Legacy effects of fire size and severity on forest regeneration, recruitment, and wildlife activity in aspen forests

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 329, Issue , 2014, Pages 59-68

  Wan, Ho Yi ^a   Olson, Adam C ^a   Muncey, Kyle D ^a   St Clair, Samuel B ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aspen; Deer; Disturbance; Elk; Populous tremuloides

Indexed keywords

ANIMALS; CLIMATE CHANGE; FLUORINE COMPOUNDS; LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS; LEGACY SYSTEMS; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; REFORESTATION;

ASPEN; DEER; DISTURBANCE; EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT; FOREST COVER CHANGE; FOREST REGENERATION; POPULOUS TREMULOIDES; TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALE;

FIRES;

FECES; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FOREST COVER; FOREST MANAGEMENT; REGENERATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; WILDFIRE;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; FIRES; POPULUS; REFORESTATION;

UNITED STATES; UTAH;

EID: 84903839449     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Abrams M.D. Fire and the development of oak forests. BioScience 1992, 42:346-353.
2. Archibald S., Bond W.J., Stock W.D., Fairbanks D.H.K. Shaping the landscape: fire-grazer interactions in an African savanna. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:96-109.
3. Bailey J.K., Whitham T.G. Interactions among fire, aspen, and elk affect insect diversity: reversal of a community response. Ecology 2002, 83:1701-1712.
4. Baker W.L. Longterm response of disturbance landscapes to human intervention and global change. Landscape Ecol. 1995, 10:143-159.
5. Baker D., Hobbs N. Composition and quality of elk summer diets in Colorado. J. Wildlife Manage. 1982, 46:694-703.
6. Baker W.L., Munroe J.A., Hessl A.E. The effects of elk on aspen in the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Ecography 1997, 20:155-165.
7. Biggs J.R., VanLeeuwen D.M., Holechek J.L., Valdez R. Multi-scale analyses of habitat use by elk following wildfire. Northwest Sci. 2010, 84:20-32.
8. Bowman D.M.J.S., Balch J., Artaxo P., Bond W.J., Cochrane M.A., D'Antonio C.M., DeFries R., Johnston F.H., Keeley J.E., Krawchuk M.A., Kull C.A., Mack M., Moritz M.A., Pyne S., Roos C.I., Scott A.C., Sodhi N.S., Swetnam T.W. The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth. J. Biogeogr. 2011, 38:2223-2236.
9. Buck, J.R., St. Clair, S.B., in press. Variability in forest composition, proximity to overstory trees and gradients of soil moisture underlie patterns of seedling emergence and survival. Plant Soil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2094-9.
10. Burnham K.P., Anderson D.R. Model Selection and Multi-model Inference: A Practical Information-theoretic Approach 2002, Springer.
11. Calder W.J., St.Clair S.B. Facilitation drives mortality patterns along succession gradients of aspen-conifer forests. Ecosphere 2012, 3:57.
12. Calder W.J., Horn K.J., St.Clair S.B. Conifer expansion compromises the competitive ability and herbivore defense of aspen by modifying light environment and soil chemistry. Tree Physiol. 2011, 31:582-591.
13. Canon S.K., Urness P.J., Debyle N.V. Habitat selection, foraging behavior, and dietary nutrition of elk in burned aspen forest. J. Range Manage. 1987, 40:433-438.
14. Cates R.G., Gordon H.O. Successional status and the palatability of plants to generalized herbivores. Ecology 1975, 56:410-418.
15. Cavard X., Bergeron Y., Chen H.Y.H., Paré D., Laganière J., Brassard B. Competition and facilitation between tree species change with stand development. Oikos 2011, 120:1683-1695.
16. Chappell C.B., Agee J.K. Fire severity and tree seedling establishment in Abies magnifica forests, southern Cascades. Oregon. Ecol. Appl. 1996, 6:628-640.
17. Collins W.B., Urness P.J. Habitat preferences of mule deer as rated by pellet-group distributions. J. Wildlife Manage. 1981, 45:969-972.
18. Collins W.B., Urness P.J. Feeding behavior and habitat selection of mule deer and elk on Northern Utah summer range. J. Wildlife Manage. 1983, 47:646-663.
19. Congalton R. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Rem. Sens. Environ. 1991, 37:35-46.
20. Connell S.D. Is there safety-in-numbers for prey?. Oikos 2000, 88:527-532.
21. Cook J.G. Nutrition and Food 2002, Smithsonian Institution Press.
22. CÔté S.D., Rooney T.P., Tremblay J.P., Dussault C., Waller D.M. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2004, 35:113-147.
23. Curtin, J., 2012. lmSupport: Support for Linear Models. R Package Version 1.07. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lmSupport.
24. Demarchi M.W., Bunnell F.L. Estimating forest canopy effects on summer thermal cover for Cervidae (deer family). Can. J. For. Res. 1993, 23:2419-2426.
25. Endress B.A., Wisdom M.J., Vavra M., Parks C.G., Dick B.L., Naylor B.J., Boyd J.M. Effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen, cottonwood, and willow development under forest fuels treatment regimes. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 276:33-40.
26. Folke C., Carpenter S., Walker B., Scheffer M., Elmqvist T., Gunderson L., Holling C.S. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2004, 35:557-581.
27. Fox J., Weisberg S. An {R} Companion to Applied Regression 2011, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, . second ed.
28. Fraser E., Landhausser S., Lieffers V. The effect of fire severity and salvage logging traffic on regeneration and early growth of aspen suckers in north-central Alberta. For. Chron. 2004, 80:251-256.
29. Frey B.R., Lieffers V.J., Landhäusser S.M., Comeau P.G., Greenway K.J. An analysis of sucker regeneration of trembling aspen. Can. J. For. Res. 2003, 33:1169-1179.
30. Guillet C., Bergstrom R., Cederlund G., Bergstrom J., Ballon P. Comparison of telemetry and pellet-group counts for determining habitat selectivity by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in winter. Gibier Faune Sauvage 1995, 12:253-269.
31. Heinselman M.L. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. Forest Succession 1981, 374-405. Springer, New York. D.C. West, H.H. Shugart, D.B. Botkin (Eds.).
32. Hessl A. Aspen, elk, and fire: the effects of human institutions on ecosystem processes. BioScience 2002, 52:1011-1022.
33. Hobbs N.T. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. J. Wildlife Manage. 1996, 60:695-713.
34. Johnstone J.F., Chapin F.S. Fire interval effects on successional trajectory in boreal forests of northwest Canada. Ecosystems 2006, 9:268-277.
35. Jones B.E., Lile D.F., Tate K.W. Cattle selection for aspen and meadow vegetation: implications for restoration. Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 2011, 64:625-632.
36. Karban R., Brody A.K., Schnathorst W.C. Crowding and a plant's ability to defend itself against herbivores and diseases. Am. Nat. 1989, 134:749.
37. Keyser T.L., Smith F.W., Shepperd W.D. Trembling aspen response to a mixed-severity wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:2679-2684.
38. Klinger R.C., Kutilek M.J., Shellhammer H.S. Population responses of black-tailed deer to prescribed burning. J. Wildlife Manage. 1989, 53:863-871.
39. Klop E., van Goethem J., de Iongh H.H. Resource selection by grazing herbivores on post-fire regrowth in a West African woodland savanna. Wildlife Res. 2007, 34:77-83.
40. Kulakowski D., Veblen T.T., Drinkwater S. The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Grand Mesa Area, Colorado. Ecol. Appl. 2004, 14:1603-1614.
41. Kutner M.H., Nachtsheim C.J., Neter J. Applied Linear Regression Models 2004, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. fourth ed.
42. Landhäusser S.M., Lieffers V.J. Growth of Populus tromuloides in association with Calamagrostis canadensis. Can. J. For. Res. 1998, 28:396-401.
43. Leopold B.D., Krausman P.R., Hervert J.J. Comment: the pellet group census technique as an indicator of relative habitat use. Wildlife Soc. Bull. 1984, 12:325-326.
44. Little, E.L., 1971. Atlas of United States Trees: Vol. 1. Conifers and Important Hardwoods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication (1146).
45. Liu Y., Stanturf J., Goodrick S. Trends in global wildfire potential in a changing climate. For. Ecol. Manage. 2010, 259:685-697.
46. Lutz J.A., van Wagtendonk J.W., Thode A.E., Miller J.D., Franklin J.F. Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2009, 18:765-774.
47. Mack M.C., D'Antonio C.M. Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1998, 13:195-198.
48. Miller T.E. Community diversity and interactions between the size and frequency of disturbance. Am. Nat. 1982, 120:533-536.
49. Miller J.D., Safford H.D., Crimmins M., Thode A.E. Quantitative evidence for increasing forest fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade Mountains, California and Nevada, USA. Ecosystems 2009, 12:16-32.
50. Neff D. Pellet-group count technique for big game trend census and distribution - a review. J. Wildlife Manage. 1968, 32:597.
51. Pallesen, J.D. 1979. Nutritive Value of Mule Deer and Elk Diets and Forages on Lodgepole Pine Summer Range in Utah. Department of Range Science, Utah State University.
52. Pastor J., Naiman R.J., Dewey B., McInnes P. Moose, microbes, and the boreal forest. BioScience 1988, 38:770-777.
53. Pearson S.M., Turner M.G., Wallace L.L., Romme W.H. Winter habitat use by large ungulates following fire in northern Yellowstone National Park. Ecol. Appl. 1995, 5:744-755.
54. Pierce B.M., Bowyer R.T., Bleich V.C. Habitat selection by mule deer: forage benefits or risk of predation?. J. Wildlife Manage. 2004, 68:533-541.
55. Pollard J.H. On distance estimators of density in randomly distributed forests. Biometrics 1971, 991-1002.
56. Preacher K.J., Curran P.J., Bauer D.J. Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent Curve analysis. J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 2006, 31:437-448.
57. R Core Team, 2012. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (ISBN 3-900051-07-0). http://www.R-project.org/.
58. Reich P., Bakken P., Carlson D., Frelich L., Friedman S., Grigal D. Influence of logging, fire, and forest type on biodiversity and productivity in southern boreal forests. Ecology 2001, 82:2731-2748.
59. Rogers P.C., Mittanck C.M. Herbivory strains resilience in drought-prone aspen landscapes of the western United States. J. Veg. Sci. 2013, 25:457-469.
60. Romme W.H. Fire and landscape diversity in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park. Ecol. Monogr. 1982, 52:199-221.
61. Rowland M., Alldredge A., Ellis J., Weber B., White G. Comparative winter diets of elk in New-Mexico. J. Wildlife Manage. 1983, 47:924-932.
62. Sankey T.T. Regional assessment of aspen change and spatial variability on decadal time scales. Rem. Sens. 2009, 1:896-914.
63. Seager S.T., Eisenberg C., St.Clair S.B. Patterns and consequences of ungulate herbivory on aspen in western North America. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 299:81-90.
64. Shenoy A., Kielland K., Johnstone J.F. Effects of fire severity on plant nutrient uptake reinforce alternate pathways of succession in boreal forests. Plant Ecol. 2013, 214:587-596.
65. Shepperd W.D. The effect of harvesting activities on soil compaction, root damage, and suckering in Colorado Aspen. West. J. Appl. For. 1993, 8:62-66.
66. Shinneman D.J., Baker W.L., Rogers P.C., Kulakowski D. Fire regimes of quaking aspen in the Mountain West. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 299:22-34.
67. Smith E.A., O'Loughlin D., Buck J.R., St.Clair S.B. The influences of conifer succession, physiographic conditions and herbivory on quaking aspen regeneration after fire. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 262:325-330.
68. Spiller D.A., Agrawal A.A. Intense disturbance enhances plant susceptibility to herbivory: natural and experimental evidence. Ecology 2003, 84:890-897.
69. St.Clair S.B., Cavard X., Bergeron Y. The role of facilitation and competition in the development and resilience of aspen forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2013, 299:91-99.
70. Stephens S.L. Forest fire causes and extent on United States Forest Service lands. Int. J. Wildland Fire 2005, 14:213-222.
71. Suzuki K., Suzuki H., Binkley D., Stohlgren T.J. Aspen regeneration in the Colorado Front Range: differences at local and landscape scales. Landscape Ecol. 1999, 14:231-237.
72. Tremblay J.P., Huot J., Potvin F. Divergent nonlinear responses of the boreal forest field layer along an experimental gradient of deer densities. Oecologia 2006, 150:78-88.
73. Tripler C., Canham C., Inouye R., Schnurr J. Soil nitrogen availability, plant luxury consumption, and herbivory by white-tailed deer. Oecologia 2002, 133:517-524.
74. Turner M.G., Romme W.H. Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems. Landscape Ecol. 1994, 9:59-77.
75. Turner M.G., Wu Y., Wallace L.L., Romme W.H., Brenkert A. Simulating winter interactions among ungulates, vegetation, and fire in Northern Yellowstone Park. Ecol. Appl. 1994, 4:472-496.
76. Turner M.G., Romme W.H., Gardner R.H., Hargrove W.W. Effects of fire size and pattern on early succession in Yellowstone National Park. Ecol. Monogr. 1997, 67:411-433.
77. Turner M.G., Baker W.L., Peterson C.J., Peet R.K. Factors influencing succession: lessons from large, infrequent natural disturbances. Ecosystems 1998, 1:511-523.
78. Turner M.G., Romme W.H., Reed R.A., Tuskan G.A. Post-fire aspen seedling recruitment across the Yellowstone (USA) Landscape. Landscape Ecol. 2003, 18:127-140.
79. Wallin D.O., Swanson F.J., Marks B. Landscape pattern response to changes in pattern generation rules: land-use legacies in forestry. Ecol. Appl. 1994, 4:569-580.
80. Wan, H.Y., Rhodes, A.C., St. Clair, S.B., in press. Fire severity alters plant regeneration patterns and defense against herbivores in mixed aspen forests. Oikos. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.01521.
81. Wan X., Landhäusser S.M., Lieffers V.J., Zwiazek J.J. Signals controlling root suckering and adventitious shoot formation in aspen (Populus tremuloides). Tree Physiol. 2006, 26:681-687.
82. Westerling A.L., Hidalgo H.G., Cayan D.R., Swetnam T.W. Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science 2006, 313:940-943.
83. White C.A., Olmsted C.E., Kay C.E. Aspen, elk, and fire in the Rocky Mountain National Parks of North America. Wildlife Soc. Bull. 1998, 26:449-462.
84. Wisdom M.J., Vavra M., Boyd J.M., Hemstrom M.A., Ager A.A., Johnson B.K. Understanding ungulate herbivory-episodic disturbance effects on vegetation dynamics: knowledge gaps and management needs. Wildlife Soc. Bull. 2006, 34:283-292.
85. Wolter P., Mladenoff D., Host G., Crow T. Improved forest classification in the Northern Lake-States using multitemporal Landsat imagery. Photogramm. Eng. Rem. Sens. 1995, 61:1129-1143.