BRAF-mutated microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma: An aggressive adenocarcinoma with reduced CDX2 and increased cytokeratin 7 immunohistochemical expression

Human Pathology

Volumn 45, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1704-1712

  Landau, Michael S ^a   Kuan, Shih Fan ^a   Chiosea, Simon ^a   Pai, Reetesh K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

BRAF; CDX2; CK7; Colorectal carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; MSI

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; CYTOKERATIN 20; CYTOKERATIN 7; MISMATCH REPAIR PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CDX2;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAF MUTATED MICROSATELLITE STABLE COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CANCER STAGING; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PERINEURAL INVASION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; STAINING; VERY ELDERLY;

BRAF; CDX2; CK7; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MSI;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KERATIN-20; KERATIN-7; MALE; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; MICROSATELLITE REPEATS; MIDDLE AGED; MUTATION; PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS B-RAF;

EID: 84904633554     PISSN: 00468177     EISSN: 15328392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.04.008     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. C.P. Vaughn, S.D. Zobell, L.V. Furtado, C.L. Baker, and W.S. Samowitz Frequency of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutations in colorectal cancer Genes Chromosomes Cancer 50 2011 307 312
2. D.T. Patil, B.L. Shadrach, L.A. Rybicki, B.H. Leach, and R.K. Pai Proximal colon cancers and the serrated pathway: a systematic analysis of precursor histology and BRAF mutation status Mod Pathol 25 2012 1423 1431
3. E. Domingo, P. Laiho, and M. Ollikainen et al. BRAF screening as a low-cost effective strategy for simplifying HNPCC genetic testing J Med Genet 41 2004 664 668
4. S. Popat, R. Hubner, and R.S. Houlston Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis J Clin Oncol 23 2005 609 618
5. R.K. Pai, P. Jayachandran, and A.C. Koong et al. BRAF-mutated, microsatellite-stable adenocarcinoma of the proximal colon: an aggressive adenocarcinoma with poor survival, mucinous differentiation, and adverse morphologic features Am J Surg Pathol 36 2012 744 752
6. C.W. Toon, A. Chou, and K. Desilva et al. BRAFV600E immunohistochemistry in conjunction with mismatch repair status predicts survival in patients with colorectal cancer Mod Pathol 27 2014 644 650
7. R.W. Werling, H. Yaziji, C.E. Bacchi, and A.M. Gown CDX2, a highly sensitive and specific marker of adenocarcinomas of intestinal origin: an immunohistochemical survey of 476 primary and metastatic carcinomas Am J Surg Pathol 27 2003 303 310
8. R. Moll, R. Zimbelmann, and M.D. Goldschmidt et al. The human gene encoding cytokeratin 20 and its expression during fetal development and in gastrointestinal carcinomas Differentiation 53 1993 75 93
9. J.H. Kim, Y.Y. Rhee, J.M. Bae, N.Y. Cho, and G.H. Kang Loss of CDX2/CK20 expression is associated with poorly differentiated carcinoma, the CpG island methylator phenotype, and adverse prognosis in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer Am J Surg Pathol 37 2013 1532 1541
10. A. Lugli, A. Tzankov, I. Zlobec, and L.M. Terracciano Differential diagnostic and functional role of the multi-marker phenotype CDX2/CK20/CK7 in colorectal cancer stratified by mismatch repair status Mod Pathol 21 2008 1403 1412
11. D.K. McGregor, T.T. Wu, A. Rashid, R. Luthra, and S.R. Hamilton Reduced expression of cytokeratin 20 in colorectal carcinomas with high levels of microsatellite instability Am J Surg Pathol 28 2004 712 718
12. I. Zlobec, M. Bihl, A. Foerster, A. Rufle, and A. Lugli Comprehensive analysis of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high, -low, and -negative colorectal cancers based on protein marker expression and molecular features J Pathol 225 2011 336 343
13. S. Gurzu, and I. Jung Aberrant pattern of the cytokeratin 7/cytokeratin 20 immunophenotype in colorectal adenocarcinomas with BRAF mutations Pathol Res Pract 208 2012 163 166
14. S. Gurzu, Z. Szentirmay, E. Toth, T. Bara, T. Bara Jr., and I. Jung Serrated pathway adenocarcinomas: molecular and immunohistochemical insights into their recognition PLoS One 8 2013 e57699
15. S. Kakar, G. Deng, and V. Sahai et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics, CpG island methylator phenotype, and BRAF mutations in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancers without chromosomal instability Arch Pathol Lab Med 132 2008 958 964
16. W.S. Samowitz, C. Sweeney, and J. Herrick et al. Poor survival associated with the BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite-stable colon cancers Cancer Res 65 2005 6063 6069
17. D.T. Chang, R.K. Pai, and L.A. Rybicki et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular features of sporadic early-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma: an adenocarcinoma with frequent signet ring cell differentiation, rectal and sigmoid involvement, and adverse morphologic features Mod Pathol 25 2012 1128 1139
18. L.M. Wang, D. Kevans, and H. Mulcahy et al. Tumor budding is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker in T3N0 colorectal cancer Am J Surg Pathol 33 2009 134 141
19. J. Young, L.A. Simms, and K.G. Biden et al. Features of colorectal cancers with high-level microsatellite instability occurring in familial and sporadic settings: parallel pathways of tumorigenesis Am J Pathol 159 2001 2107 2116
20. D.M. Graham, and H.D. Appelman Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and colorectal carcinoma: a potential histologic prognosticator Mod Pathol 3 1990 332 335
21. F. Bianchi, E. Galizia, and R. Catalani et al. CAT25 is a mononucleotide marker to identify HNPCC patients J Mol Diagn 11 2009 248 252
22. S.A. Yousem, M. Nikiforova, and Y. Nikiforov The histopathology of BRAF-V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma Am J Surg Pathol 32 2008 1317 1321
23. K. Salari, M.E. Spulak, and J. Cuff et al. CDX2 is an amplified lineage-survival oncogene in colorectal cancer Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 2012 E3196 E3205
24. C. Greenman, P. Stephens, and R. Smith et al. Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes Nature 446 2007 153 158
25. M.D. Walsh, M. Clendenning, and E. Williamson et al. Expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6 mucins in colorectal cancers and their association with the CpG island methylator phenotype Mod Pathol 26 2013 1642 1656
26. Y. Baba, K. Nosho, and K. Shima et al. Relationship of CDX2 loss with molecular features and prognosis in colorectal cancer Clin Cancer Res 15 2009 4665 4673
27. A.I. Kende, N.J. Carr, and L.H. Sobin Expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract Histopathology 42 2003 137 140
28. P. Chu, E. Wu, and L.M. Weiss Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases Mod Pathol 13 2000 962 972
29. J.H. Lagendijk, H. Mullink, P.J. Van Diest, G.A. Meijer, and C.J. Meijer Tracing the origin of adenocarcinomas with unknown primary using immunohistochemistry: differential diagnosis between colonic and ovarian carcinomas as primary sites Hum Pathol 29 1998 491 497
30. R. Vang, A.M. Gown, and T.S. Barry et al. Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in primary and secondary mucinous tumors of the ovary: analysis of coordinate immunohistochemical expression profiles and staining distribution in 179 cases Am J Surg Pathol 30 2006 1130 1139
31. L. Harbaum, M.J. Pollheimer, and P. Kornprat et al. Keratin 7 expression in colorectal cancer - freak of nature or significant finding? Histopathology 59 2011 225 234
32. M. Preusser, A.S. Berghoff, and D. Capper et al. No evidence for BRAF-V600E mutations in gastroeosophageal tumors: results from a high-throughput analysis of 534 cases using a mutation-specific antibody Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 21 2013 426 430
33. H. Immervoll, D. Hoem, K. Kugarajh, S.J. Steine, and A. Molven Molecular analysis of the EGFR-RAS-RAF pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: lack of mutations in the BRAF and EGFR genes Virchows Arch 448 2006 788 796
34. S. Robertson, O. Hyder, and R. Dodson et al. The frequency of KRAS and BRAF mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and their correlation with clinical outcome Hum Pathol 44 2013 2768 2773