AFRICAN AMERICAN LANGUAGE USE: IDEOLOGY AND SO CALLED OBSCENITY

African American English: Structure, History, And Use

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 226-250

  Spears, Arthur K ^a,b  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85139600551     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203355596-18     Document Type: Chapter

References (23)

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2. Birdsong, Michael D. (1994) “The question of the ‘N’ word: The when, the why, the who, and the what.” The City College, The City University of New York term paper for course on African-American English.
3. Bolton, Kingsley and Christopher Hutton (1995) “Bad and banned language: Triad secret societies, the censorship of the Cantonese vernacular, and colonial language policy in Hong Kong.” Language in Society 24.2: 159-186.
4. Curbelo, Evelyn (1994) “Paper on ‘Nigger.’” The City College, The City University of New York term paper for course on African-American English.
5. Davis, Hayley (1989) “What makes bad language bad?” Language and Communication 9: 1-9.
6. DuBois, W. E. B. (1961 [1903]) The Souk of Black Folk. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications, Inc.
7. Dyson, Michael Eric. 1993. Reflecting Black: African-American cultural criticism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
8. Fanon, Frantz (1968 [1961]) The Wretched of the Earth, C. Farrington (trans.). New York: Grove.
9. Gibbs, Jonathan W. (1994) “The use of words: How so-called foul words can have many meanings.” The City College, The City University of New York term paper for course on African-American English.
10. Gumperz, John J. and Dell Hymes (eds.) (1964) “The ethnography of communication.” American Anthropologist 66.6, pt II: 1-34.
11. Gumperz, John J. and Dell Hymes (eds.) (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
12. Halliday, Michael (1976) “Anti-languages.” American Anthropologist 78: 570-584.
13. Hooks, Bell (1990) Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. Boston: South End Press.
14. Hughes, Geoffrey (1992) Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
15. Jay, Timothy (1992) Cursing in America: A Psycholinguistic Study of Dirty Language in the Courts, in the Movies, in the Schoolyards and on the Streets. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
16. Kochman, Thomas (1981) Black and White: Styles in Conflict. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Rose, Tricia (1994) Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press/University Press of New England.
18. Smitherman, Geneva (1994) Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Comer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
19. Spears, Arthur K. (1988) “Black American English.” In Anthropobgy for the Nineties, Johnnetta B. Cole (ed.). New York: The Free Press, pp. 96-113.
20. Spears, Arthur K. (1991) “Teaching race, racism, and ideology.” In Transforming Anthropology (special issue, Teaching as Praxis: Race and Ideologies of Power, Pem Davidson Buck and Deborah D’Amico [eds.]) 2.1: 16-21.
21. Spears, Arthur K. (1992) “Culture critique and colorstruction: Black-produced media images of Blacks.” In Transforming Anthropobgy (special issue, Teaching as Praxis: Decolonizing Media Representations of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the New World Order, Andrew A. Maxwell and Pem Davidson Buck [eds.]) 3.1: 24-29.
22. Whatley, Elizabeth (1981) “Language among Black Americans.” In Language in the USA,Charles A. Ferguson and Shirley Brice Heath (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 92-107.
23. Zwicky, Arnold M., P. H. Salus, Robert I. Binnick, and A. L. Vanek (1971) Studies Out in Left Field: Defamatory Essays Presented to James D. McCawley. Edmonton: Linguistic Research, Inc.