Highly efficient inverted polymer solar cells based on a cross-linkable water-/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymer interlayer

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 6, Issue 13, 2014, Pages 10429-10435

  Zhang, Kai ^a   Zhong, Chengmei ^a   Liu, Shengjian ^a   Mu, Cheng ^b   Li, Zhengke ^b   Yan, He ^b   Huang, Fei ^a   Cao, Yong ^a  

^a SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

cathode interlayer; hybrid interlayer; interfacial doping; inverted polymer solar cells; water alcohol soluble

Indexed keywords

CARBOXYLATION; CATHODES; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE;

CATHODE INTERLAYERS; CROSS-LINKABLE; ELECTRON EXTRACTION; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; HYBRID INTERLAYER; INVERTED POLYMER SOLAR CELLS; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; WORKING MECHANISMS;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84904104016     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/am501920z     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A. J. Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions Science 1995, 270, 1789-1791
2. Li, G.; Zhu, R.; Yang, Y. Polymer Solar Cells Nat. Photonics. 2012, 6, 153-161
3. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Su, S.; Xu, M.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Enhanced Power-Conversion Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells Using an Inverted Device Structure Nat. Photonics. 2012, 6, 591-595
4. Gupta, V.; Kyaw, A.; Wang, D.; Chand, S.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J. Barium: An Efficient Cathode Layer for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1965
5. 71BM Adv. Mater. 2014, 10.1002/adma.201400411
6. You, J.; Dou, L.; Yoshimura, K.; Kato, T.; Ohya, K.; Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Chen, C.; Gao, J.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. A Polymer Tandem Solar Cell with 10.6% Power Conversion Efficiency Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1446
7. Liu, Y.; Chen, C.; Hong, Z.; Gao, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhou, H.; Dou, L.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells: Breaking the 10% Power Conversion Efficiency Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3356
8. Chen, L.-M.; Hong, Z.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Recent Progress in Polymer Solar Cells: Manipulation of Polymer:Fullerene Morphology and the Formation of Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1434-1449
9. Hau, S. K.; Yip, H.-L.; Jen, A. K.-Y. A Review on the Development of the Inverted Polymer Solar Cell Architecture Polym. Rev. 2010, 50, 474-510
10. Jørgensen, M.; Norrman, K.; Gevorgyan, S. A.; Tromholt, T.; Andreasen, B.; Krebs, F. C. Stability of Polymer Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 580-612
11. Liu, S.; Zhang, K.; Lu, J.; Zhang, J.; Yip, H.-L.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells via the Incorporation of an Amino-Functionalized Conjugated Metallopolymer as a Cathode Interlayer J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15326-15329
12. Steim, R.; Kogler, F. R.; Brabec, C. J. Interface Materials for Organic Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 2499-2512
13. Yip, H.-L.; Jen, A. K.-Y. Recent Advances in Solution-Processed Interfacial Materials for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5994-6011
14. White, M. S.; Olson, D. C.; Shaheen, S. E.; Kopidakis, N.; Ginley, D. S. Inverted Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Device Using a Solution-Derived ZnO Underlayer Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 143517
15. Sun, Y.; Seo, J. H.; Takacs, C. J.; Seifter, J.; Heeger, A. J. Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Integrated with a Low-Temperature-Annealed Sol-Gel-Drived ZnO Film as an Electron Transport Layer Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1679-1683
16. Li, G.; Chu, C.-W.; Shrotriya, V.; Huang, J.; Yang, Y. Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 253503
17. 3 Interlayer Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 173303
18. Waldauf, C.; Morana, M.; Denk, P.; Schilinsky, P.; Coakley, K.; Choulis, S. A.; Brabec, C. J. Highly Efficient Inverted Organic Photovoltaics Using Solution Based Titanium Oxide as Electron Selective Contact Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 233517
19. Tan, Z.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Z.; Qian, D.; Huang, Y.; Hou, J.; Li, Y. High-Performance Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Solution-Processed Titanium Chelate as Electron-Collecting Layer on ITO electrode Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 1476-1481
20. Na, S.-I.; Kim, T.-S.; Oh, S.-H.; Kim, J.; Kim, S.-S.; Kim, D.-Y. Enhanced Performance of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Cathode Interfacial Tuning via Water-Soluble Polyfluorenes Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 223305
21. Zilberberg, K.; Behrendt, A.; Kraft, M.; Scherf, U.; Riedl, T. Ultrathin Interlayers of a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Low Work-Function Cathodes in Efficient Inverted Organic Solar Cells Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 951-957
22. Huang, F.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Water/Alcohol Soluble Conjugated Polymers as Highly Efficient Electron Transporting/Injection Layer in Optoelectronic Devices Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 2500-2521
23. Duan, C.; Zhang, K.; Zhong, C.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Recent Advances in Water/Alcohol-Soluble π-Conjugated Materials: New Materials and Growing Applications in Solar Cells Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 9071-9104
24. Zhou, Y.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Shim, J.; Meyer, J.; Giordano, A. J.; Li, H.; Winget, P.; Papadopoulos, T.; Cheum, H.; Kim, J.; Fenoll, M.; Dindar, A.; Haske, W.; Najafabadi, E.; Khan, T. M.; Sojoudi, H.; Barlow, S.; Graham, S.; Brédas, J.-L.; Marder, S. R.; Kahn, A.; Kippelen, B. A Universal Method to Produce Low-Work Function Electrodes for Organic Electronics Science 2012, 336, 327-332
25. He, Z.; Zhong, C.; Huang, X.; Wong, W.-Y.; Wu, H.; Chen, L.; Su, S.; Cao, Y. Simultaneous Enhancement of Open-Circuit Voltage, Short-Circuit Current Density, and Fill Factor in Polymer Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4636-4643
26. Oh, S.-H.; Na, S.-I.; Jo, J.; Lim, B.; Vak, D.; Kim, D.-Y. Water-Soluble Polyfluorenes as an Interfacial Layer Leading to Cathode-Independent High Performance of Organic Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1977-1983
27. Shi, T.; Zhu, X.; Yang, D.; Xie, Y.; Zhang, J.; Tu, G. Thermal Annealing Influence on Poly(3-hexyl-thiophene)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-Based Solar Cells with Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as Cathode Interface Layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 161602
28. Chen, L.; Xie, C.; Chen, Y. Influences of Charge of Conjugated Polymer Electrolytes Cathode Interlayer for Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 1551-1561
29. Liu, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhang, J.; Duan, C.; Wang, X.; Huang, F. A Novel Crosslinkable Electron Injection/Transporting Material for Solution Processed Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Sci. China Chem. 2011, 54, 1745-1749
30. Zhong, C.; Liu, S.; Huang, F.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. Highly Efficient Electron Injection from Indium Tin Oxide/Cross-Linkable Amino-Functionalized Polyfluorene Interface in Inverted Organic Light Emitting Devices Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 4870-4876
31. Adamovich, V. I.; Cordero, S. R.; Djurovich, P. I.; Tamayo, A.; Thompson, M. E.; DAndrade, B. W.; Forrest, S. R. New Charge-Carrier Blocking Materials for High Efficiency OLEDs Org. Electron. 2003, 4, 77-87
32. Li, N.; Lassiter, B. E.; Lunt, R. R.; Wei, G.; Forrest, S. R. Open Circuit Voltage Enhancement Due to Reduced Dark Current in Small Molecule Photovoltaic Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 023307
33. Kitamura, M.; Kuzumoto, Y.; Aomori, S.; Kamura, M.; Na, J. H.; Arakawa, Y. Threshold Voltage Control of Bottom-Contact n -Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Modified Drain/Source Electrodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 083310
34. Boudinet, D.; Benwadih, M.; Altazin, S.; Verilhac, J.-M.; Vito, E. D.; Serbutoviez, C.; Horowitz, G.; Facchetti, A. Influence of Substrate Surface Chemistry on the Performance of Top-Gate Organic Thin-Film Transistors J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 9968-9971
35. Duan, C.; Cai, W.; Hsu, B. B. Y.; Zhong, C.; Zhang, K.; Liu, C.; Hu, Z.; Huang, F.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J.; Cao, Y. Toward Green Solvent Processable Photovoltaic Materials for Polymer Solar Cells: the Role of Highly Polar Pendant Groups in Charge Carrier Transport and Photovoltaic Behavior Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 3022-3034
36. Wei, P.; Menke, T.; Naab, B. D.; Leo, K.; Riede, M.; Bao, Z. 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H -benzoimidazol-3-ium Iodide as a New Air-Stable n-Type Dopant for Vacuum-Processed Organic Semiconductor Thin Films J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 3999-4002
37. Li, C.-Z.; Chueh, C.-C.; Yip, H.-L.; Ding, F.; Li, X.; Jen, A. K.-Y. Solution-Processible Highly Conducting Fullerenes Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2457-2461
38. Cho, N.; Li, C.-Z.; Yip, H.-L.; Jen, A. K.-Y. In situ Doping and Crosslinking of Fullerenes to Form Efficient and Robust Electron-Transporting Layers for Polymer Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 638-643
39. Zhong, S.; Wang, R.; Mao, H.; He, Z.; Wu, H.; Chen, W.; Cao, Y. Interface Investigation of the Alcohol-/Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymer PFN as Cathode Interfacial Layer in Organic Solar Cells J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 114, 113709
40. Walzer, K.; Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, M.; Leo, K. Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1233-1271
41. Dong, Y.; Hu, X.; Duan, C.; Liu, P.; Liu, S.; Lan, L.; Chen, D.; Ying, L.; Su, S.; Gong, X.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. A Series of New Medium-Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Based on Naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole) for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3683-3688
42. Chang, Y.-M.; Leu, C.-Y. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Zinc Oxide Stacked Structure as an Interlayer in Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaic Cells J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 6446-6451
43. Yang, T.; Cai, W.; Qin, D.; Wang, E.; Lan, L.; Gong, X.; Peng, J.; Cao, Y. Solution-Processed Zinc Oxide Thin Film as a Buffer Layer for Polymer Solar Cells with an Inverted Device Structure J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 6849-6853