메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 82, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 75-85

The relative importance of prey density and social dominance in determining energy intake by bears feeding on Pacific salmon

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COASTAL ENGINEERING; CORRELATION METHODS; FISHERIES; FORESTRY; OPTIMIZATION;

EID: 2442447216     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/z03-226     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0034255819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of predation: Prey dependent, ratio dependent or neither?
    • Abrams, P.A., and Ginzburg, L.R. 2000. The nature of predation: prey dependent, ratio dependent or neither? Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 337-341.
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 337-341
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Ginzburg, L.R.2
  • 2
    • 0034970842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elo-rating as a tool in the sequential estimation of dominance strengths
    • Albers, P.C.H., and de Vries, H. 2001. Elo-rating as a tool in the sequential estimation of dominance strengths. Anim. Behav. 61: 489-495.
    • (2001) Anim. Behav. , vol.61 , pp. 489-495
    • Albers, P.C.H.1    De Vries, H.2
  • 3
    • 0019090110 scopus 로고
    • Social rank and food access in red deer stags
    • Appleby, M.C. 1980. Social rank and food access in red deer stags. Behaviour, 74: 294-309.
    • (1980) Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 294-309
    • Appleby, M.C.1
  • 4
    • 0028836370 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prolonged fasting on the body composition and reproductive success of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Atkinson, S.N., and Ramsay, M.A. 1995. The effects of prolonged fasting on the body composition and reproductive success of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Funct. Ecol. 9: 559-567.
    • (1995) Funct. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 559-567
    • Atkinson, S.N.1    Ramsay, M.A.2
  • 8
    • 0033180314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of spatial grouping on the functional response of predators
    • Cosner, C., DeAngelis, D.L., Ault, J.S., and Olsen, D.B. 1999. Effects of spatial grouping on the functional response of predators. Theor. Popul. Biol. 56: 65-75.
    • (1999) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.56 , pp. 65-75
    • Cosner, C.1    DeAngelis, D.L.2    Ault, J.S.3    Olsen, D.B.4
  • 10
    • 0028165319 scopus 로고
    • Influence of social status on individual foraging and community structure in a bird guild
    • Daily, G.C., and Ehrlich, P.R. 1994. Influence of social status on individual foraging and community structure in a bird guild. Oecologia, 100: 153-165.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.100 , pp. 153-165
    • Daily, G.C.1    Ehrlich, P.R.2
  • 11
    • 0033953161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: A comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods
    • de Vries, H., and Appleby, M.C. 2000. Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: a comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods. Anim. Behav. 59: 239-245.
    • (2000) Anim. Behav. , vol.59 , pp. 239-245
    • De Vries, H.1    Appleby, M.C.2
  • 12
    • 0036072107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size, arrival date, and reproductive success of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
    • Dickerson, B., Quinn, T.P., and Willson, M.F. 2002. Body size, arrival date, and reproductive success of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 14: 29-44.
    • (2002) Ethol. Ecol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 29-44
    • Dickerson, B.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Willson, M.F.3
  • 13
    • 0027797482 scopus 로고
    • The concept and definition of dominance in animal behavior
    • Drews, C. 1993. The concept and definition of dominance in animal behavior. Behaviour, 125: 283-313.
    • (1993) Behaviour , vol.125 , pp. 283-313
    • Drews, C.1
  • 14
    • 0029662971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual distinctiveness in brown bears, Ursus arctos L.
    • Fagen, R., and Fagen, J.M. 1996. Individual distinctiveness in brown bears, Ursus arctos L. Ethology, 102: 212-226.
    • (1996) Ethology , vol.102 , pp. 212-226
    • Fagen, R.1    Fagen, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 85005626142 scopus 로고
    • Black bear predation on salmon at Olsen Creek, Alaska
    • Frame, G.W. 1974. Black bear predation on salmon at Olsen Creek, Alaska. Z. Tierpsychol. 35: 23-28.
    • (1974) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.35 , pp. 23-28
    • Frame, G.W.1
  • 17
    • 0035037434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption choice by bears feeding on salmon
    • Gende, S.M., Quinn, T.P., and Willson, M.F. 2001. Consumption choice by bears feeding on salmon. Oecologia, 127: 372-382.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 372-382
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Willson, M.F.3
  • 18
    • 1042301091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown bears selectively kill salmon with higher energy content but only in habitats that facilitate choice
    • Gende, S.M., Quinn, T.P., Hilborn, R., Hendry, A.P., and Dickerson, B. 2004. Brown bears selectively kill salmon with higher energy content but only in habitats that facilitate choice. Oikos, 104: 518-528.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.104 , pp. 518-528
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Hilborn, R.3    Hendry, A.P.4    Dickerson, B.5
  • 19
    • 0030442478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans); the influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy
    • Gese, E.M., Ruff, R.L., and Crabtree, R.L. 1996. Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans); the influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy. Can. J. Zool. 74: 769-783.
    • (1996) Can. J. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 769-783
    • Gese, E.M.1    Ruff, R.L.2    Crabtree, R.L.3
  • 20
    • 0002137570 scopus 로고
    • Competition for food and interference among waders
    • Goss-Custard, J.D. 1980. Competition for food and interference among waders. Ardea, 68: 31-52.
    • (1980) Ardea , vol.68 , pp. 31-52
    • Goss-Custard, J.D.1
  • 23
    • 0022163492 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and anti-predator behaviour in blue tits (Parus caeruleus)
    • Hegner, R.E. 1985. Dominance and anti-predator behaviour in blue tits (Parus caeruleus). Anim. Behav. 33: 762-768.
    • (1985) Anim. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 762-768
    • Hegner, R.E.1
  • 24
    • 0033306040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in sockeye salmon
    • Hendry, A.P., and Berg, O.K. 1999. Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in sockeye salmon. Can. J. Zool. 77: 1663-1675.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 1663-1675
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Berg, O.K.2
  • 25
    • 1842326597 scopus 로고
    • Social behavior of black bears at a garbage dump in Jasper National Park
    • Madison, Wis., 10-13 February 1980. Edited by E. Charles Meslow. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wis. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Herrero, S. 1983. Social behavior of black bears at a garbage dump in Jasper National Park. In Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wis., 10-13 February 1980. Edited by E. Charles Meslow. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wis. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1983) Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Herrero, S.1
  • 27
    • 0033370908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears
    • Hilderbrand, G.V., Schwartz, C.C., Robbins, C.T., Jacoby, M.E., Hanley, T.A., Arthur, S.M., and Servheen, C. 1999a. The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears. Can. J. Zool. 77: 132-138.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 132-138
    • Hilderbrand, G.V.1    Schwartz, C.C.2    Robbins, C.T.3    Jacoby, M.E.4    Hanley, T.A.5    Arthur, S.M.6    Servheen, C.7
  • 28
    • 0033491191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears
    • Hilderbrand, G.V., Jenkins, S.G., Schwartz, C.C., Hanley, T.A., and Robbins, C.T. 1999b. Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears. Can. J. Zool. 77: 1623-1630.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Hilderbrand, G.V.1    Jenkins, S.G.2    Schwartz, C.C.3    Hanley, T.A.4    Robbins, C.T.5
  • 29
    • 0033957453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears
    • Hilderbrand, G.V., Schwartz, C.C., Robbins, C.T., and Hanley, T.A. 2000. Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears. J. Wildl. Manag. 64: 178-183.
    • (2000) J. Wildl. Manag. , vol.64 , pp. 178-183
    • Hilderbrand, G.V.1    Schwartz, C.C.2    Robbins, C.T.3    Hanley, T.A.4
  • 30
    • 0029659299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: Effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity
    • Hupp, J.W., White, R.G., Sedinger, J.S., and Robertson, D.G. 1996. Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity. Oecologia, 108: 232-240.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.108 , pp. 232-240
    • Hupp, J.W.1    White, R.G.2    Sedinger, J.S.3    Robertson, D.G.4
  • 31
    • 0036926723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal and diurnal foraging behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a salmon stream in coastal British Columbia
    • Klinka, D.R., and Reimchen, T.E. 2002. Nocturnal and diurnal foraging behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a salmon stream in coastal British Columbia. Can. J. Zool. 80: 1317-1322.
    • (2002) Can. J. Zool. , vol.80 , pp. 1317-1322
    • Klinka, D.R.1    Reimchen, T.E.2
  • 32
    • 0000024663 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance patterns of bald eagles feeding in groups
    • Knight, S.K., and Knight, R.L. 1986. Vigilance patterns of bald eagles feeding in groups. Auk, 103: 263-272.
    • (1986) Auk , vol.103 , pp. 263-272
    • Knight, S.K.1    Knight, R.L.2
  • 34
    • 0002549986 scopus 로고
    • Fishing behavior of Alaskan brown bear
    • Binghamton, N.Y., 31 May - 1 June 1974, and Moscow, USSR, 11 June 1974. Edited by M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Jr. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Luque, M.H., and Stokes, A.W. 1976. Fishing behavior of Alaskan brown bear. In Bears -Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Binghamton, N.Y., 31 May - 1 June 1974, and Moscow, USSR, 11 June 1974. Edited by M.R. Pelton, J.W. Lentfer, and G.E. Folk, Jr. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1976) Bears -Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Luque, M.H.1    Stokes, A.W.2
  • 35
    • 0029472024 scopus 로고
    • Influences of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on behaviour and reproduction of Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), 1975-1989
    • Mattson, D.J., and Reinhart, D.P. 1995. Influences of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) on behaviour and reproduction of Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), 1975-1989. Can. J. Zool. 73: 2072-2079.
    • (1995) Can. J. Zool. , vol.73 , pp. 2072-2079
    • Mattson, D.J.1    Reinhart, D.P.2
  • 36
    • 0033213171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible and indefensible patterns of food distribution
    • McCarthy, I.D., Gair, D.J., and Houlihan, D.F. 1999. Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible and indefensible patterns of food distribution. J. Fish Biol. 55: 854-867.
    • (1999) J. Fish Biol. , vol.55 , pp. 854-867
    • McCarthy, I.D.1    Gair, D.J.2    Houlihan, D.F.3
  • 37
    • 0002220741 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent population regulation of brown bears
    • Density-dependent population regulation of black, brown and polar bears. Edited by M. Taylor. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.
    • McLellan, B. 1994. Density-dependent population regulation of brown bears. In Density-dependent population regulation of black, brown and polar bears. International Conference on Bear Research and Management Monogr. Ser. No. 3. Edited by M. Taylor. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. pp. 15-43. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1994) International Conference on Bear Research and Management Monogr. Ser. No. 3 , pp. 15-43
    • McLellan, B.1
  • 38
    • 0022824669 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in competitive ability and food intake in salmonids: Consequences for energy budgets and growth rates
    • Metcalfe, N.B. 1986. Intraspecific variation in competitive ability and food intake in salmonids: consequences for energy budgets and growth rates. J. Fish Biol. 28: 525-531.
    • (1986) J. Fish Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 525-531
    • Metcalfe, N.B.1
  • 40
    • 0022170297 scopus 로고
    • Group foraging in wild brown hares: Effects of resource distribution and social status
    • Monaghan, P., and Metcalfe, N.B. 1985. Group foraging in wild brown hares: effects of resource distribution and social status. Anim. Behav. 33: 993-999.
    • (1985) Anim. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 993-999
    • Monaghan, P.1    Metcalfe, N.B.2
  • 41
    • 0030858573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of increasing activity on brown bear use of an Alaskan river
    • Olson, T.L., Gilbert, B.K., and Squibb, R.C. 1997. The effects of increasing activity on brown bear use of an Alaskan river. Biol. Conserv. 82: 95-99.
    • (1997) Biol. Conserv. , vol.82 , pp. 95-99
    • Olson, T.L.1    Gilbert, B.K.2    Squibb, R.C.3
  • 42
    • 0032749619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-selective and sex-selective predation by brown bears on sockeye salmon
    • Quinn, T.P., and Kinnison, M.T. 1999. Size-selective and sex-selective predation by brown bears on sockeye salmon. Oecologia, 121: 273-282.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 273-282
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Kinnison, M.T.2
  • 43
    • 0035651972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation, and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations
    • Quinn, T.P., Wetzel, L., Bishop, S., Overberg, K., and Rogers, D.E. 2001. Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation, and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations. Can. J. Zool. 79: 1782-1793.
    • (2001) Can. J. Zool. , vol.79 , pp. 1782-1793
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Wetzel, L.2    Bishop, S.3    Overberg, K.4    Rogers, D.E.5
  • 44
    • 1342288269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • Quinn, T.P., Gende, S.M., Ruggerone, G.T., and Rogers, D.E. 2003. Density-dependent predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60: 553-562.
    • (2003) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 553-562
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Gende, S.M.2    Ruggerone, G.T.3    Rogers, D.E.4
  • 45
    • 0034944477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears
    • Rode, K.D., Robbins, C.T., and Shipley, L.A. 2001. Constraints on herbivory by grizzly bears. Oecologia, 128: 62-71.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.128 , pp. 62-71
    • Rode, K.D.1    Robbins, C.T.2    Shipley, L.A.3
  • 46
    • 0023483689 scopus 로고
    • Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota
    • Rogers, L.L. 1987. Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wildl. Monogr. No. 97.
    • (1987) Wildl. Monogr. No. 97
    • Rogers, L.L.1
  • 47
    • 0028993783 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of female black bears in relation to body mass in early winter
    • Samson, C., and Hout, J. 1995. Reproductive biology of female black bears in relation to body mass in early winter. J. Mammal. 76: 68-77.
    • (1995) J. Mammal. , vol.76 , pp. 68-77
    • Samson, C.1    Hout, J.2
  • 48
    • 0021537614 scopus 로고
    • Dominance, predation, and optimal foraging in white-throated sparrow flocks
    • Schneider, K.J. 1984. Dominance, predation, and optimal foraging in white-throated sparrow flocks. Ecology, 65: 1820-1827.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1820-1827
    • Schneider, K.J.1
  • 49
    • 0001904207 scopus 로고
    • Differential distribution of brown bears on Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska: A preliminary assessment
    • Grand Canyon, Ariz., 18-22 February 1983. Edited by P. Zager. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wis. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Schoen, J.W., Lentfer, J.W., and Beier, L. 1986. Differential distribution of brown bears on Admiralty Island, southeast Alaska: a preliminary assessment. In Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Grand Canyon, Ariz., 18-22 February 1983. Edited by P. Zager. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Madison, Wis. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1986) Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Schoen, J.W.1    Lentfer, J.W.2    Beier, L.3
  • 50
    • 0141757245 scopus 로고
    • Brown bear population characteristics at McNeil River, Alaska
    • Missoula, Mont., February 1992. Edited by J. Claar and P. Schullery. Bear Biology Association, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Sellers, R.A., and Aumiller, L.D. 1994. Brown bear population characteristics at McNeil River, Alaska. In Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Missoula, Mont., February 1992. Edited by J. Claar and P. Schullery. Bear Biology Association, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1994) Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Sellers, R.A.1    Aumiller, L.D.2
  • 51
    • 0034966011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal diet theory: When does it work, and when and why does it fail?
    • Sih, A., and Christensen, B. 2001. Optimal diet theory: when does it work, and when and why does it fail? Anim. Behav. 61: 379-390.
    • (2001) Anim. Behav. , vol.61 , pp. 379-390
    • Sih, A.1    Christensen, B.2
  • 52
    • 0035127797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subordinates explore but dominants profit: Resource competition in high Arctic barnacle goose flocks
    • Stahl, J., Tolsma, P.H., Loonen, M.J.J.E., and Drent, R.H. 2001. Subordinates explore but dominants profit: resource competition in high Arctic barnacle goose flocks. Anim. Behav. 61: 257-264.
    • (2001) Anim. Behav. , vol.61 , pp. 257-264
    • Stahl, J.1    Tolsma, P.H.2    Loonen, M.J.J.E.3    Drent, R.H.4
  • 53
    • 0008919341 scopus 로고
    • Black bear reproductive rate relative to body weight in hunted populations
    • Victoria, B.C., 20-25 February 1989. Edited by L.M. Darling and W.R. Archibald. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Stringham, S.F. 1989. Black bear reproductive rate relative to body weight in hunted populations. In Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Victoria, B.C., 20-25 February 1989. Edited by L.M. Darling and W.R. Archibald. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1989) Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Stringham, S.F.1
  • 54
    • 0000753516 scopus 로고
    • The effect of seed dispersion on the foraging success of dominant and subordinate dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis
    • Theimer, T.C. 1987. The effect of seed dispersion on the foraging success of dominant and subordinate dark-eyed juncos, Junco hyemalis. Anim. Behav. 35: 1883-1890.
    • (1987) Anim. Behav. , vol.35 , pp. 1883-1890
    • Theimer, T.C.1
  • 55
    • 0000360861 scopus 로고
    • Social dominance and feeding patterns of spotted hyaenas
    • Tilson, R.L., and Hamilton, W.J. 1984. Social dominance and feeding patterns of spotted hyaenas. Anim. Behav. 32: 715-724.
    • (1984) Anim. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 715-724
    • Tilson, R.L.1    Hamilton, W.J.2
  • 57
    • 0001206444 scopus 로고
    • Vigilance in the white-breasted nuthatch: Effects of dominance and sociality
    • Waite, T.A. 1987. Vigilance in the white-breasted nuthatch: effects of dominance and sociality. Auk, 104: 429-434.
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 429-434
    • Waite, T.A.1
  • 58
    • 3342923482 scopus 로고
    • Visitor impact on brown bears, Admiralty Island, Alaska
    • Williamsburg, Va., 21-26 February 1986, and Plitvice Lakes, Yugoslavia, 2-5 March 1986. Edited by P. Zager. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • Warner, S. 1987. Visitor impact on brown bears, Admiralty Island, Alaska. In Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Williamsburg, Va., 21-26 February 1986, and Plitvice Lakes, Yugoslavia, 2-5 March 1986. Edited by P. Zager. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Washington, D.C. [Available from Terry D. White, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, P.O. Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, U.S.A.]
    • (1987) Bears - Their Biology and Management: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Bear Research and Management
    • Warner, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.