Two-nanometer voids in single-layer hexagonal boron nitride: Formation via the "can-opener" effect and annihilation by self-healing

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 7423-7431

  Cun, Huanyao ^a   Iannuzzi, Marcella ^a   Hemmi, Adrian ^a   Osterwalder, Jürg ^a   Greber, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

"can opener" effect; defect; hexagonal boron nitride; nanotent; self healing

Indexed keywords

DEFECTS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SURFACE DEFECTS;

CAN-OPENER EFFECT; ELEVATED TEMPERATURE; HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE; LOW ENERGY IONS; NANOTENT; NEAREST NEIGHBOR DISTANCE; SELF-HEALING; VACANCY DEFECTS;

BORON NITRIDE;

EID: 84904732601     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn502645w     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Batzill, M. The Surface Science of Graphene: Metal Interfaces, CVD Synthesis, Nanoribbons, Chemical Modifications, and Defects Surf. Sci. Rep. 2012, 67, 83-115
2. Pakdel, A.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D. Nano Boron Nitride Flatland Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 934-959
3. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. The Rise of Graphene Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183-191
4. Song, L.; Ci, L.; Lu, H.; Sorokin, P. B.; Jin, C.; Ni, J.; Kvashnin, A. G.; Kvashnin, D. G.; Lou, J.; Yakobson, B. I.; Ajayan, P. M. Large Scale Growth and Characterization of Atomic Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3209-3215
5. Corso, M.; Auwärter, W.; Muntwiler, M.; Tamai, A.; Greber, T.; Osterwalder, J. Boron Nitride Nanomesh Science 2004, 303, 217-220
6. N'Diaye, A. T.; Bleikamp, S.; Feibelman, P. J.; Michely, T. Two-Dimensional Ir Cluster Lattice on a Graphene Moire on Ir(111) Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 215501
7. Sutter, P. W.; Flege, J.-I.; Sutter, E. A. Epitaxial Graphene on Ruthenium Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 406-411
8. Sutter, P.; T, S. J.; Sutter, E. Graphene on Pt(111): Growth and Substrate Interaction Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2009, 80, 245411
9. Brugger, T.; Günther, S.; Wang, B.; Dil, J. H.; Bocquet, M.-L.; Osterwalder, J.; Wintterlin, J.; Greber, T. Comparison of Electronic Structure and Template Function of Single-Layer Graphene and a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomesh on Ru(0001) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2009, 79, 045407
10. Li, X. S.; Cai, W. W.; An, J.; Kim, S.; Nah, J.; Yang, D. X.; Piner, R.; Velamakanni, A.; Jung, I.; Tutuc, E.; Banerjee, S. K.; Colombo, L.; Ruoff, R. S. Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils Science 2009, 324, 1312-1314
11. Coletti, C.; Riedl, C.; Lee, D. S.; Krauss, B.; Patthey, L.; Klitzing, K.; Smet, J. H.; Starke1, U. Charge Neutrality and Band-Gap Tuning of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC by Molecular Doping Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2010, 81, 235401
12. Joshi, S.; Ecija, D.; Koitz, R.; Iannuzzi, M.; Seitsonen, A. P.; Hutter, J.; Sachdev, R.; Vijayaraghavan, S.; Bischoff, F.; Seufert, K.; Barth, J. V.; Auwärter, W. Boron Nitride on Cu(111): An Electronically Corrugated Monolayer Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5821-5828
13. Dil, H.; Lobo-Checa, J.; Laskowski, R.; Blaha, P.; Berner, S.; Osterwalder, J.; Greber, T. Surface Trapping of Atoms and Molecules with Dipole Rings Science 2008, 319, 1824-1826
14. Ma, H. F.; Ding, Y.; Iannuzzi, M.; Brugger, T.; Berner, S.; Hutter, J.; Osterwalder, J.; Greber, T. Chiral Distortion of Confined Ice Oligomers (n = 5,6) Langmuir 2012, 28, 15246-15250
15. Tseng, T.; Urban, C.; Wang, Y.; Otero, R.; Tait, S. L.; AlcamÄś, M.; écija, D.; Trelka, M.; Gallego, J. M.; Lin, N.; Konuma, M.; Starke, U.; Nefedov, A.; Langner, A.; Wöll, C. et al. Charge-Transfer-Induced Structural Rearrangements at both Sides of Organic/Metal Interfaces Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 374-379
16. Auwärter, W.; Muntwiler, M.; Greber, T.; Osterwalder, J. Co on h -BN/Ni(111): from Island to Island-Chain Formation and Co Intercalation Surf. Sci. 2002, 511, 379-386
17. Preobrajenski, A. B.; Ng, M. L.; Vinogradov, N. A.; Vinogradov, A. S.; Lundgren, E.; Mikkelsen, A.; Martensson, N. Impact of Oxygen Coadsorption on Intercalation of Cobalt under the h -BN Nanomesh Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2780-2787
18. Brugger, T.; Ma, H.; Iannuzzi, M.; Berner, S.; Winkler, A.; Hutter, J.; Osterwalder, J.; Greber, T. Nanotexture Switching of Single-Layer Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Rhodium by Intercalation of Hydrogen Atoms Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6120-6124
19. Mao, J. H.; Huang, L.; Pan, Y.; Gao, M.; He, J. F.; Zhou, H. T.; Guo, H. M.; Tian, Y.; Zou, Q.; Zhang, L. Z.; Zhang, H. G.; Wang, Y. L.; Du, S. X.; Zhou, X. J.; Castro Neto, A. H. et al. Silicon Layer Intercalation of Centimeter-Scale, Epitaxially Grown Monolayer Graphene on Ru(0001) Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 093101
20. Berner, S.; Corso, M.; Widmer, R.; Groening, O.; Laskowski, R.; Blaha, P.; Schwarz, K.; Goriachko, A.; Over, H.; Gsell, S.; Schreck, M.; Sachdev, H.; Greber, T.; Osterwalder, J. Boron Nitride Nanomesh: Functionality from a Corrugated Monolayer Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5115-5119
21. O'Hern, S. C.; Boutilier, M. S. H.; Idrobo, J.-C.; Song, Y.; Kong, J.; Laoui, T.; Atieh, M.; Karnik, R. Selective Ionic Transport through Tunable Subnanometer Pores in Single-Layer Graphene Membranes Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1234-1241
22. Ugeda, M. M.; Brihuega, I.; Guinea, F.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M. Missing Atom as a Source of Carbon Magnetism Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104, 096804
23. Ugeda, M. M.; Fernández-Torre, D.; Brihuega, I.; Pou, P.; Martínez-Galera, A. J.; Pérez, R.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M. Point Defects on Graphene on Metals Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107, 116803
24. Cun, H. Y.; Iannuzzi, M.; Hemmi, A.; Roth, S.; Osterwalder, J.; Greber, T. Immobilizing Individual Atoms beneath a Corrugated Single Layer of Boron Nitride Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2098-2103
25. Standop, S.; Lehtinen, O.; Herbig, C.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Craes, F.; Kotakoski, J.; Michely, T.; Krasheninnikov, A.; Busse, C. Ion Impacts on Graphene/Ir(111): Interface Channeling, Vacancy Funnels, and a Nanomesh Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 1948-1955
26. + Irradiation Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2013, 88, 155419
27. Díaz, J. G.; Ding, Y.; Koitz, R.; Seitsonen, A. P.; Iannuzzi, M.; Hutter, J. Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Transition Metal Surfaces Theor. Chem. Acc. 2013, 132, 1350-1366
28. De Lima, L. H.; Cun, H. Y.; Hemmi, A.; Kaelin, T.; Greber, T. Note: An Ion Source for Alkali Metal Implantation beneath Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayers on Transition Metals Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2013, 84, 126104
29. Cun, H. Y.; Iannuzzi, M.; Hemmi, A.; Osterwalder, J.; Greber, T. Implantation Length and Thermal Stability of Interstitial Ar Atoms in Boron Nitride Nanotents ACS Nano 2014, 8, 1014-1021
30. Zhou, Z.; Hu, Y.; Wang, H.; Xu, Z.; Wang, W. L.; Bai, X. D.; Shan, X. Y.; Lu, X. H. DNA Translocation through Hydrophilic Nanopore in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3287
31. Siria, A.; Poncharal, P.; Biance, A.; Fulcrand, R.; Blase, X.; Purcell, S. T.; Bocquet, L. Giant Osmotic Energy Conversion Measured in a Single Transmembrane Boron Nitride Nanotube Nature 2013, 494, 455-458
32. Laskowski, R.; Blaha, P. Unraveling the Structure of the h -BN/Rh(111) Nanomesh with Ab Initio Calculations J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 2008, 20, 064207
33. Dong, G.; Fourre, E. B.; Tabak, F. C.; Frenken, J. W. M. How Boron Nitride Forms a Regular Nanomesh on Rh(111) Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104, 096102
34. CP2k Developers Group under the Terms of the GNU General Public Licence; see http://www.cp2k.org. 2012.
35. Goedecker, S.; Teter, M.; Hutter, J. Separable Dual-Space Gaussian Pseudopotentials Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 54, 1703-1710
36. VandeVondele, J.; Hutter, J. Gaussian Basis Sets for Accurate Calculations on Molecular Systems in Gas and Condensed Phases J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 127, 114105
37. Perdew, J. P.; Burke, K.; Ernzerhof, M. Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3865-3868
38. Grimme, S.; Antony, J.; Ehrlich, S.; Krieg, H. A Consistent and Accurate Ab Initio Parametrization of Density Functional Dispersion Correction (DFT-D) for the 94 Elements H-Pu J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 154104
39. Ding, Y.; Iannuzzi, M.; Hutter, J. Investigation of Boron Nitride Nanomesh Interacting with Water J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 13685-13692
40. Iannuzzi, M.; Tran, F.; Widmer, R.; Dienel, T.; Radican, K.; Ding, Y.; Hutter, J.; Gröning, O. Site-Selective Adsorption of Phthalocyanine on h -BN/Rh(111) Nanomesh Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 12374-12384
41. Okada, S. Atomic Configurations and Energetics of Vacancies in Hexagonal Boron Nitride: First-Principles Total-Energy Calculations Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2009, 80, 161404