메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

Grizzly bear monitoring by the Heiltsuk people as a crucible for First Nation conservation practice

Author keywords

Bear population monitoring; British Columbia; Conservation; First Nations science; Grizzly bear; Noninvasive mark recapture; Salmon; Social and ecological resilience; Traditional stewardship; Values

Indexed keywords

BEAR; DEMOGRAPHIC TREND; INDIGENOUS POPULATION; MARK-RECAPTURE METHOD; SALMONID; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

EID: 84903723529     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-06668-190270     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 84892400731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting uncertainty in wildlife management: Performance of grizzly bear management
    • Artelle, K. A., S. C. Anderson, A. B. Cooper, P. C. Paquet, J. D. Reynolds, and C. T. Darimont. 2013. Confronting uncertainty in wildlife management: performance of grizzly bear management. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78041. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0078041.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.11
    • Artelle, K.A.1    Anderson, S.C.2    Cooper, A.B.3    Paquet, P.C.4    Reynolds, J.D.5    Darimont, C.T.6
  • 3
    • 84903745662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associated Press., Associated Press, New York, New York, USA. [online] URL
    • Associated Press. 1999. Starving grizzlies killed in Canada. Associated Press, New York, New York, USA. [online] URL: http://www. apnewsarchive. com/1999/Starving-Grizzlies-Killed-in-Canada/id-c6375b6f76a7672a0f20f753cd84fb23.
    • (1999) Starving grizzlies killed in Canada
  • 4
    • 33845503112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids
    • Belant, J. L., K. Kielland, E. H. Follmann, and L. G. Adams. 2006. Interspecific resource partitioning in sympatric ursids. Ecological Applications 16(6): 2333-2343. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2333: IRPISU]2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 2333-2343
    • Belant, J.L.1    Kielland, K.2    Follmann, E.H.3    Adams, L.G.4
  • 5
    • 12744260239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of grizzly bear population trend and demography using DNA markrecapture methods in the Owikeno Lake area of British Columbia
    • Boulanger, J., S. Himmer, and C. Swan. 2004a. Monitoring of grizzly bear population trend and demography using DNA markrecapture methods in the Owikeno Lake area of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1267-1277. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/z04-100.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.82 , pp. 1267-1277
    • Boulanger, J.1    Himmer, S.2    Swan, C.3
  • 6
    • 0034883932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closure violation in DNAbased mark-recapture estimation of grizzly bear populations
    • Boulanger, J., and B. McLellan. 2001. Closure violation in DNAbased mark-recapture estimation of grizzly bear populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 642-651. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/z01-020.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.79 , pp. 642-651
    • Boulanger, J.1    McLellan, B.2
  • 7
    • 3843056271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of heterogeneity bias when DNA mark-recapture sampling methods are applied to grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations
    • Boulanger, J., G. Stenhouse, and R. Munro. 2004b. Sources of heterogeneity bias when DNA mark-recapture sampling methods are applied to grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations. Journal of Mammalogy 85: 618-624. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1644/BRB-134.
    • (2004) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.85 , pp. 618-624
    • Boulanger, J.1    Stenhouse, G.2    Munro, R.3
  • 8
    • 1642435901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of grizzly bear DNA markrecapture projects in British Columbia
    • [online] URL: www. ecological. bc. ca/ursus_2002_dna_meta_analysis. pdf
    • Boulanger, J., G. C. White, B. N. McLellan, J. Woods, M. Proctor, and S. Himmer. 2002. A meta-analysis of grizzly bear DNA markrecapture projects in British Columbia. Ursus 13: 137-152. [online] URL: www. ecological. bc. ca/ursus_2002_dna_meta_analysis. pdf.
    • (2002) Ursus , vol.13 , pp. 137-152
    • Boulanger, J.1    White, G.C.2    McLellan, B.N.3    Woods, J.4    Proctor, M.5    Himmer, S.6
  • 9
    • 84896724440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and reproductive hormones in grizzly bears reflect nutritional benefits and social consequences of a salmon foraging niche
    • Bryan, H. M., C. T. Darimont, P. C. Paquet, K. E. Wynne-Edwards, and J. E. G. Smits. 2013. Stress and reproductive hormones in grizzly bears reflect nutritional benefits and social consequences of a salmon foraging niche. PLOS ONE 8(11): e80537. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0080537.
    • (2013) PLOS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.11
    • Bryan, H.M.1    Darimont, C.T.2    Paquet, P.C.3    Wynne-Edwards, K.E.4    Smits, J.E.G.5
  • 11
    • 0032410112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingency and agency in the growth of Northwest Coast maritime economies
    • Cannon, A. 1998. Contingency and agency in the growth of Northwest Coast maritime economies Arctic Anthropology 35: 57-67.
    • (1998) Arctic Anthropology , vol.35 , pp. 57-67
    • Cannon, A.1
  • 12
    • 0002531978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Settlement and sea-levels on the central coast of British Columbia: Evidence from shell midden cores
    • Cannon, A. 2000. Settlement and sea-levels on the central coast of British Columbia: evidence from shell midden cores. American Antiquity 65: 67-77. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2307/2694808.
    • (2000) American Antiquity , vol.65 , pp. 67-77
    • Cannon, A.1
  • 13
    • 0033117305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine-based subsistence trends and the stable isotope analysis of dog bones from Namu, British Columbia
    • Cannon, A., H. P. Schwarcz, and M. Knyf. 1999. Marine-based subsistence trends and the stable isotope analysis of dog bones from Namu, British Columbia. Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 399-407. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1006/jasc. 1998. 0341.
    • (1999) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.26 , pp. 399-407
    • Cannon, A.1    Schwarcz, H.P.2    Knyf, M.3
  • 15
    • 51349149868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of long-term capture effects in ursids: Implications for wildlife welfare and research
    • [online] URL
    • Cattet M., J. Boulanger, G. Stenhouse, R. A. Powell, and M. J. Reynolds-Hogland. 2008. An evaluation of long-term capture effects in ursids: implications for wildlife welfare and research. American Society of Mammalogists 89: 973-990. [online] URL: http://www. mammalogy. org/articles/evaluation-long-term-captureeffects-ursids-implications-wildlife-welfare-and-research.
    • (2008) American Society of Mammalogists , vol.89 , pp. 973-990
    • Cattet, M.1    Boulanger, J.2    Stenhouse, G.3    Powell, R.A.4    Reynolds-Hogland, M.J.5
  • 16
    • 3042511905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologic responses of grizzly bears to different methods of capture
    • Cattet, M. R. L., K. Christison, N. A. Caulkett, and G. B. Stenhouse. 2003. Physiologic responses of grizzly bears to different methods of capture. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(3): 649-654. http://dx. doi. org/10. 7589/0090-3558-39. 3. 649.
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 649-654
    • Cattet, M.R.L.1    Christison, K.2    Caulkett, N.A.3    Stenhouse, G.B.4
  • 17
    • 8744291972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A challenge to conservationists
    • [online] URL
    • Chapin, M. 2004. A challenge to conservationists. Worldwatch 17: 17-31. [online] URL: http://www. worldwatch. org/node/565.
    • (2004) Worldwatch , vol.17 , pp. 17-31
    • Chapin, M.1
  • 19
    • 69149091280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respect for grizzly bear: An aboriginal approach for co-existence and resilience
    • [online] URL
    • Clarke, D. A., and D. S. Slocombe. 2009. Respect for grizzly bear: an aboriginal approach for co-existence and resilience. Ecology and Society 14(1): 42. [online] URL: http://www. ecologyandsociety. org/vol14/iss1/art42/.
    • (2009) Ecology and Society , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 42
    • Clarke, D.A.1    Slocombe, D.S.2
  • 20
    • 51249134083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboriginal self-determination in Canada: Protections afforded by the judiciary and government
    • Dalton, J. E. 2006. Aboriginal self-determination in Canada: protections afforded by the judiciary and government. Canadian Journal of Law and Society 21: 11-37. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1353/jls. 2006. 0034.
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Law and Society , vol.21 , pp. 11-37
    • Dalton, J.E.1
  • 22
    • 52249094903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spawning salmon disrupt trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British Columbia
    • Darimont, C. T., P. C. Paquet, and T. E. Reimchen. 2008a. Spawning salmon disrupt trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British Columbia. BMC Ecology 8: 14. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1186/1472-6785-8-14.
    • (2008) BMC Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 14
    • Darimont, C.T.1    Paquet, P.C.2    Reimchen, T.E.3
  • 23
    • 77951603704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecal-centric approaches to wildlife ecology and conservation; methods, data and ethics
    • Darimont, C. T., T. E. Reimchen, H. Bryan, and P. C. Paquet. 2008b. Faecal-centric approaches to wildlife ecology and conservation; methods, data and ethics. Wildlife Biology in Practice 4: 73-87. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2461/wbp. 2008. 4. 7.
    • (2008) Wildlife Biology in Practice , vol.4 , pp. 73-87
    • Darimont, C.T.1    Reimchen, T.E.2    Bryan, H.3    Paquet, P.C.4
  • 24
    • 0003829696 scopus 로고
    • A case study of late-Quaternary forests in eastern North America. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Delcourt, P. A., and H. R. Delcourt. 1987. Long-term forest dynamics of the temperate zone. A case study of late-Quaternary forests in eastern North America. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1007/978-1-4612-4740-1.
    • (1987) Long-term forest dynamics of the temperate zone
    • Delcourt, P.A.1    Delcourt, H.R.2
  • 25
    • 0028676250 scopus 로고
    • A PCR-based sexdetermination assay in cattle based on the bovine amelogenin locus
    • Ennis, S., and T. F. Gallagher. 1994. A PCR-based sexdetermination assay in cattle based on the bovine amelogenin locus. Animal Genetics 25: 425-427. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1365-2052. 1994. tb00533. x.
    • (1994) Animal Genetics , vol.25 , pp. 425-427
    • Ennis, S.1    Gallagher, T.F.2
  • 26
    • 0004656219 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife Bulletin B-67. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. [online] URL
    • Fuhr, B., and D. A. Demarchi. 1990. A methodology for grizzly bear habitat assessment in British Columbia. Wildlife Bulletin B-67. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. [online] URL: http://www. env. gov. bc. ca/wld/documents/techpub/b67s. pdf.
    • (1990) A methodology for grizzly bear habitat assessment in British Columbia
    • Fuhr, B.1    Demarchi, D.A.2
  • 27
    • 2442447216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon
    • Gende, S. M., and T. P. Quinn. 2004. The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 75-85. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/z03-226.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.82 , pp. 75-85
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 28
    • 38549090625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meaningful resource consultations with First Peoples: Notes from British Columbia
    • Gregory, R., L. Failing, and M. Harstone. 2007. Meaningful resource consultations with First Peoples: notes from British Columbia. Environment 50(1): 34-45. http://dx. doi. org/10. 3200/ENVT. 50. 1. 34-45.
    • (2007) Environment , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-45
    • Gregory, R.1    Failing, L.2    Harstone, M.3
  • 29
    • 0033633436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimation of historic and current levels of salmon production in the northeast Pacific ecosystem: Evidence of a nutrient deficit in the freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest
    • Gresh, T., J. Lichatowich, and P. Schoonmaker. 2000. An estimation of historic and current levels of salmon production in the northeast Pacific ecosystem: evidence of a nutrient deficit in the freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest. Fisheries 25: 15-21. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1577/1548-8446(2000)025<0015: AEOHAC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2000) Fisheries , vol.25 , pp. 15-21
    • Gresh, T.1    Lichatowich, J.2    Schoonmaker, P.3
  • 30
    • 33646597909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grizzly bear-human conflicts in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 1992-2000
    • Gunther, K. A., M. A. Haroldson, K. Frey, S. L. Cain, J. Copeland, and C. C. Schwartz. 2004. Grizzly bear-human conflicts in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, 1992-2000. Ursus 15: 10-22. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0010: GBCITG>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2004) Ursus , vol.15 , pp. 10-22
    • Gunther, K.A.1    Haroldson, M.A.2    Frey, K.3    Cain, S.L.4    Copeland, J.5    Schwartz, C.C.6
  • 31
    • 84903737756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heiltsuk Land Use Plan (HLUP). [undated living document]., Heiltsuk Tribal Council, Heiltsuk Yímas Council, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada (undated living document). [online] URL
    • Heiltsuk Land Use Plan (HLUP). [undated living document]. Qn qńs sásmλáts 7ń7ats. For our children's tomorrows. Heiltsuk Tribal Council, Heiltsuk Yímas Council, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada (undated living document). [online] URL: http://www. firstnations. de/media/04-1-land-use-plan. pdf.
    • Qn qńs sásmλáts 7ń7ats. For our children's tomorrows
  • 32
    • 84903718747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heiltsuk Tribal Council., Heiltsuk Tribal Council, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada. [online] URL
    • Heiltsuk Tribal Council. 2013. Enbridge northern gateway submission: Heiltsuk Nation. Heiltsuk Tribal Council, Bella Bella, British Columbia, Canada. [online] URL: http://www. acee-ceaa. gc. ca/050/documents_staticpost/cearref_21799/83756/Heiltsuk_Tribal_Council_Written_Evidence. pdf.
    • (2013) Enbridge northern gateway submission: Heiltsuk Nation
  • 33
    • 0033370908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears
    • Hilderbrand, G. V., C. C. Schwartz, C. T. Robbins, M. E. Jacoby, T. A. Hanley, S. M. Arthur, and C. Servheen. 1999. The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 132-138. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/z98-195.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 132-138
    • Hilderbrand, G.V.1    Schwartz, C.C.2    Robbins, C.T.3    Jacoby, M.E.4    Hanley, T.A.5    Arthur, S.M.6    Servheen, C.7
  • 34
    • 79953145940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of salmon on riparian plant diversity
    • Hocking, M. D., and J. D. Reynolds. 2011. Impacts of salmon on riparian plant diversity. Science 331: 1609-1612. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1126/science. 1201079.
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 1609-1612
    • Hocking, M.D.1    Reynolds, J.D.2
  • 35
    • 0025919476 scopus 로고
    • Some practical aspects of a conditional likelihood approach to capture experiments
    • Huggins, R. M. 1991. Some practical aspects of a conditional likelihood approach to capture experiments. Biometrics 47: 725-732. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2307/2532158.
    • (1991) Biometrics , vol.47 , pp. 725-732
    • Huggins, R.M.1
  • 39
    • 1042263948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range contractions of North American carnivores and ungulates
    • Laliberte, A. S., and W. J. Ripple. 2004. Range contractions of North American carnivores and ungulates. BioScience 54: 123-138. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0123: RCONAC]2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2004) BioScience , vol.54 , pp. 123-138
    • Laliberte, A.S.1    Ripple, W.J.2
  • 41
    • 84903732107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria and Black Creek, British Columbia, Canada
    • MacHutchon, A. G. 2007. Coastal grizzly bear habitat mapping methods, draft 2. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria and Black Creek, British Columbia, Canada.
    • (2007) Coastal grizzly bear habitat mapping methods, draft 2
    • McHutchon, A.G.1
  • 42
    • 33845475194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: An analysis of the problem and review of the literature
    • McNie, E. C. 2007. Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: an analysis of the problem and review of the literature. Environmental Science and Policy 10 (1): 17-38. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. envsci. 2006. 10. 004.
    • (2007) Environmental Science and Policy , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-38
    • McNie, E.C.1
  • 43
    • 16244375259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grizzly Ursus arctos and black bear U. americanus densities in the interior mountains of North America
    • Mowat, G., D. C. Heard, D. R. Seip, K. G. Poole, G. Stenhouse, and D. W. Paetkau. 2005. Grizzly Ursus arctos and black bear U. americanus densities in the interior mountains of North America. Wildlife Biology 11: 31-48. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2981/0909-6396 (2005)11[31: GUAABB]2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2005) Wildlife Biology , vol.11 , pp. 31-48
    • Mowat, G.1    Heard, D.C.2    Seip, D.R.3    Poole, K.G.4    Stenhouse, G.5    Paetkau, D.W.6
  • 44
    • 0033964212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating population size of grizzly bears using hair capture, DNA profiling, and markrecapture analysis
    • Mowat, G., and C. Strobeck. 2000. Estimating population size of grizzly bears using hair capture, DNA profiling, and markrecapture analysis. Journal of Wildlife Management 64: 183-193. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2307/3802989.
    • (2000) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.64 , pp. 183-193
    • Mowat, G.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 46
    • 0036146191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches for the direct estimation of u, and demographic contributions to u, using capture-recapture data
    • Nichols, J. D., and J. E. Hines. 2002. Approaches for the direct estimation of u, and demographic contributions to u, using capture-recapture data. Journal of Applied Statistics 29: 539-568. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/02664760120108809.
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Statistics , vol.29 , pp. 539-568
    • Nichols, J.D.1    Hines, J.E.2
  • 47
    • 0005993534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific salmon abundance trends in the Fraser River watershed compared with other British Columbia systems
    • in D.J. Stouder, P.A. Bisson, and R. Naiman, editors., Springer, New York, New York, USA
    • Northcote, T. G., and D. Y. Atagi. 1997. Pacific salmon abundance trends in the Fraser River watershed compared with other British Columbia systems. Pages 199-219 in D. J. Stouder, P. A. Bisson, and R. Naiman, editors. Pacific salmon and their ecosystems: status and future options. Springer, New York, New York, USA. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1007/978-1-4615-6375-4_14.
    • (1997) Pacific salmon and their ecosystems: Status and future options , pp. 199-219
    • Northcote, T.G.1    Atagi, D.Y.2
  • 48
    • 0029485101 scopus 로고
    • A new perspective in aboriginal natural resource management: Co-management
    • Notzke, C. 1995. A new perspective in aboriginal natural resource management: co-management. Geoforum 26(2): 187-209. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/0016-7185(95)00019-H.
    • (1995) Geoforum , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-209
    • Notzke, C.1
  • 50
    • 0038379004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories
    • Paetkau, D. 2003. An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories. Molecular Ecology 12: 1375-1387. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1046/j. 1365-294X. 2003. 01820. x.
    • (2003) Molecular Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 1375-1387
    • Paetkau, D.1
  • 51
    • 0029310503 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears
    • Paetkau, D., W. Calvert, I. Stirling, and C. Strobeck. 1995. Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Molecular Ecology 4: 347. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1365-294X. 1995. tb00227. x.
    • (1995) Molecular Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 347
    • Paetkau, D.1    Calvert, W.2    Stirling, I.3    Strobeck, C.4
  • 54
    • 0035007083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological perspective on in-stream temperature: Natural heat dynamics and mechanisms of human-caused thermal degradation
    • Poole, G. C., and C. H. Berman. 2001. An ecological perspective on in-stream temperature: natural heat dynamics and mechanisms of human-caused thermal degradation. Environmental Management. 27(6): 787-802. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1007/s002670010188.
    • (2001) Environmental Management , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 787-802
    • Poole, G.C.1    Berman, C.H.2
  • 56
    • 0029660293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of mark-recapture for the study of recruitment and population growth rate
    • Pradel, R. 1996. Utilization of mark-recapture for the study of recruitment and population growth rate. Biometrics 52: 703-709. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2307/2532908.
    • (1996) Biometrics , vol.52 , pp. 703-709
    • Pradel, R.1
  • 57
    • 67649333397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem-based management in the Great Bear Rainforest
    • Price, K., A. Roburn, and A. MacKinnon. 2009. Ecosystem-based management in the Great Bear Rainforest. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 495-503. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. foreco. 2008. 10. 010.
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.258 , pp. 495-503
    • Price, K.1    Roburn, A.2    McKinnon, A.3
  • 58
    • 78649251542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological investigations of grizzly bears in Canada using DNA from hair: 1995-2005: A review of methods and progress
    • Proctor, M., B. N. McLellan, J. Boulanger, C. D. Apps, G. Stenhouse, D. Paetkau, and G. Mowat. 2010. Ecological investigations of grizzly bears in Canada using DNA from hair: 1995-2005: a review of methods and progress. Ursus 21: 169-188. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2192/1537-6176-21. 2. 169.
    • (2010) Ursus , vol.21 , pp. 169-188
    • Proctor, M.1    McLellan, B.N.2    Boulanger, J.3    Apps, C.D.4    Stenhouse, G.5    Paetkau, D.6    Mowat, G.7
  • 60
    • 0034120732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some ecological and evolutionary aspects of bear-salmon interactions in coastal British Columbia
    • Reimchen, T. E. 2000. Some ecological and evolutionary aspects of bear-salmon interactions in coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 448-457. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/z99-232.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 448-457
    • Reimchen, T.E.1
  • 61
    • 34347247010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional ecology of ursids: A review of newer methods and management implications
    • Robbins, C. T., C. C. Schwartz, and L. A. Felicetti. 2004. Nutritional ecology of ursids: a review of newer methods and management implications. Ursus 15(2): 161-171. http://dx. doi. org/10. 2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0161: NEOUAR>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2004) Ursus , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-171
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Schwartz, C.C.2    Felicetti, L.A.3
  • 62
    • 0034944477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears
    • Rode, K. D., C. T. Robbins, and L. A. Shipley. 2001. Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears. Oecologia 128: 62-91. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1007/s004420100637.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.128 , pp. 62-91
    • Rode, K.D.1    Robbins, C.T.2    Shipley, L.A.3
  • 63
    • 0032426134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative land management approaches in the highlands of southwestern Saudi Arabia
    • Saleh, M. A. E. 1998. Alternative land management approaches in the highlands of southwestern Saudi Arabia. Environmental Conservation 25: 295-304. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1017/S0376892998000381.
    • (1998) Environmental Conservation , vol.25 , pp. 295-304
    • Saleh, M.A.E.1
  • 66
    • 20044391871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon
    • Shwartzman, S., and B. Zimmerman. 2005. Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon. Conservation Biology 19: 721-727. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1523-1739. 2005. 00695. x.
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 721-727
    • Shwartzman, S.1    Zimmerman, B.2
  • 67
    • 0040799670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of anadromous salmon and trout in British Columbia and Yukon
    • Slaney, T. L., K. D. Hyatt, T. G. Northcote, and R. J. Fielden. 1996. Status of anadromous salmon and trout in British Columbia and Yukon. Fisheries 21: 20-35. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1577/1548-8446(1996)021<0020: SOASAT>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1996) Fisheries , vol.21 , pp. 20-35
    • Slaney, T.L.1    Hyatt, K.D.2    Northcote, T.G.3    Fielden, R.J.4
  • 68
    • 55349133391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Culture without cultures-the culture effect
    • Sullivan, P. 2006. Introduction: culture without cultures-the culture effect. Australian Journal of Anthropology 17(3): 253-264. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1835-9310. 2006. tb00062. x.
    • (2006) Australian Journal of Anthropology , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-264
    • Sullivan, P.1
  • 69
    • 84879923078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience in pre-contact Pacific Northwest social ecological systems
    • [online] URL
    • Trosper, R. L. 2003. Resilience in pre-contact Pacific Northwest social ecological systems. Conservation Ecology 7(3): 6. [online] URL: http://www. consecol. org/vol7/iss3/art6/.
    • (2003) Conservation Ecology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 6
    • Trosper, R.L.1
  • 71
    • 58749100509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From invisibility to transparency: Identifying the implications
    • [online] URL
    • Turner, N. J., R. Gregory, C. Brooks, L. Failing, and T. Satterfield. 2008. From invisibility to transparency: identifying the implications. Ecology and Society 13(2): 7. [online] URL: http://www. ecologyandsociety. org/vol13/iss2/art7/.
    • (2008) Ecology and Society , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 7
    • Turner, N.J.1    Gregory, R.2    Brooks, C.3    Failing, L.4    Satterfield, T.5
  • 72
    • 84903671222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solving the perennial paradox: Ethnobotanical evidence for plant resource management on the Northwest Coast
    • in D. Deur and N.J. Turner, editors., University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, USA
    • Turner, N. J., and S. Peacock. 2005. Solving the perennial paradox: ethnobotanical evidence for plant resource management on the Northwest Coast. Pages 101-149 in D. Deur and N. J. Turner, editors. Keeping it living: traditional plant tending and cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (2005) Keeping it living: Traditional plant tending and cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America , pp. 101-149
    • Turner, N.J.1    Peacock, S.2
  • 73
    • 33751002968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking knowledge and action for sustainable development
    • van Kerkhoff, L., and L. Lebel. 2006. Linking knowledge and action for sustainable development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31: 445-477. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1146/annurev. energy. 31. 102405. 170850.
    • (2006) Annual Review of Environment and Resources , vol.31 , pp. 445-477
    • van Kerkhoff, L.1    Lebel, L.2
  • 74
    • 0033453305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals
    • White, G. C., and K. P. Burnham. 1999. Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study 46: S120-S139. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/00063659909477239.
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46
    • White, G.C.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 75
    • 0031729765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding wildlife responses to humans
    • [online] URL
    • Whittaker, D., and R. L. Knight. 1998. Understanding wildlife responses to humans. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 312-317. [online] URL: http://obpa-nc. org/DOI-AdminRecord/0049815-0049822. pdf.
    • (1998) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 312-317
    • Whittaker, D.1    Knight, R.L.2
  • 77
    • 40749120349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First Nations, forest lands, and "aboriginal forestry" in Canada: From exclusion to comanagement and beyond
    • Wyatt, S. 2008. First Nations, forest lands, and "aboriginal forestry" in Canada: from exclusion to comanagement and beyond. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38(2): 171-180. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1139/X07-214.
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-180
    • Wyatt, S.1
  • 78
    • 31544459907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating sacred knowledge for conservation: Cultures and landscapes in southwest China
    • [online] URL
    • Xu, J., E. T. Ma, D. Tashi, Y. Fu, Z. Lu, and D. Melick. 2005. Integrating sacred knowledge for conservation: cultures and landscapes in southwest China. Ecology and Society 10(2): 7. [online] URL: http://www. ecologyandsociety. org/vol10/iss2/art7/.
    • (2005) Ecology and Society , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 7
    • Xu, J.1    Ma, E.T.2    Tashi, D.3    Fu, Y.4    Lu, Z.5    Melick, D.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.