메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 511-523

Factors influencing succession: Lessons from large, infrequent natural disturbances

Author keywords

Dispersal distance; Disturbance frequency; Disturbance intensity; Disturbance size; Landscape ecology; Patch size; Succession

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000195501     PISSN: 14329840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s100219900047     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (612)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0023519801 scopus 로고
    • Plant survival, growth form and regeneration following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • Adams AB, Dale VH, Smith EP, Kruckeberg AR. 1987. Plant survival, growth form and regeneration following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Northwest Sci 61:160-70.
    • (1987) Northwest Sci , vol.61 , pp. 160-170
    • Adams, A.B.1    Dale, V.H.2    Smith, E.P.3    Kruckeberg, A.R.4
  • 2
    • 0028572641 scopus 로고
    • Barriers to tropical lowland forest restoration in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia
    • Aide TM, Cavelier J. 1994. Barriers to tropical lowland forest restoration in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia. Restor Ecol 2:219-29.
    • (1994) Restor Ecol , vol.2 , pp. 219-229
    • Aide, T.M.1    Cavelier, J.2
  • 3
    • 0029502339 scopus 로고
    • Multiple stable states and models of riparian vegetation succession on the Animas River, Colorado
    • Baker WL, Walford GM. 1995. Multiple stable states and models of riparian vegetation succession on the Animas River, Colorado. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 85:320-38.
    • (1995) Ann Assoc Am Geogr , vol.85 , pp. 320-338
    • Baker, W.L.1    Walford, G.M.2
  • 4
    • 0030301363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of a typhoon on Japanese warm temperate rainforests
    • Bellingham PJ, Kohyama T, Aiba S-I. 1996. The effects of a typhoon on Japanese warm temperate rainforests. Ecol Res 11:229-47.
    • (1996) Ecol Res , vol.11 , pp. 229-247
    • Bellingham, P.J.1    Kohyama, T.2    Aiba, S.-I.3
  • 5
    • 84986739081 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the composition of Canadian southern boreal forest in different fire cycles
    • Bergeron Y, Dansereau P-R. 1993. Predicting the composition of Canadian southern boreal forest in different fire cycles. J Veg Sci 4:827-32.
    • (1993) J Veg Sci , vol.4 , pp. 827-832
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Dansereau, P.-R.2
  • 6
    • 0028178320 scopus 로고
    • Positive interactions in communities
    • Bertness M, Callaway R. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. TREE 9:191-3
    • (1994) TREE , vol.9 , pp. 191-193
    • Bertness, M.1    Callaway, R.2
  • 7
    • 0028163341 scopus 로고
    • Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes
    • Boose ER, Foster DR, Fluet M. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecol Monogr 64:369-400.
    • (1994) Ecol Monogr , vol.64 , pp. 369-400
    • Boose, E.R.1    Foster, D.R.2    Fluet, M.3
  • 8
    • 0027487663 scopus 로고
    • Influence of herbivorous mammals on an old-field plant community: Years 1-4 after disturbance
    • Bowers MA. 1993. Influence of herbivorous mammals on an old-field plant community: years 1-4 after disturbance. Oikos 67:129-41.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.67 , pp. 129-141
    • Bowers, M.A.1
  • 9
    • 0001837232 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls: Frequency, timing, and consequences
    • Leigh EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM, editors. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution
    • Brokaw NVL. 1982. Treefalls: frequency, timing, and consequences. In: Leigh EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM, editors. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution. p 101-8.
    • (1982) The Ecology of a Tropical Forest: Seasonal Rhythms and Long-term Changes , pp. 101-108
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1
  • 10
    • 0022223771 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests
    • Pickett STA, White PS, editors. New York: Academic
    • Brokaw NVL. 1985. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. In: Pickett STA, White PS, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. New York: Academic. p 53-69
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 53-69
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1
  • 11
    • 0023509361 scopus 로고
    • Gap-phase regeneration of three pioneer tree species in a tropical forest
    • Brokaw NVL. 1987. Gap-phase regeneration of three pioneer tree species in a tropical forest. J Ecol 75:9-19.
    • (1987) J Ecol , vol.75 , pp. 9-19
    • Brokaw, N.V.L.1
  • 12
    • 0021614195 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlement forests of Wisconsin
    • Canham CD, Loucks OL. 1984. Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlement forests of Wisconsin. Ecology 65:803-9.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 803-809
    • Canham, C.D.1    Loucks, O.L.2
  • 13
    • 0001668788 scopus 로고
    • Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems
    • Chesson PL, Warner R. 1981. Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems. Am Nat 117:923-43.
    • (1981) Am Nat , vol.117 , pp. 923-943
    • Chesson, P.L.1    Warner, R.2
  • 14
    • 0019699161 scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes in Southeastern ecosystems
    • Mooney HT, Bonnicksen TM, Christensen NL, Lotan JE, Reiners WA, editors. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service; General Technical Report WO-26
    • Christensen NL. 1981. Fire regimes in Southeastern ecosystems. In: Mooney HT, Bonnicksen TM, Christensen NL, Lotan JE, Reiners WA, editors. Fire regimes and ecosystem processes. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service; General Technical Report WO-26. p 112-36
    • (1981) Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Processes , pp. 112-136
    • Christensen, N.L.1
  • 15
    • 0021548872 scopus 로고
    • Convergence during secondary forest succession
    • Christensen NL, Peet RK. 1984. Convergence during secondary forest succession. J Ecol 72:25-36.
    • (1984) J Ecol , vol.72 , pp. 25-36
    • Christensen, N.L.1    Peet, R.K.2
  • 16
    • 0001861489 scopus 로고
    • The life history of lodgepole burn forests
    • Clements FE. 1910. The life history of lodgepole burn forests. USDA For Serv Bull 79.
    • (1910) USDA For Serv Bull , vol.79
    • Clements, F.E.1
  • 19
    • 0021029661 scopus 로고
    • On the evidence needed to judge ecological stability or persistence
    • Connell JH, Sousa WP. 1983. On the evidence needed to judge ecological stability or persistence. Am Nat 121:789-824.
    • (1983) Am Nat , vol.121 , pp. 789-824
    • Connell, J.H.1    Sousa, W.P.2
  • 20
    • 0002277610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and biological invasions: Direct effects and feedbacks
    • Walker L, editor. New York: Elsevier. Forthcoming
    • D'Antonio CM, Dudley TL, Mack MC. Disturbance and biological invasions: direct effects and feedbacks. In: Walker L, editor. Ecosystems of disturbed ground. New York: Elsevier. Forthcoming.
    • Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground
    • D'Antonio, C.M.1    Dudley, T.L.2    Mack, M.C.3
  • 21
    • 0027011403 scopus 로고
    • Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change
    • D'Antoni CM, Vitousek PM. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 23:63-87.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.23 , pp. 63-87
    • D'Antoni, C.M.1    Vitousek, P.M.2
  • 22
    • 0029777709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant succession, landscape management, and the ecology of frugivorous birds in abandoned Amazonian pastures
    • da Silva JM, Uhl C, Murray G. 1996. Plant succession, landscape management, and the ecology of frugivorous birds in abandoned Amazonian pastures. Conserv Biol 10:491-503.
    • (1996) Conserv Biol , vol.10 , pp. 491-503
    • Da Silva, J.M.1    Uhl, C.2    Murray, G.3
  • 23
    • 0026274219 scopus 로고
    • The debris avalanche at Mount St. Helens: Vegetation establishment in the ten years since the eruption
    • Dale VH. 1991. The debris avalanche at Mount St. Helens: vegetation establishment in the ten years since the eruption. Natl Geogr Res Explor 7:328-41.
    • (1991) Natl Geogr Res Explor , vol.7 , pp. 328-341
    • Dale, V.H.1
  • 24
    • 0027870928 scopus 로고
    • The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession
    • Davidson DW. 1993. The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession. Oikos 68:23-35
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 23-35
    • Davidson, D.W.1
  • 25
    • 0028586442 scopus 로고
    • Historical development of alternative communities in a hemlock-hardwood forest in northern Michigan, USA
    • Edwards PJ, May R, Webb NR, editors. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
    • Davis MB, Sugita S, Calcote RR, Ferrari JB, Frelich LE. 1994. Historical development of alternative communities in a hemlock-hardwood forest in northern Michigan, USA. In: Edwards PJ, May R, Webb NR, editors. Large-scale ecology and conservation biology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. p 19-39.
    • (1994) Large-scale Ecology and Conservation Biology , pp. 19-39
    • Davis, M.B.1    Sugita, S.2    Calcote, R.R.3    Ferrari, J.B.4    Frelich, L.E.5
  • 26
    • 0027843767 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of primary succession on volcanoes: A view from Mount St. Helens
    • Mile J, Wallon DWH, editors. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
    • del Moral R 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession on volcanoes: a view from Mount St. Helens. In: Mile J, Wallon DWH, editors. Primary succession on lands. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. p 79-100
    • (1994) Primary Succession on Lands , pp. 79-100
    • Del Moral, R.1
  • 27
    • 77956828379 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of primary succession: Insights resulting from the eruption of Mount St. Helens
    • del Moral R, Bliss LC. 1993. Mechanisms of primary succession: insights resulting from the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Adv Ecol Res 24:1-66.
    • (1993) Adv Ecol Res , vol.24 , pp. 1-66
    • Del Moral, R.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 28
    • 0028974176 scopus 로고
    • Early primary succession on Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA
    • del Moral R, Titus JH, Cook AM. 1995. Early primary succession on Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA. J Veg Sci 6:107-20.
    • (1995) J Veg Sci , vol.6 , pp. 107-120
    • Del Moral, R.1    Titus, J.H.2    Cook, A.M.3
  • 29
    • 0027487729 scopus 로고
    • Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens
    • del Moral R, Wood DM. 1993. Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens. J Veg Sci 4:223-34.
    • (1993) J Veg Sci , vol.4 , pp. 223-234
    • Del Moral, R.1    Wood, D.M.2
  • 30
    • 0023467656 scopus 로고
    • Tropical rain forest gaps and tree species diversity
    • Denslow JS. 1987. Tropical rain forest gaps and tree species diversity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18:431-51.
    • (1987) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.18 , pp. 431-451
    • Denslow, J.S.1
  • 31
    • 0030618628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind disturbance in remnant forest stands along the prairie-forest ecotone, Minnesota, USA
    • Dyer JM, Baird PR. 1997. Wind disturbance in remnant forest stands along the prairie-forest ecotone, Minnesota, USA. Plant Ecol 129:121-34.
    • (1997) Plant Ecol , vol.129 , pp. 121-134
    • Dyer, J.M.1    Baird, P.R.2
  • 32
    • 0028554773 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tropical cyclones Ofa and Val on the structure of a Samoan lowland rain forest
    • Elmqvist T, Rainey WE, Pierson ED, Cox PA. 1994. Effects of tropical cyclones Ofa and Val on the structure of a Samoan lowland rain forest. Biotropica 26:384-91.
    • (1994) Biotropica , vol.26 , pp. 384-391
    • Elmqvist, T.1    Rainey, W.E.2    Pierson, E.D.3    Cox, P.A.4
  • 33
    • 0002206261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding biotic recoveries: Extinction, survival and preservation during the End-Permian mass extinction
    • Jablonski D, Erwin DH, Lipps JH, editors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Erwin DH. 1997. Understanding biotic recoveries: extinction, survival and preservation during the End-Permian mass extinction. In: Jablonski D, Erwin DH, Lipps JH, editors. Evolutionary paleobiology Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p 398-418.
    • (1997) Evolutionary Paleobiology , pp. 398-418
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 34
    • 0031903958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end and the beginning: Recoveries from mass extinction
    • Erwin DH. 1998. The end and the beginning: recoveries from mass extinction. TREE 13:344-9.
    • (1998) TREE , vol.13 , pp. 344-349
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 35
    • 0000887642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large, infrequent forest disturbances
    • Foster DR, Knight DH, Franklin JF. 1998. Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large, infrequent forest disturbances. Ecosystems 1:497-510.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 497-510
    • Foster, D.R.1    Knight, D.H.2    Franklin, J.F.3
  • 37
    • 0027510874 scopus 로고
    • Patch formation and maintenance in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest
    • Frelich LE, Calcote RR, Davis MB, Pastor J. 1993. Patch formation and maintenance in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Ecology 74:513-27.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 513-527
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Calcote, R.R.2    Davis, M.B.3    Pastor, J.4
  • 38
    • 0028979975 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood effects, disturbance and succession in forests of the Western Great Lakes Region
    • Frelich LR, Reich PB. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance and succession in forests of the Western Great Lakes Region. Ecoscience 2:148-58
    • (1995) Ecoscience , vol.2 , pp. 148-158
    • Frelich, L.R.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 39
    • 0030618279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White spruce and balsam fir colonization of a site in the southeastern boreal forest as observed 68 years after fire
    • Galipeau C, Kneeshaw D, Bergeron Y. 1997. White spruce and balsam fir colonization of a site in the southeastern boreal forest as observed 68 years after fire. Can J For Res 27:139-47.
    • (1997) Can J For Res , vol.27 , pp. 139-147
    • Galipeau, C.1    Kneeshaw, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 40
    • 84971036301 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the opening of Banksia ornata F. Muell. follicles
    • Gill AM. 1976. Fire and the opening of Banksia ornata F. Muell. follicles. Aust J Bot 24:329-35.
    • (1976) Aust J Bot , vol.24 , pp. 329-335
    • Gill, A.M.1
  • 41
    • 0000957418 scopus 로고
    • The relation of forest distribution and prairie fires in the Middle West
    • Gleason HA. 1913. The relation of forest distribution and prairie fires in the Middle West. Torreya 13:173-81.
    • (1913) Torreya , vol.13 , pp. 173-181
    • Gleason, H.A.1
  • 42
    • 0025256432 scopus 로고
    • Allocation and the transient dynamics of succession on poor soils
    • Gleeson SK, Tilman D. 1990. Allocation and the transient dynamics of succession on poor soils. Ecology 77:1144-55.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1144-1155
    • Gleeson, S.K.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 43
    • 19644391354 scopus 로고
    • Epilogue
    • Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. New York: Chapman and Hall
    • Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT. 1992. Epilogue. In: Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. Plant succession. New York: Chapman and Hall. p 340-5.
    • (1992) Plant Succession , pp. 340-345
    • Glenn-Lewin, D.C.1    Peet, R.K.2    Veblen, T.T.3
  • 44
    • 0002885336 scopus 로고
    • Patterns and processes of vegetation dynamics
    • Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. New York: Chapman and Hall
    • Glenn-Lewin DC, van der Maarel E. 1992. Patterns and processes of vegetation dynamics. In: Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. Plant succession. New York: Chapman and Hall. p 11-59
    • (1992) Plant Succession , pp. 11-59
    • Glenn-Lewin, D.C.1    Van Der Maarel, E.2
  • 45
    • 0028994848 scopus 로고
    • The effects of fire regime and habitat on tree dynamics in North Florida longleaf pine savannas
    • Glitzenstein JS, Platt WJ, Streng DR. 1995. The effects of fire regime and habitat on tree dynamics in North Florida longleaf pine savannas. Ecol Monogr 65:441-76.
    • (1995) Ecol Monogr , vol.65 , pp. 441-476
    • Glitzenstein, J.S.1    Platt, W.J.2    Streng, D.R.3
  • 46
    • 0000514841 scopus 로고
    • Slash helps protect seedlings from deer browsing
    • Grisez TJ. 1960. Slash helps protect seedlings from deer browsing. J For 58:385-7.
    • (1960) J For , vol.58 , pp. 385-387
    • Grisez, T.J.1
  • 47
    • 84986777871 scopus 로고
    • Plant succession in areas of scorched and blown-down forest after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • Halpern CB, Frenzen PM, Means JE, Franklin JF. 1990. Plant succession in areas of scorched and blown-down forest after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. J Veg Sci 1:181-94.
    • (1990) J Veg Sci , vol.1 , pp. 181-194
    • Halpern, C.B.1    Frenzen, P.M.2    Means, J.E.3    Franklin, J.F.4
  • 48
    • 0029752770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic recovery from mass extinction events
    • Hart MB, editor.
    • Harries PJ, Kauffman EG, Hansen T. 1996. In: Hart MB, editor. Biotic recovery from mass extinction events. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 102:41-60.
    • (1996) Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ , vol.102 , pp. 41-60
    • Harries, P.J.1    Kauffman, E.G.2    Hansen, T.3
  • 49
    • 0030612864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Hurricane Iniki on native Hawaiian Acacia koa forests: Damage and two-year recovery
    • Harrington RA, Fownes JH, Scowcroft PG, Vann CS. 1997. Impact of Hurricane Iniki on native Hawaiian Acacia koa forests: damage and two-year recovery. J Trop Ecol 13:539-58.
    • (1997) J Trop Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 539-558
    • Harrington, R.A.1    Fownes, J.H.2    Scowcroft, P.G.3    Vann, C.S.4
  • 50
    • 0000640997 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota
    • Heinselman ML. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quat Res 3:329-82.
    • (1973) Quat Res , vol.3 , pp. 329-382
    • Heinselman, M.L.1
  • 51
    • 0020897314 scopus 로고
    • Forty years of forest succession in central New England
    • Hibbs DE. 1983. Forty years of forest succession in central New England. Ecology 64:1394-401.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1394-1401
    • Hibbs, D.E.1
  • 52
    • 0001960736 scopus 로고
    • Biology, chance, and history and structure of tropical rainforest tree communities
    • Diamond J, Case T, editors. New York: Harper and Row
    • Hubbell SP, Foster RB. 1986. Biology, chance, and history and structure of tropical rainforest tree communities. In: Diamond J, Case T, editors. Community ecology. New York: Harper and Row. p 314-30.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 314-330
    • Hubbell, S.P.1    Foster, R.B.2
  • 53
    • 0001894499 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal and colonization in a disturbed northern hardwood forest
    • Hughes JW Fahey TJ. 1988. Seed dispersal and colonization in a disturbed northern hardwood forest. Bull Torrey Bot Club 115:89-99.
    • (1988) Bull Torrey Bot Club , vol.115 , pp. 89-99
    • Hughes, J.W.1    Fahey, T.J.2
  • 55
    • 0000257706 scopus 로고
    • Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie
    • Knapp AK, Seastedt TR. 1986. Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie. BioScience 36:662-8.
    • (1986) BioScience , vol.36 , pp. 662-668
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Seastedt, T.R.2
  • 56
    • 0027059632 scopus 로고
    • Thresholds and multiple stable states in coral reef community dynamics
    • Knowlton N. 1992. Thresholds and multiple stable states in coral reef community dynamics. Am Nat 32:674-82.
    • (1992) Am Nat , vol.32 , pp. 674-682
    • Knowlton, N.1
  • 58
    • 0028975672 scopus 로고
    • Lottery coexistence models extended to plants with disjoint generations
    • Laurie H, Cowling RM. 1994. Lottery coexistence models extended to plants with disjoint generations. J Veg Sci 5:161-68.
    • (1994) J Veg Sci , vol.5 , pp. 161-168
    • Laurie, H.1    Cowling, R.M.2
  • 59
    • 0026278712 scopus 로고
    • Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands: A viewpoint
    • Laycock WA. 1991. Stable states and thresholds of range condition on North American rangelands: a viewpoint. J Range Manage 44:427-33.
    • (1991) J Range Manage , vol.44 , pp. 427-433
    • Laycock, W.A.1
  • 60
    • 0001361001 scopus 로고
    • Convergence or divergence: What should we expect from vegetation succession?
    • Leps J. 1991. Convergence or divergence: what should we expect from vegetation succession? Oikos 62:261-4.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.62 , pp. 261-264
    • Leps, J.1
  • 61
    • 0026499416 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest
    • Lertzman KP. 1992. Patterns of gap-phase replacement in a subalpine, old-growth forest. Ecology 73:657-69.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 657-669
    • Lertzman, K.P.1
  • 62
    • 0014624129 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of stability
    • Brookhaven (NY): Brookhaven National Laboratory Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 22
    • Lewontin RC. 1969. The meaning of stability. In: Diversity and stability in ecological systems. Brookhaven (NY): Brookhaven National Laboratory. p 13-24. (Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 22.)
    • (1969) Diversity and Stability in Ecological Systems , pp. 13-24
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 63
    • 0030678088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden
    • Linder P, Elfving B, Zackrisson O. 1997. Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden. For Ecol Manage 98:17-33.
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.98 , pp. 17-33
    • Linder, P.1    Elfving, B.2    Zackrisson, O.3
  • 64
    • 0031862653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can disturbance create refugia from herbivores: An example with hemlock regeneration on treefall mounds
    • Long ZT, Carson WP, Peterson CJ. 1998. Can disturbance create refugia from herbivores: an example with hemlock regeneration on treefall mounds. J Torrey Bot Soc 125:165-8.
    • (1998) J Torrey Bot Soc , vol.125 , pp. 165-168
    • Long, Z.T.1    Carson, W.P.2    Peterson, C.J.3
  • 65
    • 0002388480 scopus 로고
    • Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: Importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities
    • Lubchenco J. 1978. Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community: importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. Am Nat 112:23-39.
    • (1978) Am Nat , vol.112 , pp. 23-39
    • Lubchenco, J.1
  • 66
    • 0027705630 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic and background disturbance of tropical ecosystems at the Luquillo Experimental Forest
    • Lugo AE, Waide RB. 1993. Catastrophic and background disturbance of tropical ecosystems at the Luquillo Experimental Forest. J Biosci 18:475-81.
    • (1993) J Biosci , vol.18 , pp. 475-481
    • Lugo, A.E.1    Waide, R.B.2
  • 67
    • 0032080406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes
    • Mack MC, D'Antonio CM. 1998. Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes. TREE 13:195-8.
    • (1998) TREE , vol.13 , pp. 195-198
    • Mack, M.C.1    D'Antonio, C.M.2
  • 68
    • 0028991895 scopus 로고
    • Conversion of temperate forests into heaths: Role of ecosystem disturbance and ericaceous plants
    • Mallik AU. 1995. Conversion of temperate forests into heaths: role of ecosystem disturbance and ericaceous plants. Environ Manage 19:675-84.
    • (1995) Environ Manage , vol.19 , pp. 675-684
    • Mallik, A.U.1
  • 69
    • 0003105235 scopus 로고
    • The role of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the maintenance of stability in northern hardwood ecosystems
    • Marks PL. 1974. The role of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the maintenance of stability in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecol Monogr 44:73-88.
    • (1974) Ecol Monogr , vol.44 , pp. 73-88
    • Marks, P.L.1
  • 70
    • 0000274355 scopus 로고
    • A study of the variability of some successional and climax plant assemblage-types using multiple discriminant analysis
    • Matthews JA. 1979. A study of the variability of some successional and climax plant assemblage-types using multiple discriminant analysis. J Ecol 67:255-71.
    • (1979) J Ecol , vol.67 , pp. 255-271
    • Matthews, J.A.1
  • 71
    • 0022837482 scopus 로고
    • The effect of seed source on primary succession in a forest ecosystem
    • McClanahan TR. 1986. The effect of seed source on primary succession in a forest ecosystem. Vegetatio 65:175-8.
    • (1986) Vegetatio , vol.65 , pp. 175-178
    • McClanahan, T.R.1
  • 72
    • 0022227783 scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics in the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana
    • McCune B, Allen TFH. 1985a. Forest dynamics in the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana. Can J Bot 63:377-83.
    • (1985) Can J Bot , vol.63 , pp. 377-383
    • McCune, B.1    Allen, T.F.H.2
  • 73
    • 0022197981 scopus 로고
    • Will similar forests develop on similar sites?
    • McCune B, Allen TFH. 1985b. Will similar forests develop on similar sites? Can J Bot 63:267-83.
    • (1985) Can J Bot , vol.63 , pp. 267-283
    • McCune, B.1    Allen, T.F.H.2
  • 74
    • 0030613918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, hurricanes and tropical storms, and rising sea level in coastal wetlands
    • Michener WK, Blood ER, Bildstein KL, Brinson MM, Gardner LR. 1997. Climate change, hurricanes and tropical storms, and rising sea level in coastal wetlands. Ecol Appl 7:770-801.
    • (1997) Ecol Appl , vol.7 , pp. 770-801
    • Michener, W.K.1    Blood, E.R.2    Bildstein, K.L.3    Brinson, M.M.4    Gardner, L.R.5
  • 76
    • 0022833190 scopus 로고
    • Herbivores and early postfire succession in southern California chaparral
    • Mills JN. 1986. Herbivores and early postfire succession in southern California chaparral. Ecology 67:1637-49.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1637-1649
    • Mills, J.N.1
  • 77
    • 0022165245 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance history and serotiny in Pinus contorta in Western Montana
    • Muir PS, Lotan JE. 1985. Disturbance history and serotiny in Pinus contorta in Western Montana. Ecology 66:1658-68.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1658-1668
    • Muir, P.S.1    Lotan, J.E.2
  • 78
    • 0032550303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurricane-fire interactions in coastal forests of the south: A review and hypothesis
    • Myers RK, van Lear DH. 1998. Hurricane-fire interactions in coastal forests of the south: a review and hypothesis. For Ecol Manage 103:265-76.
    • (1998) For Ecol Manage , vol.103 , pp. 265-276
    • Myers, R.K.1    Van Lear, D.H.2
  • 79
    • 0002488931 scopus 로고
    • Surmounting barriers to forest regeneration in abandoned, highly degraded pastures: A case study from Paragominas, Para, Brazil
    • Anderson AB, editor. New York: Columbia University Press
    • Nepstad D, Uhl C, Serrao EA. 1990. Surmounting barriers to forest regeneration in abandoned, highly degraded pastures: a case study from Paragominas, Para, Brazil. In: Anderson AB, editor. Alternatives to deforestation: steps toward sustainable use of the Amazon rainforest. New York: Columbia University Press. p 215-29.
    • (1990) Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rainforest , pp. 215-229
    • Nepstad, D.1    Uhl, C.2    Serrao, E.A.3
  • 80
    • 0030303748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia
    • Neptstad DC, Uhl C, Pereira CA, da Silva JMC. 1996. A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia. Oikos 76:25-39.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 25-39
    • Neptstad, D.C.1    Uhl, C.2    Pereira, C.A.3    Da Silva, J.M.C.4
  • 81
    • 0002503470 scopus 로고
    • The use of vital attributes to predict successional changes in plant communities subject to recurrent disturbances
    • Noble IR, Slatyer RO. 1980. The use of vital attributes to predict successional changes in plant communities subject to recurrent disturbances. Vegetatio 43:5-21.
    • (1980) Vegetatio , vol.43 , pp. 5-21
    • Noble, I.R.1    Slatyer, R.O.2
  • 82
    • 0024218747 scopus 로고
    • Within-gap spatial heterogeneity and seedling performance in a Mexican tropical forest
    • Nunez-Farfan J, Dirzo R. 1988. Within-gap spatial heterogeneity and seedling performance in a Mexican tropical forest. Oikos 51:274-84.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.51 , pp. 274-284
    • Nunez-Farfan, J.1    Dirzo, R.2
  • 83
    • 0031832301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, forest regeneration and links with early human habitation: Evidence from New Zealand
    • Ogden J, Basher L, McGlone M. 1998. Fire, forest regeneration and links with early human habitation: evidence from New Zealand. Ann Bot 81:687-96.
    • (1998) Ann Bot , vol.81 , pp. 687-696
    • Ogden, J.1    Basher, L.2    McGlone, M.3
  • 84
    • 0000127488 scopus 로고
    • Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes
    • Olson JS. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Bot Gaz 119:125-70.
    • (1958) Bot Gaz , vol.119 , pp. 125-170
    • Olson, J.S.1
  • 85
    • 0000418503 scopus 로고
    • Intertidal landscapes: Disturbance and the dynamics of pattern
    • Paine RT, Levin SA. 1981. Intertidal landscapes: disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecol Monogr 51:145-78.
    • (1981) Ecol Monogr , vol.51 , pp. 145-178
    • Paine, R.T.1    Levin, S.A.2
  • 86
    • 0000653263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises
    • Paine RT, Tegner MJ, Johnson EA. 1998. Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises. Ecosystems 1:535-45.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 535-545
    • Paine, R.T.1    Tegner, M.J.2    Johnson, E.A.3
  • 87
    • 0002131813 scopus 로고
    • Tabernacle Pines: The rest of the story
    • Patterson WA, Foster DR. 1990. Tabernacle Pines: the rest of the story. J For 88:23-5.
    • (1990) J For , vol.88 , pp. 23-25
    • Patterson, W.A.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 88
    • 0003049682 scopus 로고
    • Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range: Composition and dynamics
    • Peet RK. 1981. Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range: composition and dynamics. Vegetatio 45:3-75.
    • (1981) Vegetatio , vol.45 , pp. 3-75
    • Peet, R.K.1
  • 89
    • 0002324596 scopus 로고
    • Community structure and ecosystem function
    • Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. New York: Chapman and Hall
    • Peet RK. 1992. Community structure and ecosystem function. In: Glenn-Lewin DC, Peet RK, Veblen TT, editors. Plant succession. New York: Chapman and Hall. p 103-51.
    • (1992) Plant Succession , pp. 103-151
    • Peet, R.K.1
  • 90
    • 24944589435 scopus 로고
    • Succession: A population process
    • Peet RK, Christensen NL. 1980. Succession: a population process. Vegetatio 43:131-40.
    • (1980) Vegetatio , vol.43 , pp. 131-140
    • Peet, R.K.1    Christensen, N.L.2
  • 93
    • 0025224705 scopus 로고
    • Microsite variation and soil dynamics within newly created treefall pits and mounds
    • Peterson CJ, Carson WP, McCarthy BC, Pickett STA. 1990. Microsite variation and soil dynamics within newly created treefall pits and mounds. Oikos 58:39-46.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.58 , pp. 39-46
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Carson, W.P.2    McCarthy, B.C.3    Pickett, S.T.A.4
  • 94
    • 0029666887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalizing forest regeneration models: The dependence of propagule availability on disturbance history and stand size
    • Peterson CJ, Carson WP. 1996. Generalizing forest regeneration models: the dependence of propagule availability on disturbance history and stand size. Can J For Res 26:45-52.
    • (1996) Can J For Res , vol.26 , pp. 45-52
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Carson, W.P.2
  • 95
    • 0028974613 scopus 로고
    • Forest reorganization: A case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown
    • Peterson CJ, Pickett STA. 1995. Forest reorganization: a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown. Ecology 76:763-74.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 763-774
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 96
    • 0030660572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tornado damage and initial recovery in three adjacent, lowland temperate forests in Missouri
    • Peterson CJ, Rebertus AJ. 1997. Tornado damage and initial recovery in three adjacent, lowland temperate forests in Missouri. J Veg Sci 8:559-64.
    • (1997) J Veg Sci , vol.8 , pp. 559-564
    • Peterson, C.J.1    Rebertus, A.J.2
  • 97
    • 0027067164 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, spatial heterogeneity, and biotic diversity: Fire succession in arid Australia
    • Pianka E. 1992. Disturbance, spatial heterogeneity, and biotic diversity: fire succession in arid Australia. Res Explor 8:352-71.
    • (1992) Res Explor , vol.8 , pp. 352-371
    • Pianka, E.1
  • 98
    • 70350100006 scopus 로고
    • Models, mechanisms and pathways of succession
    • Pickett STA, Collins SC, Armesto JJ. 1987a. Models, mechanisms and pathways of succession. Bot Rev 53:335-71.
    • (1987) Bot Rev , vol.53 , pp. 335-371
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Collins, S.C.2    Armesto, J.J.3
  • 99
    • 0023490719 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchical consideration of causes and mechanisms of succession
    • Pickett STA, Collins SC, Armesto JJ. 1987b. A hierarchical consideration of causes and mechanisms of succession. Vegetatio 69:109-14.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.69 , pp. 109-114
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Collins, S.C.2    Armesto, J.J.3
  • 101
    • 0000012670 scopus 로고
    • Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity
    • Poulson TL, Platt WJ. 1989. Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity. Ecology 70:553-5.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 553-555
    • Poulson, T.L.1    Platt, W.J.2
  • 102
    • 0026270813 scopus 로고
    • Hurricane damage to old-growth forest in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina, U.S.A
    • Putz FE, Sharitz RR. 1991. Hurricane damage to old-growth forest in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina, U.S.A. Can J For Res 21:1765-70.
    • (1991) Can J For Res , vol.21 , pp. 1765-1770
    • Putz, F.E.1    Sharitz, R.R.2
  • 103
    • 0002056132 scopus 로고
    • Time of establishment of red maple (Acer rubruni) in early oldfield succession
    • Rankin WT, Pickett STA. 1989. Time of establishment of red maple (Acer rubruni) in early oldfield succession. Bull Torrey Bot Club 116:182-6.
    • (1989) Bull Torrey Bot Club , vol.116 , pp. 182-186
    • Rankin, W.T.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 104
    • 0000020858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are large, infrequent disturbances qualitatively different from small, frequent disturbances?
    • Romme WH, Everham EH, Frelich LE, Moritz MA, Sparks RE. 1998. Are large, infrequent disturbances qualitatively different from small, frequent disturbances? Ecosystems 1:524-34.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 524-534
    • Romme, W.H.1    Everham, E.H.2    Frelich, L.E.3    Moritz, M.A.4    Sparks, R.E.5
  • 105
    • 0020461658 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America
    • Runkle JR. 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology 63:1533-46.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1533-1546
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 106
    • 0022190288 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance regimes in temperate forests
    • Pickett STA, White PS, editors. New York: Academic
    • Runkle JR. 1985. Disturbance regimes in temperate forests. In: Pickett STA, White PS, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. New York: Academic. p 17-34.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 17-34
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 107
    • 0030767090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Succession dynamics in a maritime forest following Hurricane Hugo and fuel reduction burns
    • Smith GF, Nicholas NS, Zedaker SM. 1997. Succession dynamics in a maritime forest following Hurricane Hugo and fuel reduction burns. For Ecol Manage 95:275-83.
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.95 , pp. 275-283
    • Smith, G.F.1    Nicholas, N.S.2    Zedaker, S.M.3
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0031854692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturalization of the flood regime in regulated rivers
    • Sparks RE, Nelson JC, Yin Y 1998. Naturalization of the flood regime in regulated rivers. BioScience 48:706-20.
    • (1998) BioScience , vol.48 , pp. 706-720
    • Sparks, R.E.1    Nelson, J.C.2    Yin, Y.3
  • 110
    • 0004198854 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the natural restocking of high altitude burns by coniferous trees in the Central Rocky Mountains
    • Stahelin R. 1943. Factors influencing the natural restocking of high altitude burns by coniferous trees in the Central Rocky Mountains. Ecology 24:19-30.
    • (1943) Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 19-30
    • Stahelin, R.1
  • 111
    • 0024219991 scopus 로고
    • On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests
    • Swaine MD, Whitmore TC. 1988. On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests. Vegetatio 75:81-6.
    • (1988) Vegetatio , vol.75 , pp. 81-86
    • Swaine, M.D.1    Whitmore, T.C.2
  • 113
    • 0030613067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation development of boreal riparian plant communities after flooding, fire, and logging, Peace River, Canada
    • Timoney KP, Peterson G, Wein R. 1997. Vegetation development of boreal riparian plant communities after flooding, fire, and logging, Peace River, Canada. For Ecol Manage 93:101-20.
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.93 , pp. 101-120
    • Timoney, K.P.1    Peterson, G.2    Wein, R.3
  • 115
    • 0039233556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: What have we learned?
    • Turner MG, Dale VH. 1998. Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: what have we learned? Ecosystems 1:493-96.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 493-496
    • Turner, M.G.1    Dale, V.H.2
  • 116
    • 0030726885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crown fires, hurricanes and volcanoes: A comparison among large-scale disturbances
    • Turner MG, Dale VH, Everham III EE. 1997b. Crown fires, hurricanes and volcanoes: a comparison among large-scale disturbances. BioScience 47:758-68.
    • (1997) BioScience , vol.47 , pp. 758-768
    • Turner, M.G.1    Dale, V.H.2    Everham III, E.E.3
  • 117
    • 0028562413 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
    • Turner MG, Hargrove WH, Gardner RH, Romme WH. 1994. Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. J Veg Sci 5:731-42.
    • (1994) J Veg Sci , vol.5 , pp. 731-742
    • Turner, M.G.1    Hargrove, W.H.2    Gardner, R.H.3    Romme, W.H.4
  • 118
    • 0028165628 scopus 로고
    • Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems
    • Turner MG, Romme WH. 1994. Landscape dynamics in crown fire ecosystems. Landscape Ecol 9:59-77.
    • (1994) Landscape Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 59-77
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.H.2
  • 119
    • 0031391727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of patch size and fire pattern on early post-fire succession on the Yellowstone Plateau
    • Turner MG, Romme WH, Gardner RH, Hargrove WW. 1997a. Effects of patch size and fire pattern on early post-fire succession on the Yellowstone Plateau. Ecol Monogr 67:411-33.
    • (1997) Ecol Monogr , vol.67 , pp. 411-433
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.H.2    Gardner, R.H.3    Hargrove, W.W.4
  • 120
    • 0001032574 scopus 로고
    • A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: Disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes
    • Turner MG, Romme WH, Gardner RH, O'Neill RV, Kratz TK. 1993. A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes. Landscape Ecol 8:213-27.
    • (1993) Landscape Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 213-227
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.H.2    Gardner, R.H.3    O'Neill, R.V.4    Kratz, T.K.5
  • 121
  • 122
    • 84986860243 scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on disturbance and its relations to diversity and stability
    • van der Maarel E. 1993. Some remarks on disturbance and its relations to diversity and stability. J Veg Sci 3:733-6.
    • (1993) J Veg Sci , vol.3 , pp. 733-736
    • Van Der Maarel, E.1
  • 123
    • 0028995338 scopus 로고
    • Variation in species richness on small grassland quadrats: Niche structure or small-scale plant mobility?
    • van der Maarel E, Noest V, Palmer MW 1995. Variation in species richness on small grassland quadrats: niche structure or small-scale plant mobility? J Veg Sci 6:741-52.
    • (1995) J Veg Sci , vol.6 , pp. 741-752
    • Van Der Maarel, E.1    Noest, V.2    Palmer, M.W.3
  • 124
    • 0028852322 scopus 로고
    • Three years of ingrowth following catastrophic hurricane damage on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua: Evidence in support of the direct regeneration hypothesis
    • Vandermeer J, Mallona MA, Boucher D, Yih K, Perfecto I. 1995. Three years of ingrowth following catastrophic hurricane damage on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua: evidence in support of the direct regeneration hypothesis. J Trop Ecol 11:465-71.
    • (1995) J Trop Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 465-471
    • Vandermeer, J.1    Mallona, M.A.2    Boucher, D.3    Yih, K.4    Perfecto, I.5
  • 125
    • 0028165168 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fern thickets on woodland development on landslides in Puerto Rico
    • Walker LR. 1994. Effects of fern thickets on woodland development on landslides in Puerto Rico. J Veg Sci 5:525-32.
    • (1994) J Veg Sci , vol.5 , pp. 525-532
    • Walker, L.R.1
  • 126
    • 0002907511 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among processes controlling successional change
    • Walker LR, Chapin FS. 1987. Interactions among processes controlling successional change. Oikos 50:131-7.
    • (1987) Oikos , vol.50 , pp. 131-137
    • Walker, L.R.1    Chapin, F.S.2
  • 127
    • 0001774164 scopus 로고
    • Post-burn nitrogen and phosphorous availability of deep humus soils in coastal British Columbia cedar/hemlock forests and the use of fertilization and salal eradication to restore productivity
    • Gessel SP, Lacate DS, Weetman GF, Powers RF, editors. Vancouver: Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia
    • Weetman GF, Fournier R, Schnorbus Panozzo E, Barker J. 1990. Post-burn nitrogen and phosphorous availability of deep humus soils in coastal British Columbia cedar/hemlock forests and the use of fertilization and salal eradication to restore productivity. In: Gessel SP, Lacate DS, Weetman GF, Powers RF, editors. Sustained productivity of forest soils: proceedings of the 7th North American forest soils conference. Vancouver: Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia. p 451-99.
    • (1990) Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils: Proceedings of the 7th North American Forest Soils Conference , pp. 451-499
    • Weetman, G.F.1    Fournier, R.2    Schnorbus Panozzo, E.3    Barker, J.4
  • 128
    • 0000658483 scopus 로고
    • Seedling regeneration and population dynamics of eucalypts
    • Noble JC, Bradstock RA, editors. Melbourne: CSIRO
    • Wellington AB. 1989. Seedling regeneration and population dynamics of eucalypts. In: Noble JC, Bradstock RA, editors. Mediterranean landscapes in Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO. p 155-67.
    • (1989) Mediterranean Landscapes in Australia , pp. 155-167
    • Wellington, A.B.1
  • 129
    • 0022205953 scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: An introduction
    • Pickett STA, White PS, editors. New York: Academic
    • White PS, Pickett STA. 1985. Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction. In: Pickett STA, White PS, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. New York: Academic. p 3-13.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 3-13
    • White, P.S.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 130
    • 0002367228 scopus 로고
    • A consideration of climax theory: The climax as a population and pattern
    • Whittaker RH. 1953. A consideration of climax theory: the climax as a population and pattern. Ecol Monogr 23:41-78.
    • (1953) Ecol Monogr , vol.23 , pp. 41-78
    • Whittaker, R.H.1
  • 131
    • 77956801543 scopus 로고
    • Positive-feedback switches in plant communities
    • Wilson JB, Agnew ADQ. 1992. Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. Adv Ecol Res 23:263-336.
    • (1992) Adv Ecol Res , vol.23 , pp. 263-336
    • Wilson, J.B.1    Agnew, A.D.Q.2
  • 132
    • 0023497127 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of early primary succession in subalpine habitats on Mount St. Helens
    • Wood DM, del Moral R. 1987. Mechanisms of early primary succession in subalpine habitats on Mount St. Helens. Ecology 68:780-90.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 780-790
    • Wood, D.M.1    Del Moral, R.2
  • 133
    • 0030723967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of animal seed dispersal in accelerating native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands
    • Wunderle JM. 1997. The role of animal seed dispersal in accelerating native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands. For Ecol Manage 99:223-35.
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.99 , pp. 223-235
    • Wunderle, J.M.1
  • 134
    • 0031284530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of recovery of understory vegetation buried by volcanic tephra from Mount St. Helens
    • Zobel DB, Antos JA. 1997. A decade of recovery of understory vegetation buried by volcanic tephra from Mount St. Helens. Ecol Monogr 67:317-44.
    • (1997) Ecol Monogr , vol.67 , pp. 317-344
    • Zobel, D.B.1    Antos, J.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.