메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 974-979

RAF signaling in neuroendocrine neoplasms: From bench to bedside

Author keywords

BRAF; Cell signaling; MAPK; Molecular targeted therapy; NET; Neuroendocrine neoplasms; Neuroendocrine tumors; RAF; RAF 1

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; BEVACIZUMAB; CHIR 265; CHROMOGRANIN A; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DABRAFENIB; DACTOLISIB; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EVEROLIMUS; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 7; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; PASIREOTIDE; RAF PROTEIN; SEROTONIN; SORAFENIB; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; SUNITINIB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS INDUCING LIGAND;

EID: 84904791071     PISSN: 03057372     EISSN: 15321967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.06.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 84862754168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse endocrine system, neuroendocrine tumors and immunity: what's new?
    • Ameri P., Ferone D. Diffuse endocrine system, neuroendocrine tumors and immunity: what's new?. Neuroendocrinology 2012, 95:267-276.
    • (2012) Neuroendocrinology , vol.95 , pp. 267-276
    • Ameri, P.1    Ferone, D.2
  • 2
    • 46449110634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumours in 35,825 cases in the United States
    • Yao J., Hassan M., Phan A., Dagohoy C., Leary C., Mares J.E., et al. One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumours in 35,825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:3063-3072.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 3063-3072
    • Yao, J.1    Hassan, M.2    Phan, A.3    Dagohoy, C.4    Leary, C.5    Mares, J.E.6
  • 4
    • 84904818507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. 4th ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon;
    • Bosman F, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. 4th ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; 2010.
    • (2010)
    • Bosman, F.1
  • 5
    • 52449104598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priorities for improving the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
    • Modlin I., Moss S., Chung D., Jensen R.T., Snyderwine E. Priorities for improving the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100:1282-1289.
    • (2008) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.100 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Modlin, I.1    Moss, S.2    Chung, D.3    Jensen, R.T.4    Snyderwine, E.5
  • 6
    • 84896374336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targeted therapies in enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: from biology to clinical practice
    • Fazio N., Scarpa A., Falconi M. Molecular targeted therapies in enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: from biology to clinical practice. Curr Med Chem 2014, 21:2017-2025.
    • (2014) Curr Med Chem , vol.21 , pp. 2017-2025
    • Fazio, N.1    Scarpa, A.2    Falconi, M.3
  • 7
    • 79952279828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
    • Jiao Y., Shi C., Edil B.H., de Wilde R.F., Klimstra D.S., Maitra A., et al. DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science 2011, 331:1199-1203.
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 1199-1203
    • Jiao, Y.1    Shi, C.2    Edil, B.H.3    de Wilde, R.F.4    Klimstra, D.S.5    Maitra, A.6
  • 8
    • 74949122343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic endocrine tumors: expression profiling evidences a role for AKT-mTOR path-way
    • Missiaglia E., Dalai I., Barbi S., Beghelli S., Falconi M., della Peruta M., et al. Pancreatic endocrine tumors: expression profiling evidences a role for AKT-mTOR path-way. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:245-255.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 245-255
    • Missiaglia, E.1    Dalai, I.2    Barbi, S.3    Beghelli, S.4    Falconi, M.5    della Peruta, M.6
  • 9
    • 0027813823 scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase kinase: a node connecting multiple pathways
    • Mordret G. MAP kinase kinase: a node connecting multiple pathways. Biol Cell 1993, 79:193-207.
    • (1993) Biol Cell , vol.79 , pp. 193-207
    • Mordret, G.1
  • 10
    • 0028008323 scopus 로고
    • Deciphering the MAP kinase pathway
    • L'Allemain G. Deciphering the MAP kinase pathway. Prog Growth Factor Res 1994, 5:291-334.
    • (1994) Prog Growth Factor Res , vol.5 , pp. 291-334
    • L'Allemain, G.1
  • 11
    • 77952867730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target of RAf in tumorigenesis
    • Niault T.S., Baccarini M. Target of RAf in tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2010, 31:1165-1174.
    • (2010) Carcinogenesis , vol.31 , pp. 1165-1174
    • Niault, T.S.1    Baccarini, M.2
  • 13
    • 33244482181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mitogen-activated ERK-kinase inhibitors in lung cancer therapy
    • Adjei A.A. The role of mitogen-activated ERK-kinase inhibitors in lung cancer therapy. Clin Lung Cancer 2005, 7:221-223.
    • (2005) Clin Lung Cancer , vol.7 , pp. 221-223
    • Adjei, A.A.1
  • 14
    • 84858984798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways: role in cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapeutic approaches
    • De Luca A., Maiello M.R., D'Alessio A., Pergameno M., Normanno N. The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathways: role in cancer pathogenesis and implications for therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012, 16(Suppl. 2):S17-S27.
    • (2012) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • De Luca, A.1    Maiello, M.R.2    D'Alessio, A.3    Pergameno, M.4    Normanno, N.5
  • 15
    • 0031742981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionizing radiation-induced MEK and Erk activation does not enhance survival of irradiated human squamous carcinoma cells
    • Bonner J.A., Vroman B.T., Christianson T.J., Kamitz L.M. Ionizing radiation-induced MEK and Erk activation does not enhance survival of irradiated human squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998, 42:921-925.
    • (1998) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.42 , pp. 921-925
    • Bonner, J.A.1    Vroman, B.T.2    Christianson, T.J.3    Kamitz, L.M.4
  • 16
    • 0031900740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction through MAP kinase cascades
    • Lewis T.S., Shapiro P.S., Ahn N.G. Signal transduction through MAP kinase cascades. Adv Cancer Res 1998, 7:49-139.
    • (1998) Adv Cancer Res , vol.7 , pp. 49-139
    • Lewis, T.S.1    Shapiro, P.S.2    Ahn, N.G.3
  • 17
    • 0034997845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions
    • Pearson G., Robinson F., Beers Gibson T., Xu B.E., Karandikar M., Berman K., et al. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions. Endocr Rev 2001, 22:153-183.
    • (2001) Endocr Rev , vol.22 , pp. 153-183
    • Pearson, G.1    Robinson, F.2    Beers Gibson, T.3    Xu, B.E.4    Karandikar, M.5    Berman, K.6
  • 18
    • 78650026316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KRAS and BRAF: drug targets and predictive biomarkers
    • Vakiani E., Solit D. KRAS and BRAF: drug targets and predictive biomarkers. J Pathol 2011, 223:219-229.
    • (2011) J Pathol , vol.223 , pp. 219-229
    • Vakiani, E.1    Solit, D.2
  • 19
    • 0035328521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active RAS induces heterodimerization of cRAF and BRAF
    • Weber C.K., Slupsky J.R., Kalmes H.A., Rapp U.R. Active RAS induces heterodimerization of cRAF and BRAF. Cancer Res 2001, 61:3595-3598.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 3595-3598
    • Weber, C.K.1    Slupsky, J.R.2    Kalmes, H.A.3    Rapp, U.R.4
  • 21
    • 12144289677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF
    • Wan P.T., Garnett M.J., Roe S.M., Lee S., Niculescu-Duvaz D., Good V.M., et al. Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell 2004, 116:855-867.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 855-867
    • Wan, P.T.1    Garnett, M.J.2    Roe, S.M.3    Lee, S.4    Niculescu-Duvaz, D.5    Good, V.M.6
  • 22
    • 0037089089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent functions of RAF kinases
    • Hindley A., Kolch W. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent functions of RAF kinases. J Cell Sci 2002, 115:1575-1581.
    • (2002) J Cell Sci , vol.115 , pp. 1575-1581
    • Hindley, A.1    Kolch, W.2
  • 24
    • 0031041171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of RAF-1, A-RAF, and B-RAF by oncogenic RAS and tyrosine kinases
    • Marais R., Light Y., Paterson H.F., Mason C.S., Marshall C.J. Differential regulation of RAF-1, A-RAF, and B-RAF by oncogenic RAS and tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:4378-4383.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 4378-4383
    • Marais, R.1    Light, Y.2    Paterson, H.F.3    Mason, C.S.4    Marshall, C.J.5
  • 25
    • 27544453376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of C-RAF are rare in human cancer because C-RAF has a low basal kinase activity compared with B-RAF
    • Emuss V., Garnett M., Mason C., Marais R. Mutations of C-RAF are rare in human cancer because C-RAF has a low basal kinase activity compared with B-RAF. Cancer Res 2005, 65:9719-9726.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 9719-9726
    • Emuss, V.1    Garnett, M.2    Mason, C.3    Marais, R.4
  • 27
    • 0033604576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotype-specific functions of RAF kinases
    • Nov 25
    • Hagemann C., Rapp U.R. Isotype-specific functions of RAF kinases. Exp Cell Res 1999 Nov 25, 253(1):34-46.
    • (1999) Exp Cell Res , vol.253 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-46
    • Hagemann, C.1    Rapp, U.R.2
  • 28
  • 29
    • 11244304215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF and endocrine tumors: mutations are frequent in papillary thyroid carcinomas, rare in endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and not detected in other endocrine tumors
    • Perren A., Schmid S., Locher T., Saremaslani P., Bonvin C., Heitz P.U., et al. BRAF and endocrine tumors: mutations are frequent in papillary thyroid carcinomas, rare in endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and not detected in other endocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2004, 11:855-860.
    • (2004) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 855-860
    • Perren, A.1    Schmid, S.2    Locher, T.3    Saremaslani, P.4    Bonvin, C.5    Heitz, P.U.6
  • 30
    • 0031708543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic endocrine tumours: evidence for a tumour suppressor pathogenesis and for a tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 17p
    • Beghelli S., Pelosi G., Zamboni G., Falconi M., Iacono C., Bordi C., et al. Pancreatic endocrine tumours: evidence for a tumour suppressor pathogenesis and for a tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 17p. J Pathol 1998, 186:41-50.
    • (1998) J Pathol , vol.186 , pp. 41-50
    • Beghelli, S.1    Pelosi, G.2    Zamboni, G.3    Falconi, M.4    Iacono, C.5    Bordi, C.6
  • 31
    • 33646248388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RAF-1 pathway: a molecular target for treatment of select neuroendocrine tumours?
    • Feb
    • Kunnimalaiyaan M., Chen H. The RAF-1 pathway: a molecular target for treatment of select neuroendocrine tumours?. Anticancer Drugs 2006 Feb, 17(2):139-142.
    • (2006) Anticancer Drugs , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-142
    • Kunnimalaiyaan, M.1    Chen, H.2
  • 33
    • 33748132208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vivo activation of RAF-1 inhibits tumour growth and development in a xenogRAFt model of human medullary thyroid cancer
    • Aug
    • Vaccaro A., Chen H., Kunnimalaiyaan M. In-vivo activation of RAF-1 inhibits tumour growth and development in a xenogRAFt model of human medullary thyroid cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2006 Aug, 17(7):849-853.
    • (2006) Anticancer Drugs , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 849-853
    • Vaccaro, A.1    Chen, H.2    Kunnimalaiyaan, M.3
  • 35
    • 77952936178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal adhesion kinase, a downstream mediator of Raf-1 signaling, suppresses cellular adhesion, migration, and neuroendocrine markers in BON carcinoid cells
    • Ning L., Chen H., Kunnimalaiyaan M. Focal adhesion kinase, a downstream mediator of Raf-1 signaling, suppresses cellular adhesion, migration, and neuroendocrine markers in BON carcinoid cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010, 8:775-782.
    • (2010) Mol Cancer Res , vol.8 , pp. 775-782
    • Ning, L.1    Chen, H.2    Kunnimalaiyaan, M.3
  • 36
    • 33846873429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma
    • Flaherty K.T. Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:747-752s.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 37
    • 33748325763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis
    • Eisen T., Ahmad T., Flaherty K.T., Gore M., Kaye S., Marais R., et al. Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis. Br J Cancer 2006, 95:581-586.
    • (2006) Br J Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 581-586
    • Eisen, T.1    Ahmad, T.2    Flaherty, K.T.3    Gore, M.4    Kaye, S.5    Marais, R.6
  • 38
    • 4944249117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumour activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour progression and angiogenesis
    • Wilhelm S.M., Carter C., Tang L., Wilkie D., McNabola A., Rong H., et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumour activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2004, 64.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64
    • Wilhelm, S.M.1    Carter, C.2    Tang, L.3    Wilkie, D.4    McNabola, A.5    Rong, H.6
  • 39
    • 42949149240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-RAF kinase with potent antimelanoma activity
    • Tsai J., Lee J.T., Wang W., Zhang J., Cho H., Mamo S., et al. Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-RAF kinase with potent antimelanoma activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:3041-3046.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 3041-3046
    • Tsai, J.1    Lee, J.T.2    Wang, W.3    Zhang, J.4    Cho, H.5    Mamo, S.6
  • 41
    • 84891648456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • 10 Sep
    • Ascierto P., Minor D., Ribas A., Lebbe C., O'Hagan A., Arya N., et al. Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 10 Sep 2013, 31(26):3205-3211.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , Issue.26 , pp. 3205-3211
    • Ascierto, P.1    Minor, D.2    Ribas, A.3    Lebbe, C.4    O'Hagan, A.5    Arya, N.6
  • 42
    • 76649101419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a novel RAF-1 pathway activator that inhibits gastrointestinal carcinoid cell growth
    • Feb, [MCT-09-0718, Epub 2010 Jan 26]
    • Cook M.R., Pinchot S.N., Jaskula-Sztul R., Luo J., Kunnimalaiyaan M., Chen H., et al. Identification of a novel RAF-1 pathway activator that inhibits gastrointestinal carcinoid cell growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2010 Feb, 9(2):429-437. [MCT-09-0718, Epub 2010 Jan 26]. 10.1158/1535-7163.
    • (2010) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 429-437
    • Cook, M.R.1    Pinchot, S.N.2    Jaskula-Sztul, R.3    Luo, J.4    Kunnimalaiyaan, M.5    Chen, H.6
  • 43
    • 60549091925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tautomycin suppresses growth and neuroendocrine hormone markers in carcinoid cells through activation of the RAF-1 pathway
    • Pinchot S., Adler J., Luo Y., Ju J., Li W., Shen B., et al. Tautomycin suppresses growth and neuroendocrine hormone markers in carcinoid cells through activation of the RAF-1 pathway. Am J Surg 2009, 197(3):313-319.
    • (2009) Am J Surg , vol.197 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-319
    • Pinchot, S.1    Adler, J.2    Luo, Y.3    Ju, J.4    Li, W.5    Shen, B.6
  • 44
    • 77952224258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tautomycetin and tautomycin suppress the growth of medullary thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β
    • May
    • Adler J.T., Cook M., Luo Y., Pitt S.C., Ju J., Li W., et al. Tautomycetin and tautomycin suppress the growth of medullary thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Mol Cancer Ther May 2010, 9:1482.
    • (2010) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.9 , pp. 1482
    • Adler, J.T.1    Cook, M.2    Luo, Y.3    Pitt, S.C.4    Ju, J.5    Li, W.6
  • 45
    • 21344443715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ZM336372, a RAF-1 activator, suppresses growth and neuroendocrine hormone levels in carcinoid tumour cells
    • Jun
    • Van Gompel J.J., Kunnimalaiyaan M., Holen K., Chen H. ZM336372, a RAF-1 activator, suppresses growth and neuroendocrine hormone levels in carcinoid tumour cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005 Jun, 4(6):910-917.
    • (2005) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 910-917
    • Van Gompel, J.J.1    Kunnimalaiyaan, M.2    Holen, K.3    Chen, H.4
  • 46
    • 84877921239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I study of sorafenib in combination with everolimus (RAD001) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours
    • May, [Epub 2013 Mar 9]
    • Chan J.A., Mayer R.J., Jackson N., Malinowski P., Regan E., Kulke M. Phase I study of sorafenib in combination with everolimus (RAD001) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013 May, 71(5):1241-1246. [Epub 2013 Mar 9]. 10.1007/s00280-013-2118-9.
    • (2013) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.71 , Issue.5 , pp. 1241-1246
    • Chan, J.A.1    Mayer, R.J.2    Jackson, N.3    Malinowski, P.4    Regan, E.5    Kulke, M.6
  • 47
    • 58049200573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pandolfi PP. Deconstructing feedback-signaling networks to improve anticancer therapy with mTORC1 inhibitors
    • Dec 15, [Epub 2008 Dec 22]
    • Carracedo A1., Baselga J. Pandolfi PP. Deconstructing feedback-signaling networks to improve anticancer therapy with mTORC1 inhibitors. Cell Cycle. 2008 Dec 15, 7(24):3805-3809. [Epub 2008 Dec 22].
    • (2008) Cell Cycle. , vol.7 , Issue.24 , pp. 3805-3809
    • Carracedo, A.1.1    Baselga, J.2
  • 48
    • 84904786394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MC044h, a phase II trial of sorafenib in patients (pts) with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a phase II consortium (P2C) study. (Meeting Abstracts) June [no. 18_suppl 4504].
    • Hobday T, Rubin J, Holen K, Picus J, Donehower R, Marschke R, et al. MC044h, a phase II trial of sorafenib in patients (pts) with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a phase II consortium (P2C) study. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) June 2007; vol. 25 [no. 18_suppl 4504].
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25
    • Hobday, T.1    Rubin, J.2    Holen, K.3    Picus, J.4    Donehower, R.5    Marschke, R.6
  • 49
    • 84888009143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorafenib and bevacizumab combination targeted therapy in advanced neuroendocrine tumour: a phase II study of Spanish Neuroendocrine Tumour Group (GETNE0801)
    • Dec, [Epub 2013 Sep 5]
    • Castellano D., Capdevila J., Sastre J., Alonso V., Llanos M., Garcia-Carbonero R., et al. Sorafenib and bevacizumab combination targeted therapy in advanced neuroendocrine tumour: a phase II study of Spanish Neuroendocrine Tumour Group (GETNE0801). Eur J Cancer 2013 Dec, 49(18):3780-3787. [Epub 2013 Sep 5]. 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.042.
    • (2013) Eur J Cancer , vol.49 , Issue.18 , pp. 3780-3787
    • Castellano, D.1    Capdevila, J.2    Sastre, J.3    Alonso, V.4    Llanos, M.5    Garcia-Carbonero, R.6
  • 50
    • 77952468875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II clinical trial of sorafenib in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer
    • May 10, [Epub 2010 Apr 5]
    • Lam E.T., Ringel M.D., Kloos R.T., Prior T.W., Knopp M.V., Liang J., et al. Phase II clinical trial of sorafenib in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010 May 10, 28(14):2323-2330. [Epub 2010 Apr 5]. 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0068.
    • (2010) J Clin Oncol , vol.28 , Issue.14 , pp. 2323-2330
    • Lam, E.T.1    Ringel, M.D.2    Kloos, R.T.3    Prior, T.W.4    Knopp, M.V.5    Liang, J.6
  • 51
    • 84876416518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo RAF signal transduction as a potential biomarker for sorafenib efficacy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours
    • Apr 2, [Epub 2013 Feb 14]
    • Quintela-Fandino M., Krzyzanowska M., Duncan G., Young A., Moore M.J., Chen E.X., et al. In vivo RAF signal transduction as a potential biomarker for sorafenib efficacy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Cancer 2013 Apr 2, 108(6):1298-1305. [Epub 2013 Feb 14]. 10.1038/bjc.2013.64.
    • (2013) Br J Cancer , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 1298-1305
    • Quintela-Fandino, M.1    Krzyzanowska, M.2    Duncan, G.3    Young, A.4    Moore, M.J.5    Chen, E.X.6
  • 52
    • 77953609118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory activation of Akt in response to mTOR and Raf inhibitors - a rationale for dual-targeted therapy approaches in neuroendocrine tumor disease
    • 1 September
    • Zitzmann K., Rüden J., Brand S., Goke B., Lichtl J., Spottl G., et al. Compensatory activation of Akt in response to mTOR and Raf inhibitors - a rationale for dual-targeted therapy approaches in neuroendocrine tumor disease. Cancer Lett 1 September 2010, 295(1):100-109.
    • (2010) Cancer Lett , vol.295 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-109
    • Zitzmann, K.1    Rüden, J.2    Brand, S.3    Goke, B.4    Lichtl, J.5    Spottl, G.6
  • 53
    • 84895787003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cotargeting the PI3K and RAS pathways for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors
    • Mar 1
    • Valentino J.D., Li J., Zaytseva Y.Y., Elliott V.A., Kim J.T., Harris J.W., et al. Cotargeting the PI3K and RAS pathways for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2014 Mar 1, 20(5):1212-1222.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 1212-1222
    • Valentino, J.D.1    Li, J.2    Zaytseva, Y.Y.3    Elliott, V.A.4    Kim, J.T.5    Harris, J.W.6
  • 56


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.