Talking about genetically modified (GM) foods in South Korea: The role of the internet in the spiral of silence process

Mass Communication and Society

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 713-732

  Kim, Sei Hill ^a   Kim, Hwalbin ^a   Oh, Sang Hwa ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904845129     PISSN: 15205436     EISSN: 15327825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2013.847460     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Brosius, H.-B., & Bathelt, A. (1994). The utility of exemplars in persuasive communication. Communication Research, 21, 48-78.
2. Brossard, D., & Nisbet, M. C. (2006). Deference to scientific authority among low information public: Understanding U.S. opinion on agricultural biotechnology. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19, 24-52.
3. Burgoon, J. K., Buller, D. B., & Woodall, W. G. (1989). Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
4. Daschmann, G. (2000). Vox pop & polls: The impact of poll results and voter statements in the media on the perception of a climate of opinion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12, 160-181.
5. de Leeuw, E. D. (2005). To mix or not to mix data collection modes in surveys. The Journal of Official Statistics, 21, 233-255.
6. Eveland, W. P., McLeod, D. M., & Signorielli, N. (1995). Actual and perceived public opinion: The spiral of silence during the Persian Gulf War. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 7, 91-109.
7. Glynn, C. J. (1989). Perception of others’ opinions as a component of public opinion. Social Science Research, 18, 53-69.
8. Glynn, C. J., & McLeod, J. M. (1985). Implications of the spiral of silence theory for communication and public opinion research. In K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid & D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political communication yearbook 1984 (pp. 43-65). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
9. Glynn, C. J., & Park, E. (1997). Reference groups, opinion intensity, and public opinion expression. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 9, 213-232.
10. Gonzenbach, W. J., & Stevenson, R. L. (1994). Children with AIDS attending public school: An analysis of the spiral of silence. Political Communication, 11, 3-18.
11. Gunther, A. C. (1998). The persuasive press inference: Effects of mass media on perceived public opinion. Communication Research, 25, 486-504.
12. Gunther, A. C., & Christen, C. T. (2002). Projection or persuasive press? Contrary effects of personal opinion and perceived news coverage on estimates of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 52, 177-195.
13. Ho, S. S., Chen, V. H. H., & Sim, C. (2013). The spiral of silence: Examining how cultural predispositions, news attention, and opinion congruency relate to opinion expression. Asian Journal of Communication, 23, 113-134.
14. Ho, S. S., & McLeod, D. M. (2008). Social-psychological influences of opinion expression in face-to-face ad computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 35, 190-207.
15. Internet World Stats. (2012). Top 20 Internet countries by uses-2012 Q2. Retrieved from http://internetworldstats.com/top20.htm
16. Jennings, M. K., & Zeitner, V. (2003). Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 311-334.
17. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McQuire, T. W. (1984). Social psychological aspects of computermediated communication. American Psychologists, 39, 1123-1134.
18. Kim, J.-N., & Kim, J. R. (2009, November). Mr. Hyde logged in: A theoretical account of situation-triggered flaming. Paper presented to the annual conference of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
19. Kim, K., & Markman, A. B. (2006). Differences in fear of isolation as an explanation of cultural differences: Evidence from memory and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 350-364.
20. Kim, S.-H., Han, M., Shanahan, J., & Berdayes, V. (2004). Talking on ‘Sunshine in North Korea’: A test of the spiral of silence as a theory of powerful media effects. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 16, 39-62.
21. Kim, S.-H., Kim, J.-N., & Besley, J. C. (2012). Pathways to support genetically modified (GM) foods in South Korea: Deliberate reasoning, information shortcuts, and the role of formal education. Public Understanding of Science, 22, 169-184. doi: 10.1177=0963662512442308
22. Kim, S.-H., Scheufele, D. A., & Shanahan, J. (2005). Who cares about the issues? Issue voting and the role of news media during the 2000 U. S. presidential election. Journal of Communication, 55, 103-121.
23. Lin, C. A., & Salwen, M. B. (1997). Predicting the spiral of silence on controversial public issue. The Howard Journal of Communications, 8, 129-141.
24. Liu, X., & Fahmy, S. (2011). Exploring the spiral of silence in the virtual world: Individuals’ willingness to express personal opinions in online versus offline settings. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3, 45-57.
25. McDevitt, M., Kiousis, S., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2003). Spiral of moderation: Opinion expression in computer-mediated discussion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15, 454-470.
26. Mutz, D. C. (1994). The political effects of perception of mass opinion. Research in Micropolitics, 4, 143-167.
27. Neuwirth, K. (2000). Testing the spiral of silence model: The case of Mexico. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12, 138-159.
28. Nisbet, M. C., & Lewenstein, B. V. (2002). Biotechnology and the American media: The policy process and the elite press, 1970 to 1999. Science Communication, 23, 359-391.
29. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1973). Return to the concept of powerful mass media. Studies of Broadcasting, 9, 68-105.
30. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24, 43-51.
31. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion-our social skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1991). The theory of public opinion: The concept of the spiral of silence. In J. A. Anderson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 14 (pp. 256-287). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
33. Oh, S. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2011, August). Framing GM food in the Korean news media. Paper presented to the annual meeting of Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, St. Louis, MO.
34. Park, E. (1998). Individualism=collectivism, self-concept and social behavior: False-uniqueness and the spiral of silence hypotheses (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
35. Park, M.-S. (2008). Risks of GM food in global food system. Environmental Sociology, ECO, 12, 63-87.
36. Rains, S. A. (2007). The impact of anonymity on perceptions source credibility and influence in computer-mediated group communication: A test of two competing hypotheses. Communication Research, 34, 100-125.
37. Salmon, C. T., & Kline, F. G. (1985). The spiral of silence ten years later: An examination and evaluation. In K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid & D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political communication yearbook 1984 (pp. 3-30). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
38. Salmon, C. T., & Neuwirth, K. (1990). Perceptions of opinion climates and willingness to discuss the issue of abortion. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 567-577.
39. Salmon, C. T., & Oshagan, H. (1990). Community size, perception of majority opinion and opinion expression. Public Relations Research Annual, 2, 157-171.
40. Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (2000). Twenty-five years of the spiral of silence: A conceptual review and empirical outlook. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12, 3-28.
41. Schulz, A., & Roessler, P. (2012). The spiral of silence and the Internet: Selection of online content and the perception of the public opinion climate in computer-mediated communication environments. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 24, 346-367. doi: 10.1093=ijpor=eds022.
42. Shamir, J. (1995). Information cues and indicators of the climate of opinion: The spiral of silence theory in the Intifada. Communication Research, 22, 24-53.
43. Shoemaker, P. J., Breen, M., & Stamper, M. (2000). Fear of isolation: Testing an assumption from the spiral of silence. Irish Communication Review, 8, 65-78.
44. Straus, S. G. (1996). Getting a clue: The effects of communication media and information distribution on participation and performance in computer-mediated and face-to-face groups. Small Group Research, 27, 115-142.
45. Tsfati, Y. (2003). Media skepticism and climate of opinion perception. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15, 65-82.
46. Willnat, L, Lee, W., & Detenber, B. H. (2001). Individual-level predictors of public outspokenness: A test of the spiral of silence theory in Singapore. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14, 391-412.
47. Yun, G. W., & Park, S.-Y. (2011). Selective positing: Willingness to post a message online. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16, 201-227.