Oral hygiene is an important factor for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Acta Clinica Croatica

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 72-78

  Par, Matej ^a   Badovinac, Ana ^b   Plančak, Darije ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Cross infection; Intensive care units; Oral hygiene; Pneumonia, ventilator associated

Indexed keywords

CHLORHEXIDINE;

ARTICLE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MOUTH HYGIENE; TOOTHBRUSH; VENTILATED PATIENT; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; INTENSIVE CARE; REVIEW;

CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE; ORAL HYGIENE; PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED;

EID: 84904556920     PISSN: 03539466     EISSN: 13339451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Binkley C, Furr L, Carrico R, McCurren C. Survey of oral care practices in US intensive care units. Am J Infect Control 2004;32(3):161-9.
2. Munro CL, Grap MJ. Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science. Am J Crit Care 2004;13:25-34.
3. Cutler CJ, Davis N. Improving oral care in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 2005;14:389-94.
4. O'Reilly M. Oral care of the critically ill: a review of the literature and guidelines for practice. Austral Crit Care 2003;16(3):101-10.
5. Berry AM, Davidson PM, Masters J, Rolls K. Systematic literature review of oral hygiene practices for intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 2007;16:552-62.
6. Berry AM, Davidson PM. Beyond comfort: oral hygiene as a critical nursing activity in the intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2006;22:318-28.
7. Craven DE, Duncan RA. Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Crit Care Med 2006;173:1297-9.
8. Kerr V. Bacteraemia. Br Dent J 2000;188:355-6.
9. Carmona IT, Diz Dios P, Scully C. An update on the controversies in bacterial endocarditis of oral origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:660-70.
10. Scannapieco FA, Papandonatos GD, Dunford RG. Associations between oral conditions and respiratory disease in a national sample survey population. Ann Periodontol 1998;3:251-6.
11. Kinane DF, Marshall GJ. Periodontal manifestations of systemic disease. Aust Dent J 2001;46(1):2-12.
12. Pejčić A, Kesić L, Pesić Z, Mirković D, Stojanović M. White blood cell count in different stages of chronic periodontitis. Acta Clin Croat 2011;50(2):159-67.
13. Halm MA, Armola R. Effect of oral care on bacterial colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Crit Care 2009;18:275-8.
14. Sona CS, Zack JE, Schallom ME, McSweeney M, McMullenK, Thomas J, et al. The impact of a simple, low-cost oral care protocol on ventilator-associated pneumonia rates in a surgical intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med 2009;24(1):54-62.
15. Heck K. Decreasing ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a sustainable comprehensive quality improvement program. Am J Infect Control 2012;40(9):877-9.
16. Garcia R, Jendresky L, Colbert L, Bailey A, Zaman M, Majumder M. Reducing ventilatorassociated pneumonia through advanced oral-dental care: a 48-month study. Am J Crit Care 2009;18(6):523-32.
17. Lambert ML, Palomar M, Agodi A, Hiesmayr M, Lepape A, Ingenbleek A, et al. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units: an international online survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013;2:9.
18. Chastre J, Fagon J. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2002;165:867-903.
19. Paju S, Scannapieco FA. Oral biofilms, periodontitis, and pulmonary infections. Oral Dis 2007;13:508-12.
20. Jones DJ, Munro CL, Grap MJ. Natural history of dental plaque accumulation in mechanically ventilated adults: a descriptive correlational study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2011;27(6):299-304.
21. Scannapieco FA, Stewart EM, Mylotte JM. Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in medical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 1992;20:740-5.
22. Munro CL, Grap MJ, Jones DJ, McClish DK, Sessler CN. Chlorhexidine, toothbrushing and preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adults. Am J Crit Care 2009;18:428-37.
23. L evine SA, Niederman MS. The impact of tracheal intubation on host defenses and risks for nosocomial pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1991;12:523-43.
24. Stonecypher K. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: the importance of oral care in intubated adults. Crit Care Nurs Q 2010;33(4):339-47.
25. International Agency on Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide. World Health Organization, 1999. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol71/mono71.pdf. Accessed Jan 17 2012.
26. Carl W, Daly C, Andreana S, Ciancio SG, Cohen RE, Nisengard RJ. Clinical evaluation of the effect of a hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, toothette-plus swab containing sodium bicarbonate, and a water-based mouth moisturizer on oral health in medically compromised patients. Periodont Insights 1999;3:1-5.
27. Bowsher J, Boyle S, Griffiths J. A clinical effectiveness systematic review of oral care. Nurs Stand 1999;13(37):31.
28. Anaissie EJ, Penzak SR, Dignani MC. The hospital water supply as a source of nosocomial infections: a plea for action. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(13):1483-92.
29. Mathur S, Mathur T, Shrivastava R, Khatri R. Chlorhexidine: the gold standard in chemical plaque control. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2011;1(2):45-50.
30. Grap MJ, Munro CL, Unoki T, Hamilton VA, Ward KR. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: the potential critical role of emergency medicine in prevention. J Emerg Med 2012;42(3):353-62.
31. Roberts N, Moule P. Chlorhexidine and tooth-brushing as prevention strategies in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates. NursCrit Care 2011;16(6):295-302.
32. Cabov T, Macan D, Husedžinović I, ŠkrlinŠubić J, Bošnjak D, Šestan-Crnek S, et al. The impact of oral health and 0.2% chlorhexidine oral gel on the prevalence of nosocomial infections in surgical intensive-care patients: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010;122(13-14):397-404.
33. Özçaka Ö, Başoǧlu OK, Buduneli N, Taşbakan MS, Bacakoǧlu F, Kinane DF. Chlorhexidine decreases the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2012;47(5):584-92.
34. Jácomo AD, Carmona F, Matsuno AK, Manso PH, Carlotti AP. Effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011;32(6):591-6.
35. Scannapieco FA, Yu J, Raghavendran K, Va-canti A, Owens SI, Wood K, et al. A randomized trial of chlorhexidine gluconate on oral bacterial pathogens in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care 2009;13(4):R117.
36. Feider LL, Mitchell P, Bridges E. Oral care practices for orally intubated critically ill adults. Am J Crit Care 2010;19(2):175-83.
37. Tablan O, Anderson L, Besser R, et al. Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003. MM WR Recomm Rep 2004;53(RR-3):1-40.
38. American Association of Critical Care Nurses [Internet]. Aliso Viejo: American Association of Critical Care Nurses; c2013 [cited 2013 Apr 15]. Oral care for patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia; [pdf, 3 pages]. Available from: http://www.aacn.org/WD/Practice/Docs/PracticeAlerts/oral%20care%2004-2010%20final.pdf.
39. Zanatta FB, Antoniazzi RP, Rösing CK. The effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate rinsing on previously plaque-free and plaque-covered surfaces: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2007;78(11):2127-34.
40. Berry AM, Davidson PM, Masters J, Rolls K, Ollerton R. Effects of three approaches to standardized oral hygiene to reduce bacterial colonization and ventilator associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised control trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2011;48(6):681-8.
41. Abele-Horn M, Dauber A, Bauernfeind A, et al. Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD). Intensive Care Med 1997;23:187-95.
42. Miller M, Kearney N. Oral care for patients with cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer Nurs 2001;24(4):241-54.
43. Abidia RF. Oral care in the intensive care unit: a review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(1):76-82.
44. Danser M, Gomez S, Van der Weijden G. Tongue coating and tongue brushing: a literature review. Int J Dent Hyg 2003;1(3):151-8.
45. Prendergast V, Jakobsson U, Renvert S, Hallberg IR. Effects of a standard versus comprehensive oral care protocol among intubated neuroscience ICU patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosci Nurs 2012;44(3):134-46.
46. Prendergast V, Hallberg IR, Jakobsson U, Renvert S, Mora n A, Gonzalez O. Comparison of oropharyngeal and respiratory nosocomial bacteria between two methods of oral care: a randomized control trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Nurs 2012;1:1-14.
47. De Walt EM. Effect of timed hygienic measures on oral mucosa in a group of elderly subjects. Nurs Res 1975;24:104-8.
48. Kite K, Pearson L. A rationale for mouth care: the integration of theory with practice. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 1995;11(2):71-6.
49. Choo A, Delac DM, Brearly Messer L. Oral hygiene measures and promotion: review and considerations. Aust Dent J 2001;46(3):166-73.
50. Jones DJ, Munro CL. Oral care and the risk of bloodstream infection in mechanically ventilated adults: a review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2008;24(3):152-61.
51. Rogers DE. Host mechanisms which act to remove bacteria from the blood stream. Bacteriol Rev 1960;24(1):50-66.
52. Jones DJ, Munro CL, Grap MJ, Kitten T, Edmond M. Oral care and bacteremia risk in mechanically ventilated adults. Heart Lung 2010;39(6 Suppl):S57-65.
53. Nancy JA. Evidence to support tooth brushing in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 2011;20(3):242-50.
54. Berry AM, Davidson PM, Nicholson L, Pa squalotto C, Rolls K. Consensus based clinical guideline for oral hygiene in the critically ill. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2011;27(4):180-5.
55. Ross A, Crumpler J. The impact of an evidence based practice education program on the role of oral care in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2007;23:132-6.
56. Hutchins K, Karras G, Erwin J, Sullivan KL. A comprehensive oral care program reduces rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients. Am J Intensive Care 2008;36(5):81-2.
57. Kearns R, Brewer A, Booth M. Oral hygiene practices in Scottish intensive care units - a national survey. JICS 2009;10(2):155-8.
58. Hutchins K, Karras G, Erwin J, Sullivan KL. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and oral care: a successful quality improvement project. Am J Infect Control 2009;37(7):590-7.
59. Beraldo CC, Andrade DD. Oral hygiene with chlorhexidine in preventing pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol 2008;34(9):707-14.
60. Alhazzani W, Smith O, Muscedere J, Medd J, Cook D. Toothbrushing for critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2013;41(2):646-55.