메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 323-333

Empathy in narcissistic personality disorder: From clinical and empirical perspectives

Author keywords

cognitive empathy; emotional empathy; grandiose; narcissistic personality disorder; vulnerable

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CASE REPORT; CLASSIFICATION; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84904380624     PISSN: 19492715     EISSN: 19492723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/per0000061     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (120)
  • 1
    • 0022585533 scopus 로고
    • Psychotherapy of the narcissistic personality disorder patient: Two contrasting approaches
    • Adler, G. (1986). Psychotherapy of the narcissistic personality disorder patient: Two contrasting approaches. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 430-436.
    • (1986) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 430-436
    • Adler, G.1
  • 2
    • 11944252041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage
    • doi:10.1038/nature03086
    • Adolphs, R., Gosselin, F., Buchanan, T. W., Tranel, D., Schyns, P., & Damasio, A. R. (2005). A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage. Nature, 433, 68-72. doi:10.1038/nature03086
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 68-72
    • Adolphs, R.1    Gosselin, F.2    Buchanan, T.W.3    Tranel, D.4    Schyns, P.5    Damasio, A.R.6
  • 3
    • 0024449998 scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic personality disorder: Descriptive features and differential diagnosis
    • Akhtar, S. (1989). Narcissistic personality disorder: Descriptive features and differential diagnosis. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 505-530.
    • (1989) Psychiatric Clinics of North America , vol.12 , pp. 505-530
    • Akhtar, S.1
  • 5
    • 4243100732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "I can do it (all) myself" Clinical Technique with defensive narcissistic self-sufficiency
    • doi:10.1037/0736-9735.21.3.371
    • Almond, R. (2004). "I can do it (all) myself". Clinical Technique with defensive narcissistic self-sufficiency. Psychoanalytic Psychology 21, 371-384. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.21.3.371
    • (2004) Psychoanalytic Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 371-384
    • Almond, R.1
  • 6
    • 84870471779 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association 3rd edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 7
    • 84870465485 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 8
    • 4444343503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mind-reading and metacognition: Narcissism, not actual competence, predicts self-estimated ability
    • doi:10.1023/B:JONB .0000039649.20015.0e
    • Ames, D. R., Kammrath, L. K. (2004). Mind-reading and metacognition: Narcissism, not actual competence, predicts self-estimated ability. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 187-209. doi:10.1023/B:JONB .0000039649.20015.0e
    • (2004) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 187-209
    • Ames, D.R.1    Kammrath, L.K.2
  • 10
    • 21744446437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.7.799
    • Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Grodd, W., & Flor, H. (2005). Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 799-805. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.7.799
    • (2005) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 799-805
    • Birbaumer, N.1    Veit, R.2    Lotze, M.3    Erb, M.4    Hermann, C.5    Grodd, W.6    Flor, H.7
  • 11
    • 0142088996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality disorders, psychopathy and other mental disorders: Co-morbidity among patients at English and Scottish high-security hospitals
    • doi:10.1080/1478994031000077925
    • Blackburn, R., Logan, C., Donnelly, J., Renwick, S. (2003). Personality disorders, psychopathy and other mental disorders: Co-morbidity among patients at English and Scottish high-security hospitals. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry Psychology, 14, 111-137. doi:10.1080/1478994031000077925
    • (2003) Journal of Forensic Psychiatry Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 111-137
    • Blackburn, R.1    Logan, C.2    Donnelly, J.3    Renwick, S.4
  • 12
    • 28544451325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responding to the emotions of others: Dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populations
    • doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.004
    • Blair, R. J. R. (2005). Responding to the emotions of others: Dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populations. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 698-718. doi:10.1016/j.concog .2005.06.004
    • (2005) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.14 , pp. 698-718
    • Blair, R.J.R.1
  • 15
    • 84876523794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired cognitive empathy in criminal psychopathy: Evidence from a laboratory measure of empathic accuracy
    • doi:10.1037/a0030261
    • Brook, M., Kosson, D. S. (2013). Impaired cognitive empathy in criminal psychopathy: Evidence from a laboratory measure of empathic accuracy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 156-166. doi:10.1037/a0030261
    • (2013) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.122 , pp. 156-166
    • Brook, M.1    Kosson, D.S.2
  • 16
    • 0034088861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PET investigation of the attribution of intentions with a nonverbal task
    • doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0525
    • Brunet, E., Sarfati, Y., Hardy-Baylé, M. C., Decety, J. (2000). A PET investigation of the attribution of intentions with a nonverbal task. NeuroImage, 11, 157-166. doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0525
    • (2000) NeuroImage , vol.11 , pp. 157-166
    • Brunet, E.1    Sarfati, Y.2    Hardy-Baylé, M.C.3    Decety, J.4
  • 18
    • 7544238356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3
    • doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1105
    • Carlson, S.M., Mandell, D. J., Williams, L. (2004). Executive function and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology 40, 1105-1122. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1105
    • (2004) Developmental Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 1105-1122
    • Carlson, S.M.1    Mandell, D.J.2    Williams, L.3
  • 19
    • 0035408431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in inhibitory control and childrens theory of mind
    • doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00333
    • Carlson, S. M., Moses, L. J. (2001). Individual differences in inhibitory control and childrens theory of mind. Child Development, 72, 1032-1053. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00333
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 1032-1053
    • Carlson, S.M.1    Moses, L.J.2
  • 20
    • 0037866204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further developments of the diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder
    • E. Ronningstam (Ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • Cooper, A. M. (1998). Further developments of the diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. In E. Ronningstam (Ed.), Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical, and empirical implications (pp. 53-74). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
    • (1998) Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Empirical Implications , pp. 53-74
    • Cooper, A.M.1
  • 21
    • 85043740534 scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
    • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 113-126
    • Davis, M.H.1
  • 22
    • 0028502368 scopus 로고
    • The heritability of characteristics associated with dispositional empathy
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00302.x
    • Davis, M. H., Luce, C., Kraus, S. J. (1994). The heritability of characteristics associated with dispositional empathy. Journal of Personality, 62, 369-391. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00302.x
    • (1994) Journal of Personality , vol.62 , pp. 369-391
    • Davis, M.H.1    Luce, C.2    Kraus, S.J.3
  • 23
    • 11844281417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional architecture of human empathy
    • doi:10.1177/1534582304267187
    • Decety, J., Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3, 71-100. doi:10.1177/1534582304267187
    • (2004) Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 71-100
    • Decety, J.1    Jackson, P.L.2
  • 24
    • 38349140436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions
    • doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-22
    • Decety, J., Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for intervention across different clinical conditions. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1, 22. doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-22
    • (2007) BioPsychoSocial Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 22
    • Decety, J.1    Moriguchi, Y.2
  • 25
    • 82755182978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy
    • doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.003
    • Decety, J., Svetlova, M. (2012). Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy. Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2(1), 1-24. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.003
    • (2012) Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-24
    • Decety, J.1    Svetlova, M.2
  • 26
    • 0038649761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism
    • doi:10.1521/pedi.17.3.188.22146
    • Dickinson, K. A., Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 188-207. doi:10.1521/pedi.17.3.188.22146
    • (2003) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 188-207
    • Dickinson, K.A.1    Pincus, A.L.2
  • 27
    • 10744220066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotional dysregulation
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00636-X
    • Donegan, N. H., Sanislow, C. A., Blumberg, H. P., Fulbright, R. K., Lacadie, C., Skudlarski, P., Wexler, B. E. (2003). Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotional dysregulation. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1284-1293. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00636-X
    • (2003) Biological Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 1284-1293
    • Donegan, N.H.1    Sanislow, C.A.2    Blumberg, H.P.3    Fulbright, R.K.4    Lacadie, C.5    Skudlarski, P.6    Wexler, B.E.7
  • 28
    • 80955177654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal correlates of altered empathy and social cognition in borderline personality disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.005
    • Dziobek, I., Preibler, S., Grozdanovic, Z., Heuser, I., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2011). Neuronal correlates of altered empathy and social cognition in borderline personality disorder. NeuroImage, 57, 539-548. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.005
    • (2011) NeuroImage , vol.57 , pp. 539-548
    • Dziobek, I.1    Preibler, S.2    Grozdanovic, Z.3    Heuser, I.4    Heekeren, H.R.5    Roepke, S.6
  • 29
    • 70649112375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathic responding: Sympathy and personal distress
    • J. Decety W. Ickes (Eds.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Eisenberg, N., Eggum, N. D. (2009). Empathic responding: Sympathy and personal distress. In J. Decety W. Ickes (Eds.), The social neuroscience of empathy (pp. 71-83). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (2009) The Social Neuroscience of Empathy , pp. 71-83
    • Eisenberg, N.1    Eggum, N.D.2
  • 30
    • 80054989872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: An exploratory fMRI study
    • doi:10.1017/S003329171000228X
    • Fan, Y., Wonneberger, C., Enzi, B., de Greck, M., Ulrich, C., Tempelmann, C., Northoff, G. (2011). The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: An exploratory fMRI study. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1641-1650. doi:10.1017/S003329171000228X
    • (2011) Psychological Medicine , vol.41 , pp. 1641-1650
    • Fan, Y.1    Wonneberger, C.2    Enzi, B.3    De Greck, M.4    Ulrich, C.5    Tempelmann, C.6    Northoff, G.7
  • 31
    • 70449659506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced "reading the Mind in the Eyes" in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls
    • doi:10.1017/S003329170900600X
    • Fertuck, E. A., Jekal, A., Song, I., Wyman, B., Morris, M. C., Wilson, S. T., Stanley, B. (2009). Enhanced "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1979-1988. doi:10.1017/S003329170900600X
    • (2009) Psychological Medicine , vol.39 , pp. 1979-1988
    • Fertuck, E.A.1    Jekal, A.2    Song, I.3    Wyman, B.4    Morris, M.C.5    Wilson, S.T.6    Stanley, B.7
  • 33
    • 73949098667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder
    • doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990198
    • Fonagy, P., Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1355-1381. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990198
    • (2009) Development and Psychopathology , vol.21 , pp. 1355-1381
    • Fonagy, P.1    Luyten, P.2
  • 34
    • 84985154224 scopus 로고
    • The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security and attachment
    • doi:10.1002/1097-0355(199123)12: 3-201::AID-IMHJ2280120307-3.0.CO;2-7
    • Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G., Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security and attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 12, 201-218. doi:10.1002/1097-0355(199123)12: 3-201::AID- IMHJ2280120307-3.0.CO;2-7
    • (1991) Infant Mental Health Journal , vol.12 , pp. 201-218
    • Fonagy, P.1    Steele, M.2    Steele, H.3    Moran, G.4    Higgitt, A.C.5
  • 35
    • 0035924581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mind blindness and the brain in autism
    • doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00552-9
    • Frith, U. (2001). Mind blindness and the brain in autism. Neuron, 32, 969-979. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00552-9
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.32 , pp. 969-979
    • Frith, U.1
  • 36
    • 0022777474 scopus 로고
    • On the several facets of personality assessment: The case of social acuity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00411.x
    • Funder, D. C., Harris, M. D. (1986). On the several facets of personality assessment: The case of social acuity. Journal of Personality, 54, 528-550. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00411.x
    • (1986) Journal of Personality , vol.54 , pp. 528-550
    • Funder, D.C.1    Harris, M.D.2
  • 37
    • 0026674682 scopus 로고
    • Problems in the psychoanalysis of certain narcissistic disorders
    • Glasser, M. (1992). Problems in the psychoanalysis of certain narcissistic disorders. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 73, 493-503.
    • (1992) The International Journal of Psychoanalysis , vol.73 , pp. 493-503
    • Glasser, M.1
  • 38
    • 0000403708 scopus 로고
    • Proneness to shame and the narcissistic personality
    • doi:10.1177/0146167292183014
    • Gramzow, R., Tangney, J. P. (1992). Proneness to shame and the narcissistic personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 1992, 369-376. doi:10.1177/0146167292183014
    • (1992) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.18 , Issue.1992 , pp. 369-376
    • Gramzow, R.1    Tangney, J.P.2
  • 40
    • 84886377908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of reflective function in adolescents with and without borderline traits
    • doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.09.008
    • Ha, C., Sharp, C., Ensink, K., Fonagy, P., Cirino, P. (2013). The measurement of reflective function in adolescents with and without borderline traits. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 1215-1223. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013. 09.008
    • (2013) Journal of Adolescence , vol.36 , pp. 1215-1223
    • Ha, C.1    Sharp, C.2    Ensink, K.3    Fonagy, P.4    Cirino, P.5
  • 41
    • 73449109456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation between cognitive and affective empathy in borderline personality disorder
    • doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.002
    • Harari, H., Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Ravid, M., Levkovitz, Y. (2010). Double dissociation between cognitive and affective empathy in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 175, 277-279. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.002
    • (2010) Psychiatry Research , vol.175 , pp. 277-279
    • Harari, H.1    Shamay-Tsoory, S.G.2    Ravid, M.3    Levkovitz, Y.4
  • 43
    • 0026716464 scopus 로고
    • Psychotherapy in borderline and narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1192/bjp.161.1.23
    • Higgitt, A., Fonagy, P. (1992). Psychotherapy in borderline and narcissistic personality disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 23-43. doi:10.1192/bjp.161.1.23
    • (1992) The British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 23-43
    • Higgitt, A.1    Fonagy, P.2
  • 44
    • 0017013076 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic responses to modeled distress in prison psychopaths
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.34.4.556
    • House, T. H., Milligan, W. L. (1976). Autonomic responses to modeled distress in prison psychopaths. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 556-560. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.34.4.556
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 556-560
    • House, T.H.1    Milligan, W.L.2
  • 45
    • 0032392269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function in preschoolers: Links with theory of mind and verbal ability
    • doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1998.tb00921.x
    • Hughes, C. (1998). Executive function in preschoolers: Links with theory of mind and verbal ability. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16, 233-253. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1998.tb00921.x
    • (1998) British Journal of Developmental Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 233-253
    • Hughes, C.1
  • 46
    • 0028847133 scopus 로고
    • Interactional obstacles to empathic relating in the psychotherapy of narcissistic disorders
    • Ivey, G. (1995). Interactional obstacles to empathic relating in the psychotherapy of narcissistic disorders. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 49, 350-370.
    • (1995) American Journal of Psychotherapy , vol.49 , pp. 350-370
    • Ivey, G.1
  • 47
    • 0035062984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological characteristics of narcissism during active and passive coping
    • doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3820292
    • Kelsey, R. M., Ornduff, S. R., McCann, C. M., Reiff, S. (2001). Psychophysiological characteristics of narcissism during active and passive coping. Psychophysiology, 38, 292-303. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3820292
    • (2001) Psychophysiology , vol.38 , pp. 292-303
    • Kelsey, R.M.1    Ornduff, S.R.2    McCann, C.M.3    Reiff, S.4
  • 48
    • 84871121802 scopus 로고
    • September Paper presented at Grand Rounds, Cornell University Medical Center, Westchester Division, Cornell University, New York
    • Kernberg, O. F. (1983, September). Clinical aspects of narcissism. Paper presented at Grand Rounds, Cornell University Medical Center, Westchester Division, Cornell University, New York.
    • (1983) Clinical Aspects of Narcissism
    • Kernberg, O.F.1
  • 50
    • 84904400182 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder
    • August Stockholm, Sweden
    • Kernberg, O. F. (1985, August). Clinical diagnosis and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder. Paper presented at Swedish Association for Mental Health. Stockholm, Sweden.
    • (1985) Swedish Association for Mental Health
    • Kernberg, O.F.1
  • 52
    • 34347369375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The almost untreatable narcissistic patient
    • doi:10.1177/00030651070550020701
    • Kernberg, O. F. (2007). The almost untreatable narcissistic patient. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 55, 503-539. doi:10.1177/00030651070550020701
    • (2007) Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association , vol.55 , pp. 503-539
    • Kernberg, O.F.1
  • 53
    • 0035500236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limbic abnormalities in affective processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01222-7
    • Kiehl, K. A., Smith, A. M., Hare, R. D., Mendrek, A., Forster, B. B., Brink, J., Liddle, P. F. (2001). Limbic abnormalities in affective processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 677-684. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01222-7
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 677-684
    • Kiehl, K.A.1    Smith, A.M.2    Hare, R.D.3    Mendrek, A.4    Forster, B.B.5    Brink, J.6    Liddle, P.F.7
  • 56
    • 0015470864 scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage
    • Kohut, H. (1972). Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27, 360-400.
    • (1972) The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child , vol.27 , pp. 360-400
    • Kohut, H.1
  • 58
    • 57749187414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning the developing brain to social signals of emotions
    • doi:10.1038/nrn2554
    • Leppänen, J. M., Nelson, C. A. (2009). Tuning the developing brain to social signals of emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 37-47. doi:10.1038/nrn2554
    • (2009) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 37-47
    • Leppänen, J.M.1    Nelson, C.A.2
  • 59
    • 0030940774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion processing in borderline personality disorders
    • doi:10.1097/00005053-199704000-00004
    • Levine, D., Marziali, E., Hood, J. (1997). Emotion processing in borderline personality disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 240-246. doi:10.1097/00005053-199704000-00004
    • (1997) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.185 , pp. 240-246
    • Levine, D.1    Marziali, E.2    Hood, J.3
  • 60
    • 33845506657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heightened sensitivity to facial expressions of emotion in borderline personality disorder
    • doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.647
    • Lynch, T. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Kosson, D. S., Cheavens, J. S., Lejuez, C. W., Blair, R. J. (2006). Heightened sensitivity to facial expressions of emotion in borderline personality disorder. Emotion, 6, 647-655. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.647
    • (2006) Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 647-655
    • Lynch, T.R.1    Rosenthal, M.Z.2    Kosson, D.S.3    Cheavens, J.S.4    Lejuez, C.W.5    Blair, R.J.6
  • 62
    • 84868124404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbed emotion recognition in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.042
    • Marissen, M. A. E., Deen, M. L., Franken, I. H. A. (2012). Disturbed emotion recognition in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 198, 269-273. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.042
    • (2012) Psychiatry Research , vol.198 , pp. 269-273
    • Marissen, M.A.E.1    Deen, M.L.2    Franken, I.H.A.3
  • 63
    • 0036835699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal mind-mindedness and attachment security as predictors of theory of mind understanding
    • doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00501
    • Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Wainwright, R., Das Gupta, M., Fradley, E., & Tuckey, M. (2002). Maternal mind-mindedness and attachment security as predictors of theory of mind understanding. Child Development, 73, 1715-1726. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00501
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1715-1726
    • Meins, E.1    Fernyhough, C.2    Wainwright, R.3    Das Gupta, M.4    Fradley, E.5    Tuckey, M.6
  • 64
    • 84886048667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment theory and narcissistic personality disorder
    • W. K. Campbell J.D. Miller (Eds.) New York, NY: Wiley
    • Meyer, B., Pilkonis, P. A. (2011). Attachment theory and narcissistic personality disorder. In W. K. Campbell J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (pp. 434-444). New York, NY: Wiley.
    • (2011) The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder , pp. 434-444
    • Meyer, B.1    Pilkonis, P.A.2
  • 65
    • 0043156188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies
    • doi:10.1023/A:1024515519160
    • Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 77-102. doi:10.1023/A:1024515519160
    • (2003) Motivation and Emotion , vol.27 , pp. 77-102
    • Mikulincer, M.1    Shaver, P.R.2    Pereg, D.3
  • 66
    • 77956288473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing Factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x
    • Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing Factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 1529-1564. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x
    • (2010) Journal of Personality , vol.78 , pp. 1529-1564
    • Miller, J.D.1    Dir, A.2    Gentile, B.3    Wilson, L.4    Pryor, L.R.5    Campbell, W.K.6
  • 67
    • 80052277330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x
    • Miller, J. D. Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Campbell, W. K. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of Personality, 79, 1013-1042. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 6494.2010.00711.x
    • (2011) Journal of Personality , vol.79 , pp. 1013-1042
    • Miller, J.D.1    Hoffman, B.J.2    Gaughan, E.T.3    Gentile, B.4    Maples, J.5    Campbell, W.K.6
  • 68
    • 38849135482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity in right temporo-parietal junction is not selective for theory-of-mind
    • doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm051
    • Mitchell, J. P. (2008). Activity in right temporo-parietal junction is not selective for theory-of-mind. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 262-271. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm051
    • (2008) Cerebral Cortex , vol.18 , pp. 262-271
    • Mitchell, J.P.1
  • 69
    • 0038784877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in emotion processing within cortical and subcortical regions in criminal psychopaths: Evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using pictures with emotional content
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01749-3
    • Muller, J. L., Sommer, M., Wagner, V., Lange, K., Taschler, H., Röder, C. H., Hajak, G. (2003). Abnormalities in emotion processing within cortical and subcortical regions in criminal psychopaths: Evidence from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using pictures with emotional content. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 152-162. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01749-3
    • (2003) Biological Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 152-162
    • Muller, J.L.1    Sommer, M.2    Wagner, V.3    Lange, K.4    Taschler, H.5    Röder, C.H.6    Hajak, G.7
  • 70
    • 43249083083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathy, empathy, and perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful psychopathy concept
    • doi:10.1080/14999013.2006.10471238
    • Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T., Leistico, A.-M. R. (2006). Psychopathy, empathy, and perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful psychopathy concept. The International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5, 133-149. doi:10.1080/14999013.2006.10471238
    • (2006) The International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , vol.5 , pp. 133-149
    • Mullins-Nelson, J.L.1    Salekin, R.T.2    Leistico, A.-M.R.3
  • 71
    • 15244351495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality factors in professional ethical behaviour: Studies of empathy and narcissism
    • doi:10.1080/00049530412331283453
    • Munro, D., Bore, M., Powis, D. (2005). Personality factors in professional ethical behaviour: Studies of empathy and narcissism. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57, 49 -60. doi:10.1080/00049530412331283453
    • (2005) Australian Journal of Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 49-60
    • Munro, D.1    Bore, M.2    Powis, D.3
  • 72
    • 66749119826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring variability in state empathy
    • T. Farroe P. Woodruff (Eds.) New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511543753.012
    • Nezlek, J. B., Schutz, A., Lopes, P., Smith, C. V. (2007). Naturally occurring variability in state empathy. In T. Farroe P. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness (pp. 187-200). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511543753.012
    • (2007) Empathy in Mental Illness , pp. 187-200
    • Nezlek, J.B.1    Schutz, A.2    Lopes, P.3    Smith, C.V.4
  • 73
    • 0012310535 scopus 로고
    • Brief treatment of narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1521/pedi.1988.2.1.88
    • Oldham, J. (1988). Brief treatment of narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 88-90. doi:10.1521/pedi.1988.2.1.88
    • (1988) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.2 , pp. 88-90
    • Oldham, J.1
  • 74
    • 30344480481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and childhood recollections: A quantitative test of psychoanalytic predictions
    • doi:10.1177/0146167205279907
    • Otway, L. J., Vignoles, V. L. (2006). Narcissism and childhood recollections: A quantitative test of psychoanalytic predictions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 104 -116. doi:10.1177/0146167205279907
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 104-116
    • Otway, L.J.1    Vignoles, V.L.2
  • 75
    • 79952055674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process and narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders
    • Pincus, A. L. (2011). Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process and narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment, 2, 41-53.
    • (2011) Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment , vol.2 , pp. 41-53
    • Pincus, A.L.1
  • 76
    • 77952929260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
    • Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
    • (2010) Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 421-446
    • Pincus, A.L.1    Lukowitsky, M.R.2
  • 79
    • 84886028246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms in a dialectical behavior therapy framework
    • W. K. Campbell J. D. Miller (Eds.) New York, NY: Wiley, doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch42
    • Reed-Knight, B., Fischer, S. (2011). Treatment of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms in a dialectical behavior therapy framework. In W. K. Campbell J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (pp. 466-475). New York, NY: Wiley. doi:10.1002/ 9781118093108.ch42
    • (2011) The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder , pp. 466-475
    • Reed-Knight, B.1    Fischer, S.2
  • 80
    • 0037248788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of mind and psychopathy: Can psychopathic individuals read the "language of the eyes?"
    • doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00175-6
    • Richell, R. A., Mitchell, D. G., Newman, C., Leonard, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Blair, R. J. (2003). Theory of mind and psychopathy: Can psychopathic individuals read the "language of the eyes?" Neuropsychologia, 41, 523-526. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00175-6
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 523-526
    • Richell, R.A.1    Mitchell, D.G.2    Newman, C.3    Leonard, A.4    Baron-Cohen, S.5    Blair, R.J.6
  • 81
    • 84873382675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of empathy in borderline personality disorder
    • doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0344-1
    • Ripoll, L. H., Snyder, R., Steele, H., Siever, L. J. (2013). The neurobiology of empathy in borderline personality disorder. Current psychiatry reports, 15, 344. doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0344-1
    • (2013) Current Psychiatry Reports , vol.15 , pp. 344
    • Ripoll, L.H.1    Snyder, R.2    Steele, H.3    Siever, L.J.4
  • 82
    • 79953125298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013
    • Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preissler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187, 241-247. doi:10.1016/j.psychres. 2010.09.013
    • (2011) Psychiatry Research , vol.187 , pp. 241-247
    • Ritter, K.1    Dziobek, I.2    Preissler, S.3    Rüter, A.4    Vater, A.5    Fydrich, T.6    Roepke, S.7
  • 84
    • 77549083437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V
    • doi:10.3928/00485713-20090301-09
    • Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 111-121. doi:10.3928/00485713-20090301-09
    • (2009) Psychiatric Annals , vol.39 , pp. 111-121
    • Ronningstam, E.1
  • 85
    • 0024217412 scopus 로고
    • Narcissistic traits in psychiatric patients
    • doi:10.1016/0010-440X(88)90073-9
    • Ronningstam, E., Gunderson, J. (1988). Narcissistic traits in psychiatric patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 29, 545-549. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(88) 90073-9
    • (1988) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 545-549
    • Ronningstam, E.1    Gunderson, J.2
  • 86
  • 87
    • 0025932211 scopus 로고
    • Differentiating borderline personality disorder from narcissistic personality disorder
    • doi:10.1521/pedi.1991.5.3.225
    • Ronningstam, E., Gunderson, J. (1991). Differentiating borderline personality disorder from narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 225-232. doi:10.1521/pedi.1991.5.3.225
    • (1991) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.5 , pp. 225-232
    • Ronningstam, E.1    Gunderson, J.2
  • 89
    • 55749083398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic criteria and subtypes
    • doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07030376
    • Russ, E., Shedler, J., Bradley, R., Westen, D. (2008). Refining the construct of narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic criteria and subtypes. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1473-1481. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07030376
    • (2008) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 1473-1481
    • Russ, E.1    Shedler, J.2    Bradley, R.3    Westen, D.4
  • 90
    • 0042925635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People thinking about people: The role of the temporoparietal junction in "theory of mind"
    • doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00230-1
    • Saxe, R., Kanwisher, N. (2003). People thinking about people: The role of the temporoparietal junction in "theory of mind". NeuroImage, 19, 1835-1842. doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00230-1
    • (2003) NeuroImage , vol.19 , pp. 1835-1842
    • Saxe, R.1    Kanwisher, N.2
  • 91
    • 33746822973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Its the thought that counts: Specific brain regions for one component of theory of mind
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01768.x
    • Saxe, R., Powell, L. (2006). Its the thought that counts: Specific brain regions for one component of theory of mind. Psychological Science, 17, 692-699. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01768.x
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 692-699
    • Saxe, R.1    Powell, L.2
  • 92
    • 33947517271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patients experience of validation in psychoanalytic treatment
    • doi:10.1177/00030651070550011601
    • Schechter, M. (2007). The patients experience of validation in psychoanalytic treatment. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 55, 105-130. doi:10.1177/00030651070550011601
    • (2007) Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , vol.55 , pp. 105-130
    • Schechter, M.1
  • 93
    • 84872587311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relating empathy and emotion regulation: Do deficits in empathy trigger emotion dysregulation?
    • doi:10.1080/17470919.2012.761650
    • Schipper, M., Petersmann, F. (2013). Relating empathy and emotion regulation: Do deficits in empathy trigger emotion dysregulation? Social Neuroscience, 8, 101-107. doi:10.1080/17470919.2012.761650
    • (2013) Social Neuroscience , vol.8 , pp. 101-107
    • Schipper, M.1    Petersmann, F.2
  • 94
    • 33744548106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.011
    • Schmahl, C., Bremner, J. D. (2006). Neuroimaging in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 419-427. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.011
    • (2006) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.40 , pp. 419-427
    • Schmahl, C.1    Bremner, J.D.2
  • 96
    • 33745123617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endangered by interpretations. Treatment by attitude of the narcissistically vulnerable patient
    • doi:10.1037/0736-9735.23.1.30
    • Shilkret, C. J. (2006). Endangered by interpretations. Treatment by attitude of the narcissistically vulnerable patient. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 23, 30-42. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.23.1.30
    • (2006) Psychoanalytic Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 30-42
    • Shilkret, C.J.1
  • 98
    • 1642602929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dismissing-avoidant pattern of attachment and mimicry reactions at different levels of information processing
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00385.x
    • Sonnby-Borgström, M., Jönsson, P. (2004). Dismissing-avoidant pattern of attachment and mimicry reactions at different levels of information processing. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45, 103-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00385.x
    • (2004) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 103-113
    • Sonnby-Borgström, M.1    Jönsson, P.2
  • 99
    • 84876679195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transference-focused psychotherapy for narcissistic personality
    • J. S. Ogrodniczuk (Ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, doi: 10.1037/14041-014
    • Stern, B. L., Yeomans, F., Diamond, D., Kernberg, O. F. (2013). Transference-focused psychotherapy for narcissistic personality. In J. S. Ogrodniczuk (Ed.), Understanding and treating pathological narcissism (pp. 235-252). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. doi: 10.1037/14041-014
    • (2013) Understanding and Treating Pathological Narcissism , pp. 235-252
    • Stern, B.L.1    Yeomans, F.2    Diamond, D.3    Kernberg, O.F.4
  • 100
    • 47749112820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
    • Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 1033-1045.
    • (2008) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 1033-1045
    • Stinson, F.S.1    Dawson, D.A.2    Goldstein, R.B.3    Chou, S.P.4    Huang, B.5    Smith, S.M.6    Grant, B.F.7
  • 101
    • 0348251528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal narcissism: An etiological and ethological perspective
    • E. Ronningstam (Ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • Stone, M. (1998). Normal narcissism: An etiological and ethological perspective. In E. Ronningstam (Ed.), Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical and empirical implications (pp. 7-28). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
    • (1998) Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical and Empirical Implications , pp. 7-28
    • Stone, M.1
  • 102
    • 78449293163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toddlers prosocial behavior: From instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01512.x
    • Svetlova, M., Nichols, S. R., Brownell, C. A. (2010). Toddlers prosocial behavior: From instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping. Child Development, 81, 1814-1827. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01512.x
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , pp. 1814-1827
    • Svetlova, M.1    Nichols, S.R.2    Brownell, C.A.3
  • 103
    • 51749123117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential endophenotypic markers of narcissistic and antisocial personality features: A psychophysiological investigation
    • doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.010
    • Sylvers, P., Brubaker, N., Alden, S. A., Brennan, P. A., Lilienfeld, S. O. (2008). Differential endophenotypic markers of narcissistic and antisocial personality features: A psychophysiological investigation. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1260-1270. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.010
    • (2008) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.42 , pp. 1260-1270
    • Sylvers, P.1    Brubaker, N.2    Alden, S.A.3    Brennan, P.A.4    Lilienfeld, S.O.5
  • 104
  • 105
    • 42549109623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-functioning and perceived parenting: Relations of parental empathy and love inconsistency with narcissism, depression, and selfesteem
    • doi:10.3200/GNTP.169.1.51-71
    • Trumpeter, N. N., Watson, P. J., OLeary, B. J., Weathington, B. L. (2008). Self-functioning and perceived parenting: Relations of parental empathy and love inconsistency with narcissism, depression, and selfesteem. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 169, 51-71. doi:10.3200/GNTP.169.1.51-71
    • (2008) The Journal of Genetic Psychology , vol.169 , pp. 51-71
    • Trumpeter, N.N.1    Watson, P.J.2    Oleary, B.J.3    Weathington, B.L.4
  • 106
    • 63149177548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathy through affective perspective taking and its relation to prosocial behavior in toddlers
    • doi:10.1037/a0014322
    • Vaish, A., Carpenter, M., Tomasello, M. (2009). Sympathy through affective perspective taking and its relation to prosocial behavior in toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 45, 534 -543. doi:10.1037/a0014322
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 534-543
    • Vaish, A.1    Carpenter, M.2    Tomasello, M.3
  • 107
    • 51449111666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual attachment style modulates human amygdala and striatum activation during social appraisal
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002868
    • Vrtic?ka, P., Andersson, F., Grandjean, D., Sander, D., Vuilleumier, P. (2008). Individual attachment style modulates human amygdala and striatum activation during social appraisal. PLoS ONE, 3, e2868. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002868
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Vrticka, P.1    Andersson, F.2    Grandjean, D.3    Sander, D.4    Vuilleumier, P.5
  • 108
    • 0033397010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial expression recognition ability among women with borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotion regulation?
    • doi:10.1521/pedi.1999.13.4.329
    • Wagner, A. W., Linehan, M. M. (1999). Facial expression recognition ability among women with borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotion regulation? Journal of Personality Disorders, 13, 329-344. doi:10.1521/pedi.1999.13.4.329
    • (1999) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.13 , pp. 329-344
    • Wagner, A.W.1    Linehan, M.M.2
  • 109
    • 84858153313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The affective cognitive empathic nature of the Dark Triad of personality
    • doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008
    • Wai, M., Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective cognitive empathic nature of the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 794-799. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.008
    • (2012) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.52 , pp. 794-799
    • Wai, M.1    Tiliopoulos, N.2
  • 110
    • 0021166194 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and empathy: Validity evidence for the narcissistic personality inventory
    • doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803-12
    • Watson, P. J., Grisham, S. O., Trotter, M. V., Biderman, M. D. (1984). Narcissism and empathy: Validity evidence for the narcissistic personality inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 301-305. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803-12
    • (1984) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.48 , pp. 301-305
    • Watson, P.J.1    Grisham, S.O.2    Trotter, M.V.3    Biderman, M.D.4
  • 111
  • 112
    • 0027103209 scopus 로고
    • Measures of the narcissistic personality: Complexity of relationships with self-esteem and empathy
    • doi:10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.434
    • Watson, P. J., Little, T., Sawrie, S. M., Biderman, M. D. (1992). Measures of the narcissistic personality: Complexity of relationships with self-esteem and empathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 434-449. doi:10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.434
    • (1992) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.6 , pp. 434-449
    • Watson, P.J.1    Little, T.2    Sawrie, S.M.3    Biderman, M.D.4
  • 113
    • 0000352022 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism, empathy and social desirability
    • doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90253-8
    • Watson, P. J., Morris, R. J. (1991). Narcissism, empathy and social desirability. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 575-579. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90253-8
    • (1991) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.12 , pp. 575-579
    • Watson, P.J.1    Morris, R.J.2
  • 114
    • 84925913313 scopus 로고
    • An empirical classification of female offenders
    • doi:10.1177/009385487800500103
    • Widom, C. S. (1978). An empirical classification of female offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 5, 35-52. doi:10.1177/009385487800500103
    • (1978) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.5 , pp. 35-52
    • Widom, C.S.1
  • 115
    • 0037408155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy and narcissism in a sample of child abuse perpetrators and a comparison sample of foster parents
    • doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00034-6
    • Wiehe, V. R. (2003). Empathy and narcissism in a sample of child abuse perpetrators and a comparison sample of foster parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 541-555. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00034-6
    • (2003) Child Abuse and Neglect , vol.27 , pp. 541-555
    • Wiehe, V.R.1
  • 116
    • 0041850441 scopus 로고
    • The role of interpretation in therapeutic change
    • A. Goldberg (Ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press
    • Wolf, E. S. (1993). The role of interpretation in therapeutic change. In A. Goldberg (Ed.), Progress in self psychology (pp. 15-30) Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
    • (1993) Progress in Self Psychology , pp. 15-30
    • Wolf, E.S.1
  • 117
    • 0005782183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schema-focused therapy for narcissistic patients
    • E. Ronningstam (Ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • Young, J. E., Flanagan, C. (1998). Schema-focused therapy for narcissistic patients. In E. Ronningstam (Ed.), Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical and empirical implications (pp. 239-268). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
    • (1998) Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical and Empirical Implications , pp. 239-268
    • Young, J.E.1    Flanagan, C.2
  • 118
    • 0033192814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relations between temperament and empathy in 2-year-olds
    • doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.5.1189
    • Young, S. K., Fox, N. A., Zahn-Waxler, C. (1999). The relations between temperament and empathy in 2-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1189. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.5.1189
    • (1999) Developmental Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 1189
    • Young, S.K.1    Fox, N.A.2    Zahn-Waxler, C.3
  • 120
    • 0842325233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function across the life span
    • doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.005
    • Zelazo, P. D., Craik, F. I., Booth, L. (2004). Executive function across the life span. Acta Psychologica, 115, 167-183. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy .2003.12.005
    • (2004) Acta Psychologica , vol.115 , pp. 167-183
    • Zelazo, P.D.1    Craik, F.I.2    Booth, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.