Effect of oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in children undergoing cardiac surgery

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 591-596

  Jácomo, Andréa D N ^a   Carmona, Fabio ^a   Matsuno, Alessandra K ^a   Manso, Paulo H ^a   Carlotti, Ana P C P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; PLACEBO; VASOACTIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HEART SURGERY; HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MOUTH HYGIENE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHLORHEXIDINE; CROSS INFECTION; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC; LENGTH OF STAY; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MOUTHWASHES; ORAL HYGIENE; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 79957959737     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/660018     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Grisaru-Soen G, Paret G, Yahav D, Boyko V, Lerner-Geva L. Nosocomial infections in pediatric cardiovascular surgery patients: a 4-year survey. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009;10:202-206.
2. Pollock E, Ford-Jones LE, Rebeyka I, et al. Early nosocomial infections in pediatric cardiovascular surgery patients. Crit Care Med 1990;18:378-383.
3. Levy I, Ovadia B, Erez E, et al. Nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery in infants and children: incidence and risk factors. J Hosp Infect 2003;53:111-116.
4. Abramczyk ML, Carvalho WB, Carvalho ES, Medeiros EAS. Nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit in a developing country. Braz J Infect Dis 2003;7:375-380.
5. Srinivasan R, Asselin J, Gildengorin G, Wiener-Kronish J, Flori HR. A prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia in children. Pediatrics 2009;123:1108-1115.
6. Bigham MT, Amato R, Bondurrant P, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the pediatric intensive care unit: characterizing the problem and implementing a sustainable solution. J Pediatr 2009;154:582-587.
7. Stockwell JA. Nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit: affecting the impact on safety and outcome. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007;8(suppl):S21-S37.
8. Safdar N, Crnich CJ, Maki DG. The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: its relevance to developing effective strategies for prevention. Respir Care 2005;50:725-739.
9. De Riso AJ, Ladowski JS, Dillon TA, Justice JW, Peterson AC. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery. Chest 1996;109:1556-1561.
10. Houston S, Hougland P, Anderson JJ, LaRocco M, Kennedy V, Gent LO. Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am J Crit Care 2002;11:567-570.
11. Segers P, Speekenbrink RGH, Ubbink DT, van Ogtrop ML, de Mol BA. Prevention of nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery by decontamination of the nasopharynx and oropharynx with chlorhexidine gluconate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;296:2460-2466.
12. Matsuno AK, Carlotti APCP, Mussi-Pinhata MM. Nosocomial infection surveillance in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007;8:A75-A76.
13. Urbaniak GC, Plous S. Research Randomizer. http://www.randomizer.org/.
14. Marx CM, Smith PG, Lowrie LH, et al. Optimal sedation of mechanically ventilated pediatric critical care patients. Crit Care Med 1994;22:163-170.
15. Langley JM, Bradley JS. Defining pneumonia in critically ill infants and children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;6(suppl):S9-S13.
16. Schindler MB, Cox PN. A simple method of bronchoalveolar lavage. Anaesth Intens Care 1994;22:66-68.
17. Leteurtre S, Martinot A, Duhamel A, et al. Validation of the paediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score: prospective, observational, multicentre study. Lancet 2003;362:192-197.
18. Jenkins KJ. Risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery: the RACHS-1 method. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2004;7:180-184.
19. Pollack MM, Ruttimann UE, Getson PR. Pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score. Crit Care Med 1988;16:1110-1116.
20. Sreenivasan PK, Gittins E. Effects of low dose chlorhexidine mouthrinses on oral bacteria and salivary microflora including those producing hydrogen sulfide. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004; 19:309-313.
21. Emilson CG. Susceptibility of various microorganisms to chlor-hexidine. Scand J Dent Res 1977;85:255-265.
22. Foglia E, Meier MD, Elward A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit patients. Clin Mi-crobiol Rev 2007;20:409-425.
23. Block C, Furman M. Association between intensity of chlor-hexidine use and microorganisms of reduced susceptibility in a hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 2002;51:201-206.
24. Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Bellissimo-Rodrigues WT, Viana JM, et al. Effectiveness of oral rinse with chlorhexidine in preventing nosocomial respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;30:952-958.
25. Fourrier F, Dubois D, Pronnier P, et al. Effect of gingival and dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on nosocomial infections acquired in the intensive care unit: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2005;33:1728-1735.
26. Panchabhai TS, Dangayach NS, Krishnan A, Kothari VM, Kar-nad DR. Oropharyngeal cleansing with 0.2% chlorhexidine for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients: an open-label randomized trial with 0.01% potassium permanganate as control. Chest 2009;135:1150-1156.
27. Koeman M, van de Ven AJAM, Hak E, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173: 1348-1355.