메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 346-367

The spiral of silence and the internet: Selection of online content and the perception of the public opinion climate in computer-mediated communication environments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84866420554     PISSN: 09542892     EISSN: 14716909     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ijpor/eds022     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (83)

References (70)
  • 2
    • 58149194779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new era of minimal effects? the changing foundations of political communication
    • Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 58, 707-731.
    • (2008) Journal of Communication , vol.58 , pp. 707-731
    • Bennett, W.L.1    Iyengar, S.2
  • 6
    • 84866381185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alles eine Frage hoher Reichweite? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Ursache der Entstehung von Hostile-Media-Effekten
    • Dohle, M., & Hartmann, T. (2008). Alles eine Frage hoher Reichweite? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Ursache der Entstehung von Hostile-Media-Effekten. [All a question of high reach? An experimental investigation of the causes for hostile media effects.]. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 56(1), 23-43.
    • (2008) Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Dohle, M.1    Hartmann, T.2
  • 8
    • 84866367970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risiken und Nebenwirkungen des Internets fü r die politische Kommunikation
    • Donsbach, W. (2011). Risiken und Nebenwirkungen des Internets fü r die politische Kommunikation. [Risks and side effects of the Internet for political communication.]. Studies in Communication /Media, (1), 119-129.
    • (2011) Studies in Communication /Media , Issue.1 , pp. 119-129
    • Donsbach, W.1
  • 10
    • 20444390499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nachrichtenwertforschung auf dem Weg zum Publikum: Eine experimentelle Ü berprüfung des Einflusses von Nachrichtenfaktoren bei der Rezeption
    • Eilders, C., & Wirth, W. (1999). Nachrichtenwertforschung auf dem Weg zum Publikum: Eine experimentelle Ü berprüfung des Einflusses von Nachrichtenfaktoren bei der Rezeption. [News values research focussing on the audience: An experimental investigation of the influence of news values on perception processes.]. Publizistik, 44(1), 35-57.
    • (1999) Publizistik , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-57
    • Eilders, C.1    Wirth, W.2
  • 13
    • 84959838748 scopus 로고
    • Public beliefs about the beliefs of the public
    • Fields, J. A., & Schuman, H. (1976). Public beliefs about the beliefs of the public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 427-448.
    • (1976) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 427-448
    • Fields, J.A.1    Schuman, H.2
  • 14
    • 84933487500 scopus 로고
    • Ö ffentliche Kommunikationsbereitschaft. Ein Test zentraler Bestandteile der Theorie der Schweigespirale
    • Fuchs, D., Gerhards, J., & Neidhardt, F. (1992a). Ö ffentliche Kommunikationsbereitschaft. Ein Test zentraler Bestandteile der Theorie der Schweigespirale. [Willingness to speak out in public. A test of major elements of the spiral of silence theory.]. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 21, 284-295.
    • (1992) Zeitschrift für Soziologie , vol.21 , pp. 284-295
    • Fuchs, D.1    Gerhards, J.2    Neidhardt, F.3
  • 15
    • 84933488922 scopus 로고
    • Empirische Probleme mit einer interessanten Theorie
    • Fuchs, D., Gerhards, J., & Neidhardt, F. (1992b). Empirische Probleme mit einer interessanten Theorie. [Empirical problems with an interesting theory.]. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 21, 472-473.
    • (1992) Zeitschrift für Soziologie , vol.21 , pp. 472-473
    • Fuchs, D.1    Gerhards, J.2    Neidhardt, F.3
  • 16
    • 63749117030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echo chambers online? Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users
    • Garrett, K. R. (2009). Echo chambers online? Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 14, 265-285.
    • (2009) Journal of Computer-mediated Communication , vol.14 , pp. 265-285
    • Garrett, K.R.1
  • 17
    • 0036113038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projection or persuasive press? Contrary effects of personal opinion and perceived news coverage on estimates of public opinion
    • DOI 10.1093/joc/52.1.177
    • Gunther, A. C., & Christen, C. T. (2002). Projection or persuasive press? Contrary effects on personal opinion and perceived news coverage on estimates of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 52, 177-195. (Pubitemid 37160159)
    • (2002) Journal of Communication , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 177-195
    • Gunther, A.C.1    Christen, C.T.2
  • 18
    • 0035457914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenial Public, Contrary Press, and Biased Estimates of the Climate of Opinion
    • DOI 10.1086/322846
    • Gunther, A. C., Christen, C. T., Liebhart, J. L., & Chih-Yun Chia, S. (2001). Congenial public, contrary press, and biased estimates of the climate of opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 65, 295-320. (Pubitemid 33365976)
    • (2001) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-320
    • Gunther, A.C.1    Christen, C.T.2    Liebhart, J.L.3    Chia, S.C.-Y.4
  • 19
    • 70350773816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation and contrast in a test of the hostile media effect
    • Gunther, A. C., Miller, N., & Liebhart, J. L. (2009). Assimilation and contrast in a test of the hostile media effect. Communication Research, 36, 747-764.
    • (2009) Communication Research , vol.36 , pp. 747-764
    • Gunther, A.C.1    Miller, N.2    Liebhart, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 1642569199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping boundaries of the hostile media effect
    • Gunther, A. C., & Schmitt, K. (2004). Mapping boundaries of the hostile media effect. Journal of Communication, 54, 55-70. (Pubitemid 38403697)
    • (2004) Journal of Communication , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-70
    • Gunther, A.C.1    Schmitt, K.2
  • 21
    • 84951140996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed web surfing: The social context of user sophistication
    • P. N. Howard & S. Jones (Eds.), Thousand Oaks: Sage
    • Hargittai, E. (2004). Informed web surfing: The social context of user sophistication. In P. N. Howard & S. Jones (Eds.), Society online: The Internet in context (pp. 257-274). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
    • (2004) Society Online: The Internet in Context , pp. 257-274
    • Hargittai, E.1
  • 22
    • 40249114762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social-psychological influences on opinion expression in face-to-face and computer-mediated communication
    • Ho, S. S., & McLeod, D. M. (2008). Social-psychological influences on opinion expression in face-to-face and computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 35, 190-207.
    • (2008) Communication Research , vol.35 , pp. 190-207
    • Ho, S.S.1    McLeod, D.M.2
  • 23
    • 84866417870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zwischen massenmedialer und technisch vermittelter interpersonaler Kommunikation -der Computer als Hybridmedium und was Menschen damit machen
    • K. Beck & G. Vowe (Eds.), Berlin: Spiess
    • Hoeflich, J. R. (1997). Zwischen massenmedialer und technisch vermittelter interpersonaler Kommunikation -der Computer als Hybridmedium und was Menschen damit machen. [Mass-mediated and computer-mediated interpersonal communication -the computer as a hybrid medium and what humans do with it.]. In K. Beck & G. Vowe (Eds.), Computernetze -ein Medium öffentlicher Kommunikation. [Computer networks -a medium of public communication.] (pp. 85-104). Berlin: Spiess.
    • (1997) Computernetze -Ein Medium Öffentlicher Kommunikation. [Computer Networks -A Medium of Public Communication.] , pp. 85-104
    • Hoeflich, J.R.1
  • 24
    • 77950305780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new era of minimal effects? A response to Bennett and Iyengar
    • Holbert, R. L., Garrett, R. K., & Gleason, L. S. (2010). A new era of minimal effects? A response to Bennett and Iyengar. Journal of Communication, 60, 15-34.
    • (2010) Journal of Communication , vol.60 , pp. 15-34
    • Holbert, R.L.1    Garrett, R.K.2    Gleason, L.S.3
  • 25
    • 0042841121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pull-Push-Technologie
    • Horstmann, R., & Timm, U. J. (1998). Pull-Push-Technologie. [Pull-Push-Technology.]. Wirtschaftsinformatik, 40, 242-244.
    • (1998) Wirtschaftsinformatik , vol.40 , pp. 242-244
    • Horstmann, R.1    Timm, U.J.2
  • 26
    • 83255164822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motives for Internet use and their relationships with personality traits and socio-demographic factors
    • Kalmus, V., Realo, A., & Siibak, A. (2011). Motives for Internet use and their relationships with personality traits and socio-demographic factors. Trames, 15, 385-403.
    • (2011) Trames , vol.15 , pp. 385-403
    • Kalmus, V.1    Realo, A.2    Siibak, A.3
  • 29
    • 80053954849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kognitive Dissonanz Revisited. Selektive Zuwendung zu einstellungskonsistenten und -inkonsistenten politischen Informationen
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2007). Kognitive Dissonanz Revisited. Selektive Zuwendung zu einstellungskonsistenten und -inkonsistenten politischen Informationen. [Cognitive dissonance revisited. Selective exposure to attitude-consistent and attitude-inconsistent political information.]. Publizistik, 52, 51-62.
    • (2007) Publizistik , vol.52 , pp. 51-62
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S.1
  • 30
    • 20444402297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective exposure effects for positive and negative news: Testing the robustness of the informational utility model
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Dillman Carpentier, F., Blumhoff, A., & Nickel, N. (2005). Selective exposure effects for positive and negative news: Testing the robustness of the informational utility model. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82, 181-195. (Pubitemid 40801451)
    • (2005) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 181-195
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S.1    Carpentier, F.D.2    Blumhoff, A.3    Nickel, N.4
  • 31
    • 79953327003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement of the political self through selective exposure to political messages
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Meng, J. (2011). Reinforcement of the political self through selective exposure to political messages. Journal of Communication, 61, 349-368.
    • (2011) Journal of Communication , vol.61 , pp. 349-368
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S.1    Meng, J.2
  • 36
    • 33751573913 scopus 로고
    • The influence of perceptions of media influence: Third person effects and the public expression of opinions
    • Mutz, D. C. (1989). The influence of perceptions of media influence: Third person effects and the public expression of opinions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1, 3-23.
    • (1989) International Journal of Public Opinion Research , vol.1 , pp. 3-23
    • Mutz, D.C.1
  • 37
    • 0035532339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media
    • Mutz, D. C., & Martin, P. S. (2001). Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media. American Political Science Review, 95, 97-114.
    • (2001) American Political Science Review , vol.95 , pp. 97-114
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Martin, P.S.2
  • 39
    • 84866359678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossmedialität oder Ablösung? Anbieterbefragung I: Journalismus im Ü bergang von den traditionellen Massenmedien ins Internet
    • C. Neuberger, C. Nuernbergk & M. Rischke (Eds.) . Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fü r Sozialwissenschaften
    • Neuberger, C., Nuernbergk, C., & Rischke, M. (2009). Crossmedialität oder Ablösung? Anbieterbefragung I: Journalismus im Ü bergang von den traditionellen Massenmedien ins Internet. [Crossmediality or resignment? Provider survey I: Journalism in transition from traditional mass media towards the Internet.]. In C. Neuberger, C. Nuernbergk & M. Rischke (Eds.), Journalismus im Internet. Profession -Partizipation -Technisierung. [Online Journalism. Profession -Participation -Mechanization.] (pp. 231-268). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fü r Sozialwissenschaften.
    • (2009) Journalismus im Internet. Profession -Partizipation -Technisierung. [Online Journalism. Profession -Participation -Mechanization.] , pp. 231-268
    • Neuberger, C.1    Nuernbergk, C.2    Rischke, M.3
  • 40
    • 84866358573 scopus 로고
    • Wahlentscheidung in der Fernsehdemokratie. Eine sozialpsychologische Interpretation der Bundestagswahl 1972
    • E. Noelle-Neumann (Ed.), Freiburg: Ploetz
    • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1980). Wahlentscheidung in der Fernsehdemokratie. Eine sozialpsychologische Interpretation der Bundestagswahl 1972. [Voting decisions in a TV democracy. A social psychological investigation of the 1972 German federal elections.]. In E. Noelle-Neumann (Ed.), Wahlentscheidung in der Fernsehdemokratie. [Voting decisions in a TV democracy.] (pp. 27-76). Freiburg: Ploetz.
    • (1980) Wahlentscheidung in der Fernsehdemokratie. [Voting Decisions in A TV Democracy.] , pp. 27-76
    • Noelle-Neumann, E.1
  • 41
    • 0000011205 scopus 로고
    • The theory of public opinion: The concept of the spiral of silence
    • J. A. Anderson (Ed.), Newbury Park: Sage
    • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1991). The theory of public opinion: The concept of the spiral of silence. In J. A. Anderson (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 14 (pp. 256-287). Newbury Park: Sage.
    • (1991) Communication Yearbook , vol.14 , pp. 256-287
    • Noelle-Neumann, E.1
  • 42
    • 84933489147 scopus 로고
    • Antwort auf Dieter Fuchs, Jürgen Gerhards und Friedhelm Neidhardt: Ö ffentliche Kommunikationsbereitschaft. Ein Test zentraler Bestandteile der Theorie der Schweigespirale
    • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1992). Antwort auf Dieter Fuchs, Jürgen Gerhards und Friedhelm Neidhardt: Ö ffentliche Kommunikationsbereitschaft. Ein Test zentraler Bestandteile der Theorie der Schweigespirale. [Response to Dieter Fuchs, Jürgen Gerhards and Friedhelm Neidhardt: Willingness to speak out in public. A test of major elements of the spiral of silence theory.]. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 21, 385-388.
    • (1992) Zeitschrift für Soziologie , vol.21 , pp. 385-388
    • Noelle-Neumann, E.1
  • 46
    • 4043109797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Konsonanz 30 Jahre später. Eine international vergleichende Studie zum Einfluss konsonanter Berichterstattung auf Meinungen zur europäischen Integration
    • Peter, J. (2003). Konsonanz 30 Jahre später. Eine international vergleichende Studie zum Einfluss konsonanter Berichterstattung auf Meinungen zur europäischen Integration. [Consonance 30 years after-a cross-nationally comparative study on the impact of consonant coverage on opinions about European integration.]. Publizistik, 48(2), 190-208.
    • (2003) Publizistik , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-208
    • Peter, J.1
  • 47
    • 84965704389 scopus 로고
    • Opinion spirals, silent and otherwise: Applying smallgroup research to public opinion phenomena
    • Price, V., & Allen, S. (1990). Opinion spirals, silent and otherwise: Applying smallgroup research to public opinion phenomena. Communication Research, 17, 269-392.
    • (1990) Communication Research , vol.17 , pp. 269-392
    • Price, V.1    Allen, S.2
  • 49
    • 77951853421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beziehen sich Medien immer mehr auf Medien? Dimensionen, Belege, Erklärungen
    • Reinemann, C., & Huismann, J. (2007). Beziehen sich Medien immer mehr auf Medien? Dimensionen, Belege, Erklärungen. [Are the media becoming more media-reliant? Dimensions, evidence, explanations.]. Publizistik, 52, 465-484.
    • (2007) Publizistik , vol.52 , pp. 465-484
    • Reinemann, C.1    Huismann, J.2
  • 52
    • 84866371117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wirkungsmodelle: die digitale Herausforderung revisited. Forschungsstand zu Wirkungen von Online-Kommunikation -ein rückblickender Essay
    • S. Kimpeler, M. Mangold & W. Schweiger (Eds.), Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fü r Sozialwissenschaften
    • Roessler, P. (2007). Wirkungsmodelle: die digitale Herausforderung revisited. Forschungsstand zu Wirkungen von Online-Kommunikation -ein rückblickender Essay. [Media effect-models: The digital challenge revisited. Research state of the art on effects of online-communication -an essay in retrospective.]. In S. Kimpeler, M. Mangold & W. Schweiger (Eds.), Die digitale Herausforderung. Zehn Jahre Forschung zur computervermittelten Kommunikation. [The digital challenge. Ten years of research on computer-mediated communication.] (pp. 91-106). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fü r Sozialwissenschaften.
    • (2007) Die Digitale Herausforderung. Zehn Jahre Forschung Zur Computervermittelten Kommunikation. [The Digital Challenge. Ten Years of Research on Computer-mediated Communication.] , pp. 91-106
    • Roessler, P.1
  • 53
    • 77949678052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media content diversity: Conceptual issues and future directions for communication research
    • C. S. Beck (Ed.), Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Roessler, P. (2008). Media content diversity: Conceptual issues and future directions for communication research. In C. S. Beck (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 31 (pp. 447-514). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (2008) Communication Yearbook , vol.31 , pp. 447-514
    • Roessler, P.1
  • 56
    • 0002581061 scopus 로고
    • The spiral of silence. Ten years later. An examination and evaluation
    • K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid & D. Nimmo (Eds.), Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press
    • Salmon, C. T., & Kline, F. G. (1985). The spiral of silence. Ten years later. An examination and evaluation. In K. R. Sanders, L. L. Kaid & D. Nimmo (Eds.), Political Communication Yearbook 1984 (pp. 3-30). Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press.
    • (1985) Political Communication Yearbook , vol.1984 , pp. 3-30
    • Salmon, C.T.1    Kline, F.G.2
  • 57
    • 0002081925 scopus 로고
    • Das unterschätzte Publikum. Wie Themenbewusstsein und politische Meinungsbildung im Alltag von Massenmedien und interpersonaler Kommunikation beeinflusst warden
    • F. Neidhardt (Ed.), Opladen: Westdeutscher, Verlag
    • Schenk, M., & Roessler, P. (1994). Das unterschätzte Publikum. Wie Themenbewusstsein und politische Meinungsbildung im Alltag von Massenmedien und interpersonaler Kommunikation beeinflusst werden. [The underestimated audience. How issue-awareness and political opinion formation are influenced by mass media and interpersonal communication in everyday life.]. In F. Neidhardt (Ed.), Ö ffentlichkeit, Ö ffentliche Meinung, Soziale Bewegungen. [Public, public opinion, social movements] (pp. 261-295). Opladen: Westdeutscher, Verlag.
    • (1994) Ö Ffentlichkeit, Ö Ffentliche Meinung, Soziale Bewegungen. [Public, Public Opinion, Social Movements] , pp. 261-295
    • Schenk, M.1    Roessler, P.2
  • 59
    • 84866350804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ich chatte -wer bin ich? Identität und Selbstdarstellung in virtuellen Kommunikationssituationen
    • Scherer, H., & Wirth, W. (2002). Ich chatte -wer bin ich? Identität und Selbstdarstellung in virtuellen Kommunikationssituationen. [I chat -who am I? Identity and image in virtual communication environments.]. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 50, 337-358.
    • (2002) Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft , vol.50 , pp. 337-358
    • Scherer, H.1    Wirth, W.2
  • 60
    • 84866391294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ö ffentliche Meinung als Online-Diskurs -ein neuer empirischer Zugang
    • Schweiger, W., & Weihermü ller, M. (2008). Ö ffentliche Meinung als Online-Diskurs -ein neuer empirischer Zugang. [Public opinion as online discourse -a new empirical approach.]. Publizistik, 53, 535-559.
    • (2008) Publizistik , vol.53 , pp. 535-559
    • Schweiger, W.1    Weihermüller, M.2
  • 61
    • 0005145067 scopus 로고
    • Selective exposure to information: A critical review
    • Sears, D. O., & Freedman, J. L. (1967). Selective exposure to information: A critical review. Public Opinion Quarterly, 31, 194-213.
    • (1967) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 194-213
    • Sears, D.O.1    Freedman, J.L.2
  • 62
    • 49249105421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure
    • Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior, 30, 341-366.
    • (2008) Political Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 341-366
    • Stroud, N.J.1
  • 63
    • 0004282642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2001) Republic.com
    • Sunstein, C.R.1
  • 64
    • 79957597457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the political blogosphere: Perceptions of political bloggers about their sphere
    • Tomaszeski, M., Proffitt, J. M., & McClung, S. (2009). Exploring the political blogosphere: Perceptions of political bloggers about their sphere. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(2), 72-87.
    • (2009) Atlantic Journal of Communication , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-87
    • Tomaszeski, M.1    Proffitt, J.M.2    McClung, S.3
  • 65
    • 68149101522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective exposure in the Internet age: The interaction between anxiety and information utility
    • Valentino, N. A., Banks, A. J., Hutchings, V. L., & Davis, A. K. (2009). Selective exposure in the Internet age: The interaction between anxiety and information utility. Political Psychology, 30, 591-613.
    • (2009) Political Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 591-613
    • Valentino, N.A.1    Banks, A.J.2    Hutchings, V.L.3    Davis, A.K.4
  • 66
    • 0022120771 scopus 로고
    • The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre
    • Vallone, R. P., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 49, 577-585.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 577-585
    • Vallone, R.P.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.R.3
  • 67
    • 0347241080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chatrooms and the spiral of silence: An examination of online-discussions during the final 1995 U.S. presidential debate
    • Acapulco, Mexico
    • Wanta, W., & Dimitrova, D. (2000). Chatrooms and the spiral of silence: An examination of online-discussions during the final 1995 U.S. presidential debate. Paper presented to the International Communication Association, Acapulco, Mexico.
    • (2000) International Communication Association
    • Wanta, W.1    Dimitrova, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.