930565403 scopus 로고
    • "What is African to Me?": Language, ideology and African American
    • Smitherman, Geneva. 1991. "What is African to Me?": Language, ideology and African American. American Speech 66(2): 115-132.
    • (1991) American Speech , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-132
    • Smitherman, G.1
  • 191
    • 84990342681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chain remain the same": Communicative practices in the Hip-Hop Nation
    • September
    • Smitherman, Geneva. 1997. "The chain remain the same": Communicative practices in the Hip-Hop Nation. Journal of Black Studies, September.
    • (1997) Journal of Black Studies
    • Smitherman, G.1
  • 196
    • 84904026222 scopus 로고
    • Living in America where the brother got to get esoterica: The Philly Hip Hop Language and philosophy of Schooly D
    • Spady, James. 1994. Living in America where the brother got to get esoterica: The Philly Hip Hop Language and philosophy of Schooly D. Fourth Dimension 4(1):26-27.
    • (1994) Fourth Dimension , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-27
    • Spady, J.1
  • 197
    • 84905315397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centrality of Black Language in the discourse of Sonia Sanchez and Rap artists
    • James Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being, Fall
    • Spady, James G. 2000a. The centrality of Black Language in the discourse of Sonia Sanchez and Rap artists. In James Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being. Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review 6.1, Fall.
    • (2000) Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review , vol.6 , pp. 1
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 199
    • 84905289079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurupt's journey from Pickett Middle School to a space boogie universe
    • Spady, James G. 2001. Kurupt's journey from Pickett Middle School to a space boogie universe. Philadelphia New Observer, July 25, 18-19.
    • (2001) Philadelphia New Observer, July , vol.25 , pp. 18-19
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 200
    • 84905303722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving in silence: Motion, movement and music in a Hip Hop centered cultural universe
    • H. Samy Alim (ed.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts
    • Spady, James G. 2002. Moving in silence: Motion, movement and music in a Hip Hop centered cultural universe. In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly 6(3), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts.
    • (2002) Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly , vol.6 , Issue.3
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 201
    • 84890155810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hip Hop Nation as a site of African-American cultural and historical memory
    • Spady, James G. 2004. The Hip Hop Nation as a site of African-American cultural and historical memory. Dumvoices Revue, 154-166.
    • (2004) Dumvoices Revue , pp. 154-166
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 202
    • 0041063990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Street conscious Rap: Modes of being
    • Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers
    • Spady, James G. and H. Samy Alim. 1999. Street conscious Rap: Modes of being. In Street Conscious Rap. Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers.
    • (1999) Street Conscious Rap
    • Spady, J.G.1    Alim, S.H.2
  • 205
    • 0041063990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers.
    • Spady, James G., H. Samy Alim, and Charles Lee (Art Director). 1999. Street Conscious Rap. Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers.
    • (1999) Street Conscious Rap
    • Spady, J.G.1    Samy Alim, H.2    Lee, C.3
  • 207
    • 84925979100 scopus 로고
    • The Black English semi-auxiliary come
    • Spears, Arthur K. 1982. The Black English semi-auxiliary come. Language 58: 850-872.
    • (1982) Language , vol.58 , pp. 850-872
    • Spears, A.K.1
  • 208
    • 85139600551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American language use: Ideology and so-called obscenity
    • S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), New York: Routledge
    • Spears, Arthur K. 1998. African-American language use: Ideology and so-called obscenity. In S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), African American English: Structure, History, and Usage. New York: Routledge, 226-250.
    • (1998) African American English: Structure, History, and Usage , pp. 226-250
    • Spears, A.K.1
  • 211
    • 84990342681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chain remain the same": Communicative practices in the Hip-Hop Nation
    • September
    • Smitherman, Geneva. 1997. "The chain remain the same": Communicative practices in the Hip-Hop Nation. Journal of Black Studies, September.
    • (1997) Journal of Black Studies
    • Smitherman, G.1
  • 215
    • 84905309958 scopus 로고
    • IMA PUT MY THING DOWN": Afro-American expressive culture and the Hip Hop community
    • TYANABA: Revue de la Societe d'Anthropologie. December
    • Spady, James. 1993. "IMA PUT MY THING DOWN": Afro-American expressive culture and the Hip Hop community. TYANABA: Revue de la Societe d'Anthropologie. December.
    • (1993)
    • Spady, J.1
  • 216
    • 84904026222 scopus 로고
    • Living in America where the brother got to get esoterica: The Philly Hip Hop Language and philosophy of Schooly D
    • Spady, James. 1994. Living in America where the brother got to get esoterica: The Philly Hip Hop Language and philosophy of Schooly D. Fourth Dimension 4(1):26-27.
    • (1994) Fourth Dimension , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-27
    • Spady, J.1
  • 217
    • 84905315397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centrality of Black Language in the discourse of Sonia Sanchez and Rap artists
    • James Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being, Fall
    • Spady, James G. 2000a. The centrality of Black Language in the discourse of Sonia Sanchez and Rap artists. In James Spady (ed.), 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being. Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review 6.1, Fall.
    • (2000) Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 218
    • 84905315397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being
    • Fall
    • Spady, James G. (ed.). 2000b. 360 Degreez of Sonia Sanchez: Hip Hop, Narrativity, Iquawe and Public Spaces of Being. Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review 6.1, Fall.
    • (2000) Special issue of Bma: The Sonia Sanchez Literary Review , vol.6 , pp. 1
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 219
    • 84905289079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurupt's journey from Pickett Middle School to a space boogie universe
    • Spady, James G. 2001. Kurupt's journey from Pickett Middle School to a space boogie universe. Philadelphia New Observer, July 25, 18-19.
    • (2001) Philadelphia New Observer, July , vol.25 , pp. 18-19
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 220
    • 84905303722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving in silence: Motion, movement and music in a Hip Hop centered cultural universe
    • In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts
    • Spady, James G. 2002. Moving in silence: Motion, movement and music in a Hip Hop centered cultural universe. In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly 6(3), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts.
    • (2002) Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly , vol.6 , Issue.3
    • Spady, J.G.1
  • 225
    • 0041063990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers.
    • Spady, James G., H. Samy Alim, and Charles Lee (Art Director). 1999. Street Conscious Rap. Philadelphia: Black History Museum/Umum Loh Publishers.
    • (1999) Street Conscious Rap
    • Spady, J.G.1    Samy Alim, H.2    Lee, C.3
  • 227
    • 84925979100 scopus 로고
    • The Black English semi-auxiliary come
    • Spears, Arthur K. 1982. The Black English semi-auxiliary come. Language 58: 850-872.
    • (1982) Language , vol.58 , pp. 850-872
    • Spears, A.K.1
  • 228
    • 85139600551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American language use: Ideology and so-called obscenity
    • In S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), New York: Routledge
    • Spears, Arthur K. 1998. African-American language use: Ideology and so-called obscenity. In S. Mufwene, J. Rickford, G. Bailey and J. Baugh (eds), African American English: Structure, History, and Usage. New York: Routledge, 226-250.
    • (1998) African American English: Structure, History, and Usage , pp. 226-250
    • Spears, A.K.1
  • 229
    • 84905312878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stressed stay: A new African-American English aspect marker
    • Washington DC, January. 178 Roc the Mic Right
    • Spears, Arthur K. 2000. Stressed stay: A new African-American English aspect marker. Paper presented at the Linguistic Society of America Convention, Washington DC, January. 178 Roc the Mic Right
    • (2000) Paper presented at the Linguistic Society of America Convention
    • Spears, A.K.1
  • 233
    • 0002664554 scopus 로고
    • Toward a history of American Negro Dialect
    • F. Williams (ed.), Chicago: Markham
    • Stewart, William. 1972. Toward a history of American Negro Dialect. In F. Williams (ed.), Language and Poverty: Perspectives on a Theme. Chicago: Markham, 351-379.
    • (1972) Language and Poverty: Perspectives on a Theme , pp. 351-379
    • Stewart, W.1
  • 235
    • 42549119134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islamic Hip-Hop versus Islamophobia
    • Tony Mitchell (ed.), Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press
    • Swedenburg, Ted. 2001. Islamic Hip-Hop versus Islamophobia. In Tony Mitchell (ed.), Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
    • (2001) Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA
    • Swedenburg, T.1
  • 236
    • 79960042012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip Hop music in the transglobal Islamic underground
    • H. Samy Alim (ed.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts
    • Swedenburg, Ted. 2002. Hip Hop music in the transglobal Islamic underground. In H. Samy Alim (ed.), Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly 6(3), Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Committee on Black Performing Arts.
    • (2002) Black Culture's Global Impact. Special issue of The Black Arts Quarterly , vol.6 , Issue.3
    • Swedenburg, T.1
  • 243
    • 84905321850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performing success" and "successful performances": Chicanas and Chicanos "playing the game" or "selling-out" in education
    • K. Alexander, G. Anderson and B. Gallegos (eds), New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates
    • Urrieta, Luis, Jr. 2004. "Performing success" and "successful performances": Chicanas and Chicanos "playing the game" or "selling-out" in education. In B.K. Alexander, G. Anderson and B. Gallegos (eds), Performance in Education: Teaching, Reform, and Identities as Social Performance. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
    • (2004) Performance in Education: Teaching, Reform, and Identities as Social Performance
    • Urrieta Jr., L.1
  • 244
    • 0039876915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rephrasing the vopula: Contraction and zero in Early African American English
    • S. Poplack (ed.), Malden and Oxford: Blackwell
    • Walker, James. 2000. Rephrasing the vopula: Contraction and zero in Early African American English. In S. Poplack (ed.), The English History of African American English. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2000) The English History of African American English
    • Walker, J.1
  • 246
    • 0012273349 scopus 로고
    • Challenges for Muslim women in a postmodern world
    • Akbar S. Ahmed and Hastings Donnan (eds), London and New York: Routledge
    • Weiss, Anita M. 1994. Challenges for Muslim women in a postmodern world. In Akbar S. Ahmed and Hastings Donnan (eds), Islam, Globalization and Postmodernity. London and New York: Routledge, 127-140.
    • (1994) Islam, Globalization and Postmodernity , pp. 127-140
    • Weiss, A.M.1
  • 247
    • 79956907316 scopus 로고
    • Frame and dialect: The evolution of the Black voice in American literature
    • September-October
    • Wideman, John. 1976. Frame and dialect: The evolution of the Black voice in American literature. American Poetry Review 5.5 (September-October): 34-37.
    • (1976) American Poetry Review , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 34-37
    • Wideman, J.1
  • 250
    • 84989390024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origins of African American Vernacular English-A Creolist perspective, Part 2: Linguistic features
    • Winford, Donald. 1998. On the origins of African American Vernacular English-A Creolist perspective, Part 2: Linguistic features. Diachronica 15(1): 99-154.
    • (1998) Diachronica , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-154
    • Winford, D.1
  • 252
    • 84925886411 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of white southern speech to Vernacular Black English
    • Wolfram, Walt. 1974. The relationship of white southern speech to Vernacular Black English. Language 50: 498-527.
    • (1974) Language , vol.50 , pp. 498-527
    • Wolfram, W.1
  • 253
    • 85055298131 scopus 로고
    • A proactive role for speech-language pathologists in sociolinguistic education
    • Wolfram, Walt. 1993. A proactive role for speech-language pathologists in sociolinguistic education. Language, Speech and Hearing Service in Schools 24: 181-185.
    • (1993) Language, Speech and Hearing Service in Schools , vol.24 , pp. 181-185
    • Wolfram, W.1
  • 257
    • 84937321053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminism and the subtext of whiteness: Black women's experiences as a site of identity formation and contestation of whiteness
    • Yancy, George. 2000. Feminism and the subtext of whiteness: Black women's experiences as a site of identity formation and contestation of whiteness. Western Journal of Black Studies 24(3): 155-165.
    • (2000) Western Journal of Black Studies , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-165
    • Yancy, G.1
  • 258
    • 0039285036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rap in the African-American music tradition: Cultural assertion and continuity
    • Arthur Spears (ed.), Detroit: Wayne State University Press
    • Yasin, Jon. 1999. Rap in the African-American music tradition: Cultural assertion and continuity. In Arthur Spears (ed.), Race and Ideology: Language, Symbolism, and Popular Culture. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
    • (1999) Race and Ideology: Language, Symbolism, and Popular Culture
    • Yasin, J.1
  • 259
    • 84905315723 scopus 로고
    • Documentary film.
    • Zekri, Bernard. 1992. Rap et Islam. Documentary film.
    • (1992) Rap et Islam
    • Zekri, B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.