The effects of elk on aspen in the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park

Ecography

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 155-165

  Baker, William L ^a   Munroe, Jennifer A ^a   Hessl, Amy E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPEN; BROWSING; ELK;

USA, COLORADO, ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK;

CERVUS ELAPHUS; POPULUS TREMULOIDES; SALICACEAE;

EID: 0030618986     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1997.tb00358.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Baker, W. L. 1988. Size-class structure of contiguous riparian woodlands along a Rocky Mountain river. - Phys. Geogr. 9: 1-14.
2. Bartos, D. L., Mueggler, W. F. and Campbell, R. B., Jr. 1991. Regeneration of aspen by suckering on burned sites in western Wyoming. - USDA Forest Service Res. Paper INT-448. Intermt. Res. Sta., Ogden, UT.
3. Bear, G. D. 1989. Seasonal distribution and population characteristics of elk in Estes Valley, Colorado. - Colorado Div. Wildl., Special Rep. 65. Denver, CO.
4. Betters, D. R. and Woods, R. F. 1981. Uneven-aged stand structure and growth of Rocky Mountain aspen. - J. For. 79: 673-676.
5. Boyce, M. S. 1991. Natural regulation or the control of nature? - In: Keiter, R. B. and Boyce, M. S. (eds), The greater Yellowstone ecosystem: redefining America's wilderness heritage. Yale Univ. Press, pp. 183-208.
6. Braun, C. E., Stevens, D. R., Giesen, K. M., and Melcher, C. P. 1991. Elk. white-tailed ptarmigan and willow relationships: a management dilemma in Rocky Mountain National Park. - Trans. N. A. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 56: 74-85.
7. Chase, A. 1986. Playing God in Yellowstone: the destruction of America's first National Park. - Atlantic Monthly Press, Boston.
8. Cole, G. F. 1971. An ecological rationale for the natural or artificial regulation of native ungulates in parks. - Trans. N. A. Wildl. Conf. 36: 417-425.
9. Coughenour, M. B. and Singer, F. B. 1991. The concept of overgrazing and its application to Yellowstone's northern range. - In: Keiter, R. B. and Boyce, M. S. (eds), The greater Yellowstone ecosystem: redefining America's wilderness heritage. Yale Univ. Press, pp. 209-230.
10. DeByle, N. V. 1979. Potential effects of stable versus fluctuating elk populations in the aspen ecosystem. - In: Boyce, M. S. and Hayden-Wing, L. D. (eds), North American elk: ecology, behavior and management. Univ. of Wyoming Press, pp. 13-19.
11. _ 1981. Aspen and its management: an introduction. - In: DeByle, N. V. (ed.). Situation management of two intermountain species: aspen and coyotes. Vol. I. Aspen. - Coll. Natural Res., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT, pp. 5-14.
12. _ 1985a. Wildlife. - In: DeByle, N. V. and Winokur, R. P. (eds), Aspen: ecology and management in the Western United States. - USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-119. Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stat., Fort Collins, CO, pp. 135-152.
13. _ 1985b. Animal impacts. - In: DeByle, N. V. and Winokur, R. P. (eds), Aspen: ecology and management in the Western United States. - USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-119. Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stat., Fort Collins, CO, pp. 115-123.
14. _ and Winokur, R. P. (eds) 1985. Aspen: ecology and management in the Western United States. - USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-119. Rocky Mountain For. Range Exper. Stat., Fort Collins, CO.
15. Gysel, L. W. 1959. An ecological study of the winter range of elk and mule deer in the Rocky Mountain National Park. - J. For. 58: 696-703.
16. Hess, K. 1993. Rocky times in Rocky Mountain National Park: an unnatural history. - Univ. Press of Colorado.
17. Hinds, T. E. 1985. Diseases. - In: DeByle N. V. and Winokur, R. P. (eds), Aspen: ecology and management in the Western United States. - USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-119. Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stat., Fort Collins, CO, pp. 87-114.
18. Hobbs, N. T., Baker, D. L., Ellis, J. E., Swift, D. M. and Green, R. A. 1982. Energy-and nitrogen-based estimates of elk winter-range carrying capacity. - J. Wildl. Manage. 46: 12-21.
19. Houston, D. B. 1971. Ecosystems of national parks. - Science 172: 648-651.
20. _ 1982. The northern Yellowstone elk: ecology and management. - MacMillan.
21. Jones, J. R. and DeByle, N. V. 1985. Fire. - In: DeByle, N. V. and Winokur, R. P. (eds), Aspen: ecology and management in the Western United States. - USDA For. Ser. Gen. Technical Report RM-119. Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Stat, Fort Collins, CO, pp. 77-81.
22. Kay, C. E. 1990. Yellowstone's northern elk herd: a critical evaluation of the "natural regulation" paradigm. - Ph.D.-thesis. Utah St. Univ., Logan.
23. _ 1993. Aspen seedlings in recently burned areas of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. - NW Sci. 67: 94-104.
24. _ 1994. Aboriginal overkill: the role of native Americans in structuring western ecosystems. - Human Nat. 5: 359-398.
25. _ and Wagner, F. H. 1994. Historical condition of woody vegetation on Yellowstone's northern range: a critical evaluation of the "natural regulation" paradigm. - In: Despain, D.G. (ed.), Plants and their environments - Proc. 1st biennial sci. conf. Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. U.S. Nat. Park Serv. Techn. Rep., Denver, CO, pp. 151-169.
26. Krebill, R. G. 1972. Mortality of aspen on the Gros Ventre elk winter range. - USDA For. Serv. Res. Paper INT-129. Interm. For. Range Exp. Stat., Ogden, UT.
27. Mueggler, W. F. 1989. Age distribution and reproduction of intermountain aspen stands. - W. J. Appl. For. 4: 41-45.
28. Mueller-Dombois, D. 1986. Perspectives for an etiology of stand-level dieback. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 221-243.
29. Olmsted, C. E. 1979. The ecology of aspen with reference to utilization by large herbivores in Rocky Mountain National Park. - In: Boyce, M. S. and Hayden-Wing, L. (eds), North American elk. Univ. of Wyoming Press, pp. 89-97.
30. Packard, F. M. 1942. Wildlife and aspen in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. - Ecology 23: 478-482.
31. _ 1947. A study of the deer and elk herds of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. - J. Mamm. 28: 4-12.
32. Parker, A. J. and Parker, K. C. 1983. Comparative successional roles of trembling aspen and lodgepole pine in the southern Rocky Mountains. - Gt Basin Nat. 43: 447-455.
33. Peet, R. K. 1981. Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range. - Vegetatio 45: 3-75.
34. Ratcliff, H. M. 1941. Winter range conditions in Rocky Mountain National Park. - Trans. N. A. Wild. Conf. 6: 132-139.
35. Romme, W. H., Turner, M. G., Wallace, L. L. and Walker, J. S. 1995. Aspen, elk, and fire in Northern Yellowstone National Park. - Ecology 76: 2097-2106.
36. Schier, G. A. 1975. Deterioration of aspen clones in the middle Rocky Mountains. - USDA For. Serv. Res. Paper INT-170, Intermt. For. Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT.
37. Schier, G. A. and Campbell, R. B. 1978. Aspen sucker regeneration following burning and clearcutting on two sites in the Rocky Mountains. - For. Sci. 24: 303-308.
38. Singer, F. J., Mark, L. C. and Cates, R. C. 1994. Ungulate herbivory of willows on Yellowstone's northern winter range. - J. Range Manage. 47: 435-443.
39. Stevens, D. R. 1980. The deer and elk of Rocky Mountain National Park: a ten year study. - Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO.
40. Swift, L. W. 1945. A partial history of the elk herds of Colorado. - J. Mammal. 26: 114-119.
41. Turchi, G. M., Kennedy, P. L., Urban, D. and Hein, D. 1995. Bird species richness in relation to isolation of aspen habitats. - Wilson Bull. 107: 463-474.
42. Wishart, D. J. 1979. The fur trade of the American West. 1807-1840: a geographical synthesis. - Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
43. Yeager, L. E. and Hill, R. R. 1954. Beaver management problems on western public lands. - Trans. N. A. Wildl. Conf. 19: 462-479.