메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 7, 2014, Pages

Historical forest structure and fire in Sierran mixed-conifer forests reconstructed from General Land Office survey data

Author keywords

Chaparral; Dry forests; Fire; Forest structure; Historical forests; Land survey data; Mixed conifer forests; Oldgrowth forests, reconstruction; Resilience; Sierra Nevada Mountains

Indexed keywords


EID: 84905278083     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21508925     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/ES14-00046.1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 72649083917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in reference conditions: Historical tree density and pattern on a pinus ponderosa landscape
    • Abella, S. R., and C. W. Denton. 2009. Spatial variation in reference conditions: historical tree density and pattern on a Pinus ponderosa landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39:2391-2403.
    • (2009) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.39 , pp. 2391-2403
    • Abella, S.R.1    Denton, C.W.2
  • 2
    • 84874958166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mega-fires, tipping points and ecosystems services: Managing forests and woodlands in an uncertain future
    • Adams, M. A. 2013. Mega-fires, tipping points and ecosystems services: managing forests and woodlands in an uncertain future. Forest Ecology and Management 294:250-261.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.294 , pp. 250-261
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 4
    • 84881481334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of spatially extensive historical data from surveys for restoring dry forests of oregon's eastern cascades
    • Baker, W. L. 2012. Implications of spatially extensive historical data from surveys for restoring dry forests of Oregon's eastern Cascades. Ecosphere 3:23.
    • (2012) Ecosphere , vol.3 , pp. 23
    • Baker, W.L.1
  • 5
    • 0034841624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in surfacefire history: The case of ponderosa pine forests in the western united states
    • Baker, W. L., and D. Ehle. 2001. Uncertainty in surfacefire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1205-1226.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 1205-1226
    • Baker, W.L.1    Ehle, D.2
  • 6
    • 33846407221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine-douglas fir forests in the rocky mountains, usa
    • Baker, W. L., T. T. Veblen, and R. L. Sherriff. 2007. Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Journal of Biogeography 34:251-269.
    • (2007) Journal of Biogeography , vol.34 , pp. 251-269
    • Baker, W.L.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Sherriff, R.L.3
  • 7
    • 0006050429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California upland forests and woodlands
    • in M. G. Barbour and W. D. Billings editors Cambrid ge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Barbour, M. G., and R. A. Minnich. 2000. California upland forests and woodlands. Pages 161-202 in M. G. Barbour and W. D. Billings editors. North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambrid ge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2000) North American Terrestrial Vegetation , pp. 161-202
    • Barbour, M.G.1    Minnich, R.A.2
  • 9
    • 85027839423 scopus 로고
    • Lumbering in the s ugar and yellow pine region of californi
    • Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Berry, S. 1917. Lumbering in the s ugar and yellow pine region of California. USDA Department Bulletin Number 440. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1917) USDA Department Bulletin Number , vol.440
    • Berry, S.1
  • 10
    • 85027834403 scopus 로고
    • Reforestation of brush fields in northern californi
    • Boerker, R. H. 1915. Reforestation of brush fields in northern California. Forestry Quarterly 13:15-24.
    • (1915) Forestry Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 15-24
    • Boerker, R.H.1
  • 11
    • 74549225017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat use and selection by california spotted owls in a postfire landscape
    • Bond, M. L., D. E. Lee, R. B. Siegel, and J. P. Ward, Jr. 2009. Habitat use and selection by California spotted owls in a postfire landscape. Journal of Wildlife Management 73:1116-1124.
    • (2009) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.73 , pp. 1116-1124
    • Bond, M.L.1    Lee, D.E.2    Siegel, R.B.3    Ward Jr., J.P.4
  • 14
    • 6544277259 scopus 로고
    • Unbiased systematic sampling plans for the line intercept method
    • Butler, S. A., and L. L. McDonald. 1983. Unbiased systematic sampling plans for the line intercept method. Journal of Range Management 36:463-468.
    • (1983) Journal of Range Management , vol.36 , pp. 463-468
    • Butler, S.A.1    McDonald, L.L.2
  • 15
    • 84905254028 scopus 로고
    • First biennial report of the california state board of forestry, for the years 1885-86, to governor george stoneman
    • California State Board of Forestry. Sacramento, California, USA
    • California State Board of Forestry. 1886. First biennial report of the California State Board of Forestry, for the years 1885-86, to Governor George Stoneman. Superintendent of State Printing, Sacramento, California, USA.
    • (1886) Superintendent of State Printing
  • 16
    • 84905218009 scopus 로고
    • Second biennial report of the california state board of forestry, for the years 1887-88, to governor r. W. Waterman
    • California state board of forestry. Sacramento, california, usa
    • California State Board of Forestry. 1888. Second biennial report of the California State Board of Forestry, for the years 1887-88, to Governor R. W. Waterman. Superintendent of State Printing, Sacramento, California, USA.
    • (1888) Superintendent of State Printing
  • 18
    • 0001019074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem responses to fire and variations in f ire regimes
    • Report Number 37. University of California, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Davis, California, USA
    • Chang, C.-R. 1996. Ecosystem responses to fire and variations in f ire regimes. Pages 1071-1099 in Status of the Sierra Nevada, final report to Congress. Report Number 37. University of California, Centers for Water and Wildland Resources, Davis, California, USA.
    • (1996) Status of the Sierra Nevada, Final Report to Congress , pp. 1071-1099
    • Chang, C.-R.1
  • 19
    • 84856503006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California black oak responses to fire severity and native conifer encroachment in the klamath mountains
    • Cocking, M. I., J. M. Varner, and R. L. Sherriff. 2012. California black oak responses to fire severity and native conifer encroachment in the Klamath Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management 270:25-34.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.270 , pp. 25-34
    • Cocking, M.I.1    Varner, J.M.2    Sherriff, R.L.3
  • 20
    • 84893382742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of fire severity on oak-conifer dynamics in the southern cascades
    • Cocking, M. I., J. M. Varner, and R. L. Sherriff. 2014. Long-term effects of fire severity on oak-conifer dynamics in the southern Cascades. Ecological Applications 24:94-107.
    • (2014) Ecological Applications , vol.24 , pp. 94-107
    • Cocking, M.I.1    Varner, J.M.2    Sherriff, R.L.3
  • 21
    • 84155195607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of fire exclusion and recent managed fire on forest structure in old growth sierra nevada mixed-conifer forests
    • Collins, B. M., R. G. Everett, and S. L. Stephens. 2011. Impacts of fire exclusion and recent managed fire on forest structure in old growth Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. Ecosphere 2(4):51.
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 51
    • Collins, B.M.1    Everett, R.G.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 22
    • 33846244154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial c hanges in forest structure and understory plant communities following fuel reduction activities in a sierra nevada mixed conifer forest
    • Collins, B. M., J. J. Moghaddas, and S. L. Stephens. 2009. Initial c hanges in forest structure and understory plant communities following fuel reduction activities in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. Forest Ecology and Management 239:102-111.
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.239 , pp. 102-111
    • Collins, B.M.1    Moghaddas, J.J.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 23
    • 84887995782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early forest dynamics in stand-replacing fire patches in the northern sierra nevada, california, usa
    • Collins, B. M., and G. B. Roller. 2013. Early forest dynamics in stand-replacing fire patches in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Landscape Ecology 28:1801- 1813.
    • (2013) Landscape Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 1801-1813
    • Collins, B.M.1    Roller, G.B.2
  • 24
    • 77953534812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standreplacing patches within a 'mixed severity' fire regime: Quantitative characterization using recent fires in a long-established natural fire are
    • Collins, B. M., and S. L. Stephens. 2010. Standreplacing patches within a 'mixed severity' fire regime: quantitative characterization using recent fires in a long-established natural fire area. Landscape Ecology 25:927-939.
    • (2010) Landscape Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 927-939
    • Collins, B.M.1    Stephens, S.L.2
  • 25
    • 84883823521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and fuels reduction
    • in M. North editor PSW-GTR-237. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA
    • Collins, B. M., and S. L. Stephens. 2012. Fire and fuels reduction. Pages 1-12 in M. North editor. Managing Sierra Nevada forests. PSW-GTR-237. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA.
    • (2012) Managing Sierra Nevada Forests , pp. 1-12
    • Collins, B.M.1    Stephens, S.L.2
  • 26
    • 0004276626 scopus 로고
    • Post-fire suc cession in white fir (abies concolor) vegetation of the northern sierra nevad
    • Conard, S. G., and S. R. Radosevich. 1982. Post-fire suc cession in white fir (Abies concolor) vegetation of the northern Sierra Nevada. Madroño 29:42-56.
    • (1982) Madroño , vol.29 , pp. 42-56
    • Conard, S.G.1    Radosevich, S.R.2
  • 27
    • 84905254023 scopus 로고
    • Sugar pine and western yellow pine in Californi
    • U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Cooper, A. W. 1906. Sugar pine and western yellow pine in California. USDA Forest Service Bulletin Number 69. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1906) USDA Forest Service Bulletin , vol.69
    • Cooper, A.W.1
  • 28
    • 0002705143 scopus 로고
    • Southwestern ponderosa pine forest structure: Changes since euro-american settlement
    • Covington, W. W., and M. M. Moore. 1994. Southwestern ponderosa pine forest structure: changes since Euro-American settlement. Journal of Forestry 92:39-47.
    • (1994) Journal of Forestry , vol.92 , pp. 39-47
    • Covington, W.W.1    Moore, M.M.2
  • 29
    • 0041356177 scopus 로고
    • The life history of deerbrush-A fire type
    • Cronemiller, F. P. 1959. The life history of deerbrush-a fire type. Journal of Forestry 12:21-25.
    • (1959) Journal of Forestry , vol.12 , pp. 21-25
    • Cronemiller, F.P.1
  • 30
    • 84867345032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire regeneration across a fire severity gradient in the southern cascades
    • Crotteau, J. S., J. M. Varner, III, and M.W. Ritchie. 2013. Post-fire regeneration across a fire severity gradient in the southern Cascades. Forest Ecology and Management 287:103-112.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.287 , pp. 103-112
    • Crotteau, J.S.1    Varner III, J.M.2    Ritchie, M.W.3
  • 31
    • 84905270679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex early seral forests of the sierra nevada what are they and how can they be managed for ecological int egrity?
    • in press
    • DellaSala, D. A., M. L. Bond, C. T. Hanson, R. L. Hutto, and D. C. Odion. 2014. Complex early seral forests of the Sierra Nevada: what are they and how can they be managed for ecological int egrity? Natural Areas Journal, in press.
    • (2014) Natural Areas Journal
    • Dellasala, D.A.1    Bond, M.L.2    Hanson, C.T.3    Hutto, R.L.4    Odion, D.C.5
  • 32
    • 0022823732 scopus 로고
    • Robust density estimation through distance measurements
    • Delincé , J. 1986. Robust density estimation through distance measurements. Ecology 67:1576-1581.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1576-1581
    • Delincé, J.1
  • 33
    • 84963229564 scopus 로고
    • Forest reservations: With a report on the sierra reservation, californi
    • Dudley, W. R. 1896. Forest reservations: with a report on the Sierra Reservation, California. Sierra Club Bulletin 1:254-267.
    • (1896) Sierra Club Bulletin , vol.1 , pp. 254-267
    • Dudley, W.R.1
  • 34
    • 84893611262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern calibration and historical testing of small-area fire-interval reconstruction methods
    • Dugan, A. J., and W. L. Baker. 2014. Modern calibration and historical testing of small-area fire-interval reconstruction methods. International Journal of Wildland Fire 23:58-68.
    • (2014) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.23 , pp. 58-68
    • Dugan, A.J.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 35
    • 0013536858 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary yield tables for second-growth stands in the california pine region
    • U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Dunning, D., and L. H. Reineke. 1933. Preliminary yield tables for second-growth stands in the California pine region. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bul letin Number 354. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1933) U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bul Letin , Issue.354
    • Dunning, D.1    Reineke, L.H.2
  • 36
    • 0347531510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and stand dynamics in ponderosa pine forests in rocky mountain national park, usa
    • Ehle D. S., W. L. Baker. 2003 Disturbance and stand dynamics in ponderosa pine forests in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA Ecological Monographs 73 543-566.
    • (2003) Ecological Monographs , vol.73 , pp. 543-566
    • Ehle, D.S.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 37
    • 77949618670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal corroboration of a fire-scar-based fire history in a frequently burned ponde rosa pine forest
    • Farris, C. A., C. H. Baisan, D. A. Falk, S. R. Yool, and T. W. Swetnam. 2010. Spatial and temporal corroboration of a fire-scar-based fire history in a frequently burned ponde rosa pine forest. Ecological Applications 20:1598-1614.
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , pp. 1598-1614
    • Farris, C.A.1    Baisan, C.H.2    Falk, D.A.3    Yool, S.R.4    Swetnam, T.W.5
  • 38
    • 34547532842 scopus 로고
    • Sonora quadrangle, california
    • in H. Gannett, editor Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Fitch, C. H. 1900 a . Sonora quadrangle, California. Pages 569-571 in H. Gannett, editor. Classification of lands. Extract from the twenty-first annual report of the survey, 1899-1900 Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1900) Classification of Lands. Extract from the Twenty-First Annual Report of the Survey 1899-1900 , pp. 569-571
    • Fitch, C.H.1
  • 39
    • 84905271962 scopus 로고
    • Yosemite quadrangle, california
    • in H. Gannett, editor Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Fitch, C. H. 1900 b . Yosemite quadrangle, California. Pages 571-574 in H. Gannett, editor. Classification of lands. Extr act from the twenty-first annual report of the survey, 1899-1900 Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1900) Classification of Lands Extract from the Twenty-first Annual Report of the Survey 1899-1900 , pp. 571-574
    • Fitch, C.H.1
  • 41
    • 84887987732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montane and subalpine vegetation of the sierra nevada and cascade ranges
    • in M. G. Barbour, T Keeler-Wolf, and A. A. Schoenherr, editors . Third edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA
    • Fites-Kaufman, J. A., P. Rundel, N. Stephenson, and D. A. Weixelman. 2007. Montane and subalpine vegetation of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges. Pages 456-501 in M. G. Barbour, T. Keeler-Wolf, and A. A. Schoenherr, editors. Terrestrial vegetation of California. Third edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.
    • (2007) Terrestrial Vegetation of California , pp. 456-501
    • Fites-Kaufman, J.A.1    Rundel, P.2    Stephenson, N.3    Weixelman, D.A.4
  • 43
    • 0342749445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological road-effect zone of a massachusetts (U.S.A.) Suburban highway
    • Forman, R. T. T., and R. D. Deblinger. 2000. The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (U.S.A.) suburban highway. Conservation Biology 14:36-46.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 36-46
    • Forman, R.T.T.1    Deblinger, R.D.2
  • 45
    • 0033816239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-attribute vegetation maps of forest service lands in california supporting resource management decisions
    • Franklin, J., C. E. Woodcock, and R. Warbington. 2000. Multi-attribute vegetation maps of Forest Service lands in California supporting resource management decisions. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 66:1209-1217.
    • (2000) Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , vol.66 , pp. 1209-1217
    • Franklin, J.1    Woodcock, C.E.2    Warbington, R.3
  • 47
    • 84902120919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsupported inferences of high severity fire in historical west ern united states dry forests: Response to williams and baker
    • Fulé , P. Z., et al. 2014. Unsupported inferences of high severity fire in historical west ern United States dry forests: Response to Williams and Baker. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23:825-830.
    • (2014) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.23 , pp. 825-830
    • Fulé, P.1
  • 48
    • 85027891287 scopus 로고
    • Second growth yellow pine
    • Gallaher, W. H. 1913. Second growth yellow pine. Forestry Quarterly 11:531-536.
    • (1913) Forestry Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 531-536
    • Gallaher, W.H.1
  • 49
    • 84858003952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age structure and growth of california black oak (quercus kelloggii ) in the central sierra nevada, california
    • in R. B. Standiford D McCreary, and K. L. Purcell, editors . PSW-GTR-184. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA
    • Garrison, B. A., C. D. Otahal, and M. L. Triggs. 2002. Age structure and growth of California black oak (Quercus kelloggii ) in the central Sierra Nevada, California. Pages 665-679 in R. B. Standiford, D. McCreary, and K. L. Purcell, editors. Proceedings of the fifth symposium on oak woodlands: oaks in California's changing landscape. PSW-GTR-184. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Changing Landscape , pp. 665-679
    • Garrison, B.A.1    Otahal, C.D.2    Triggs, M.L.3
  • 50
    • 0027387845 scopus 로고
    • A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the sierra nevad
    • Graumlich, L. J. 1993. A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quaternary Research 39:249-255.
    • (1993) Quaternary Research , vol.39 , pp. 249-255
    • Graumlich, L.J.1
  • 51
    • 84971218339 scopus 로고
    • A rough system of management for forest lands in the western sierras
    • Greeley, W. B. 1907. A rough system of management for forest lands in the western Sierras. Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters 2:103- 114.
    • (1907) Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters , vol.2 , pp. 103-114
    • Greeley, W.B.1
  • 53
    • 84881477058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical structure and composition of ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests in south-central oregon
    • Hagmann, R. K., J. F. Franklin, and K. N. Johnson. 2013. Historical structure and composition of ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests in south-central Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 304:492-504.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.304 , pp. 492-504
    • Hagmann, R.K.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Johnson, K.N.3
  • 55
    • 84893548935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is fire severity increasing in the sierra nevada, california usa?
    • Hanson, C. T., and D. C. Odion. 2014. Is fire severity increasing in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA? International Journal of Wildland Fire 23:1-8.
    • (2014) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.23 , pp. 1-8
    • Hanson, C.T.1    Odion, D.C.2
  • 56
    • 33645395731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North american droughts of the mid to late nineteenth century: A history, simulation and implication for mediaeval drought
    • Herweijer C., R. Seger, E. R Cook. 2006 North American droughts of the mid to late nineteenth century: a history, simulation and implication for Mediaeval drought. Holocene 16 1-13.
    • (2006) Holocene , vol.16 , pp. 1-13
    • Herweijer, C.1    Seger, R.2    Cook, E.R.3
  • 57
    • 35848959032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reexamining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: Inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure
    • Hessburg, P. F., R. B. Salter, and K. M. James. 2007. Reexamining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure. Landscape Ecology 22:5-24.
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 5-24
    • Hessburg, P.F.1    Salter, R.B.2    James, K.M.3
  • 58
    • 84955446177 scopus 로고
    • National Archives and Records Administration, San Francisco, California, USA
    • Hodge, W. C. 1906. Forest conditions in the Sierras, 1906. National Archives and Records Administration, San Francisco, California, USA.
    • (1906) Forest Conditions in the Sierras , vol.1906
    • Hodge, W.C.1
  • 60
    • 83655214718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating fuel treatment effects in dry forests of the western united states: Testing the principles of a fire-safe forest
    • Johnson, M. C., M. C. Kennedy, and D. L. Peterson. 2011. Simulating fuel treatment effects in dry forests of the western United States: testing the principles of a fire-safe forest. Canadian Jou rnal of Forest Research 41:1018-1030.
    • (2011) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.41 , pp. 1018-1030
    • Johnson, M.C.1    Kennedy, M.C.2    Peterson, D.L.3
  • 61
    • 0026351605 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the scarification and germination of three montane shrubs
    • Kauffman, J. B., and R. E. Martin. 1991. Factors influencing the scarification and germination of three montane shrubs. Northwest Science 65:180-187.
    • (1991) Northwest Science , vol.65 , pp. 180-187
    • Kauffman, J.B.1    Martin, R.E.2
  • 62
    • 0026299620 scopus 로고
    • Seed germination and life history syndromes in the california chaparral
    • Keeley, J. E. 1991. Seed germination and life history syndromes in the California chaparral. Botanical Review 57:81-116.
    • (1991) Botanical Review , vol.57 , pp. 81-116
    • Keeley, J.E.1
  • 63
    • 26044480393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vtm plots as evidence of historical change: Goldmine or landmine?
    • Keeley, J. E. 2004. VTM plots as evidence of historical change: goldmine or landmine? Madroño 51:372-378.
    • (2004) Madroño , vol.51 , pp. 372-378
    • Keeley, J.E.1
  • 64
    • 84860909246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub seed banks in mixed conifer forests of northern california and the role of fire in regulating abundance
    • Knapp, E. E., C. P. Weatherspoon, and C. N. Skinner. 2012. Shrub seed banks in mixed conifer forests of northern California and the role of fire in regulating abundance. Fire Ecology 8:32-48.
    • (2012) Fire Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 32-48
    • Knapp, E.E.1    Weatherspoon, C.P.2    Skinner, C.N.3
  • 65
    • 85027867935 scopus 로고
    • Fire as a major ecological factor in the pine region of californi
    • Kotok, E. I. 1933. Fire as a major ecological factor in the pine region of California. Proceedings of the Pacific Science Congress 5:4017-4022.
    • (1933) Proceedings of the Pacific Science Congress , vol.5 , pp. 4017-4022
    • Kotok, E.I.1
  • 67
    • 0003437387 scopus 로고
    • Forest conditions in the northern sierra nevada, californi
    • U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Leiberg, J. B. 1902. Forest conditions in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper Number 8. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1902) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , Issue.8
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 68
    • 84899998993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern departures in fire severity and area vary by forest type, sierra nevada and southern cascades, california, usa
    • Mallek, C., H. Safford, J. Viers, and J. Miller . 2013. Modern departures in fire severity and area vary by forest type, Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades, California, USA. Ecosphere 4:153.
    • (2013) Ecosphere , vol.4 , pp. 153
    • Mallek, C.1    Safford, H.2    Viers, J.3    Miller, J.4
  • 69
    • 0009202859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological integrity
    • in D. D. Murphy and C. M Knopp, editors . PSW-GTR-175. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA
    • Manley, P. N., J. A. Fites-Kaufman, M. G. Barbour, M. D. Schlesinger, and D. M. Rizzo. 2000. Biological integrity. Pages 401-598 in D. D. Murphy and C. M. Knopp, editors. Lake Tahoe watershed assessment: Volume 1. PSW-GTR-175. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA.
    • (2000) Lake Tahoe Watershed Assessment: Volume 1 , pp. 401-598
    • Manley, P.N.1    Fites-Kaufman, J.A.2    Barbour, M.G.3    Schlesinger, M.D.4    Rizzo, D.M.5
  • 70
    • 84899998796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale modeling of reference period fores t conditions and fire behavior on heavily logged lands
    • Maxwell, R. S., A. H. Taylor, C. N. Skinner, H. D. Safford, R. E. Isaacs, C. Airey, and A. B. Young. 2014. Landscape-scale modeling of reference period fores t conditions and fire behavior on heavily logged lands. Ecosphere 5:32.
    • (2014) Ecosphere , vol.5 , pp. 32
    • Maxwell, R.S.1    Taylor, A.H.2    Skinner, C.N.3    Safford, H.D.4    Isaacs, R.E.5    Airey, C.6    Young, A.B.7
  • 71
    • 0003769622 scopus 로고
    • Historical perspectives on forests of the sierra nevada and the transverse ranges of southern c alifornia: Forest conditions at the turn of the century
    • in J. Verner, K. S. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, R. J. Gutié rrez, G.I. Gould, Jr, and T. W. Beck, editors PSW-GTR-133. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA
    • McKelvey, K. S., and J. D. Johnston. 1992. Historical perspectives on forests of the Sierra Nevada and the Transverse Ranges of southern C alifornia: forest conditions at the turn of the century. Pages 225-246 in J. Verner, K. S. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, R. J. Gutié rrez, G. I. Gould, Jr, and T. W. Beck, editors. The California spotted owl: a technical assessment of its current statu s. PSW-GTR-133. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA.
    • (1992) The California Spotted Owl: A Technical Assessment of Its Current Statu S , pp. 225-246
    • McKelvey, K.S.1    Johnston, J.D.2
  • 73
    • 39349090781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty
    • Millar, C. I., N. L. Stephenson, and S. L. Stephens. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications 17:2145-2151.
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 74
    • 58649098301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration and validation of the relative differenced normalized burn ra tio (rdnbr) to three measures of fire severity in the sierra nevada and klamath mountains, california, usa
    • Miller, J. D., E. E. Knapp, C. H. Key, C. N. Skinner, C. J. Isbell, R. M. Creasy, and J. W. Sherlock. 2009. Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ra tio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA. Remote Sensing of Environment 113:645-656.
    • (2009) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.113 , pp. 645-656
    • Miller, J.D.1    Knapp, E.E.2    Key, C.H.3    Skinner, C.N.4    Isbell, C.J.5    Creasy, R.M.6    Sherlock, J.W.7
  • 75
    • 84905218005 scopus 로고
    • Forest plan, plumas national forest
    • Sacramento, California, USA
    • Moore, B. 1913. Forest plan, Plumas National Forest. State Lands Commission, Sacramento, California, USA.
    • (1913) State Lands Commission
    • Moore, B.1
  • 76
    • 29244438840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and persistence of montane chaparral in mixed conifer forest landscapes in the northern sier ra nevada, lake tahoe basin, california, usa
    • Nagel, T. A., and A. H. Taylor. 2005. Fire and persistence of montane chaparral in mixed conifer forest landscapes in the northern Sier ra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132:442-457.
    • (2005) Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society , vol.132 , pp. 442-457
    • Nagel, T.A.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 77
    • 84877145057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PSW-GTR-237. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, California, USA
    • North, M. P., editor. 2012. Managing Sierra Nevada forests. PSW-GTR-237. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, California, USA.
    • (2012) Managing Sierra Nevada Forests
    • North, M.P.1
  • 78
    • 84867529501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using fire to increase the scale, benefits, and future maintenance of fuels treatments
    • North, M. P., B. M. Collins, and S. Stephens. 2012. Using fire to increase the scale, benefits, and future maintenance of fuels treatments. Journal of Forestry 110:392-401.
    • (2012) Journal of Forestry , vol.110 , pp. 392-401
    • North, M.P.1    Collins, B.M.2    Stephens, S.3
  • 79
    • 34547520694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of thinning and prescribed fire restoration treatments to sierran mixed-conifer historic conditions
    • North, M., J. Innes, and H. Zald. 2007. Comparison of thinning and prescribed fire restoration treatments to Sierran mixed-conifer historic conditions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:331-342.
    • (2007) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.37 , pp. 331-342
    • North, M.1    Innes, J.2    Zald, H.3
  • 82
    • 34247334006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in sierra nevada forests: Evaluating the ecological impact of burning by native americans
    • in T. R. Vale, editor Island Press, Washington , D.C., USA
    • Parker, A. J. 2002. Fire in Sierra Nevada forests: evaluating the ecological impact of burning by Native Americans. Pages 233-267 in T. R. Vale, editor. Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape. Island Press, Washington , D.C., USA.
    • (2002) Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape , pp. 233-267
    • Parker, A.J.1
  • 84
    • 8544259561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fireinduced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests
    • Pierce, J. L., G. A. Meyer, and A. J. T. Jull. 2004. Fireinduced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests. Nature 432:87-90.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 87-90
    • Pierce, J.L.1    Meyer, G.A.2    Jull, A.J.T.3
  • 85
    • 84905271954 scopus 로고
    • Report on calaveras groves of bigtrees, california
    • in G. C. Perkins, editor Senate Report Number 523. Sixty-second Congress, Second Session, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Plummer, F. G. 1906. Report on Calaveras groves of bigtrees, California. Pa ges 5-13 in G. C. Perkins, editor. Calaveras Bigtree National Forest. Senate Report Number 523. Sixty-second Congress, Second Session, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1906) Calaveras Bigtree National Forest , pp. 5-13
    • Plummer, F.G.1
  • 88
    • 77949590805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes, forest change, and self-organization in an oldgrowth mixed-conifer forest, yosemite national park, usa
    • Scholl, A. E., and A. H. Taylor. 2010. Fire regimes, forest change, and self-organization in an oldgrowth mixed-conifer forest, Yosemite National Park, USA. Ecological Applications 20:362-380.
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , pp. 362-380
    • Scholl, A.E.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 89
    • 0027526714 scopus 로고
    • A 2000-year tree ring record of annual temperatures in the sierra nevada mountains
    • Scuderi, L. A. 1993. A 2000-year tree ring record of annual temperatures in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Science 259:1433-1436.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 1433-1436
    • Scuderi, L.A.1
  • 90
    • 0031444559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonequilibrium dynamics between catastrophic disturbances and old-growth f orests in ponderosa pine landscapes of the black hills
    • Shinneman, D. J. and W. L. Baker. 1997. Nonequilibrium dynamics between catastrophic disturbances and old-growth f orests in ponderosa pine landscapes of the Black Hills. Conservation Biology 11:1276-1288.
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , pp. 1276-1288
    • Shinneman, D.J.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 91
    • 84905235854 scopus 로고
    • Some results of experimental forest planting in northern californi
    • Show, S. B. 1924. Some results of experimental forest planting in northern California. Ecology 5:83-94.
    • (1924) Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 83-94
    • Show, S.B.1
  • 93
    • 33751545453 scopus 로고
    • USDA Department Bulletin Number 1294. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Show, S. B., and E. I. Kotok. 1924. The role of fire in the California pine forests. USDA Department Bulletin Number 1294. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1924) The Role of Fire in the California Pine Forests
    • Show, S.B.1    Kotok, E.I.2
  • 95
    • 33645100091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserving old-growth forest diversity in disturbance-prone landscapes
    • Spies, T. A., M. A. Hemstrom, A. Youngblood, and S. Hummel. 2006. Conserving old-growth forest diversity in disturbance-prone landscapes. Conservation Biology 20:351-362.
    • (2006) Conservation Biology , vol.20 , pp. 351-362
    • Spies, T.A.1    Hemstrom, M.A.2    Youngblood, A.3    Hummel, S.4
  • 99
    • 34948855458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric fire area and emissions from california's forests, woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands
    • Stephens, S. L., R. E. Martin, and N. E. Clinton. 2007. Prehistoric fire area and emissions from California's forests, woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands. Forest Ecology and Management 251:205-216.
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.251 , pp. 205-216
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Martin, R.E.2    Clinton, N.E.3
  • 101
    • 85027867505 scopus 로고
    • Chaparral in northern californi
    • Sterling, E. A. 1904 b . Chaparral in northern California. Forestry Quarterly 2:209-214.
    • (1904) Forestry Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 209-214
    • Sterling, E.A.1
  • 102
    • 2442559104 scopus 로고
    • The stanislaus and lake tahoe forest reserves and adjacent territory
    • in H. Gannett editor Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Sudworth, G. B. 1900. The Stanislaus and Lake Tahoe forest reserves and adjacent territory. Pages 499-561 in H. Gannett, editor. Twenty-first annual report of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1899-1900, Part V, Forest Reserves. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1900) Twenty-first Annual Report of the U.S. Geological Survey 1899-1900 , pp. 499-561
    • Sudworth, G.B.1
  • 107
    • 0000766246 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes in sequoia national park, californi
    • Vankat, J. L., and J. Major. 1978. Vegetation changes in Sequoia National Park, California. Journal of Biogeography 5:377-402.
    • (1978) Journal of Biogeography , vol.5 , pp. 377-402
    • Vankat, J.L.1    Major, J.2
  • 108
    • 64149099665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regime attributes of wildland fires in yosemite national park, usa
    • van Wagtendonk, J. W., and J. A. Lutz. 2007. Fire regime attributes of wildland fires in Yosemite National Park, USA. Fire Ecology Special Issue 3:34-52.
    • (2007) Fire Ecology Special Issue , vol.3 , pp. 34-52
    • Wagtendonk, V.J.1    Lutz, J.A.2
  • 109
    • 0003892206 scopus 로고
    • Fire and fuels management in relation to owl habitat in forests of the sierra nevada and southern california
    • in J. Verner, K. S. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, R. J Gutiérrez, G. I. G ould, Jr, and T. W. Beck, editors . PSWRS GTR-133. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA
    • Weatherspoon, C. P., S. J. Husari, and J. W. van Wagtendonk. 1992. Fire and fuels management in relation to owl habitat in forests of the Sierra Nevada and southern California. Pages 247-260 in J. Verner, K. S. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, R. J. Gutiérrez, G. I. G ould, Jr, and T. W. Beck, editors. The California spotted owl: a technical assessment of its current status. PSWRS GTR-133. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, California, USA.
    • (1992) The California Spotted Owl: A Technical Assessment of Its Current Status , pp. 247-260
    • Weatherspoon, C.P.1    Husari, S.J.2    Van Wagtendonk, J.W.3
  • 110
    • 0006957423 scopus 로고
    • History and fire record of a timberland brush field in the sierra nevada of californi
    • Wilken, G. C. 19 67. History and fire record of a timberland brush field in the Sierra Nevada of California. Ecology 48:302-304.
    • (1967) Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 302-304
    • Wilken, G.C.1
  • 111
    • 77952053668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias and error in using survey records for ponderosa pine landscape restoration
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2010. Bias and error in using survey records for ponderosa pine landscape restoration. Journal of Biogeography 37:707-721.
    • (2010) Journal of Biogeography , vol.37 , pp. 707-721
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 112
    • 79955445791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the accuracy of new methods for reconstructing historical structure of forest landscapes using glo survey dat
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2011. Testing the accuracy of new methods for reconstructing historical structure of forest landscapes using GLO survey data. Ecological Monographs 81:63-88.
    • (2011) Ecological Monographs , vol.81 , pp. 63-88
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 113
    • 84864748185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially extensive reconstructions show variable-severity fire and heterogeneous structure in historical western united states dry forests
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2012a. Spatially extensive reconstructions show variable-severity fire and heterogeneous structure in historical western United States dry forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21:1042-1052.
    • (2012) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.21 , pp. 1042-1052
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 114
    • 84864747778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the higher-severity fire regime in historical (a.d. 1800s) and modern (a.d. 1984-2009) montane forests across 624,156 ha of the colorado front range
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2012b. Comparison of the higher-severity fire regime in historical (A.D. 1800s) and modern (A.D. 1984- 2009) montane forests across 624,156 ha of the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 15:832-847.
    • (2012) Ecosystems , vol.15 , pp. 832-847
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 115
    • 84873702758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of historical forest structure and fire across ponderosa pine landscapes of the coconino plateau and south rim of grand canyon national park, arizona, usa
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2013. Variability of historical forest structure and fire across ponderosa pine landscapes of the Coconino Plateau and south rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 28:297-310.
    • (2013) Landscape Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 297-310
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 116
    • 84902013302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-severity fire corroborated in historical dry forests of the western united states: Response to fulé et al
    • Williams, M. A., and W. L. Baker. 2014. High-severity fire corroborated in historical dry forests of the western United States: Response to Fulé et al. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23:831-835.
    • (2014) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.23 , pp. 831-835
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.