메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 645-652

Techniques for the measurement and monitoring of carbon dioxide in the blood

Author keywords

Blood gas analysis; Capnography; Hypercapnia; Respiratory insufficiency; Transcutaneous

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

EID: 84903642716     PISSN: 23256621     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201311-387FR     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (110)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0020061733 scopus 로고
    • The failing ventilatory pump
    • Roussos C. The failing ventilatory pump. Lung 1982;160:59-84. (Pubitemid 12186930)
    • (1982) Lung , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 59-84
    • Roussos, C.1
  • 6
    • 0000337808 scopus 로고
    • The determination of gases in blood and other solutions by vacuum extraction and manometric measurement. i
    • Van Slyke DD, Neill JM. The determination of gases in blood and other solutions by vacuum extraction and manometric measurement. I. J Biol Chem 1924;61:523-573.
    • (1924) J Biol Chem , vol.61 , pp. 523-573
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1    Neill, J.M.2
  • 7
    • 0041905222 scopus 로고
    • Studies of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood. XV. Line charts for graphic calculation by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and for calculating plasma carbon dioxide content from whole blood content
    • Van Slyke DD, Sendroy J Jr. Studies of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood. XV. Line charts for graphic calculation by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and for calculating plasma carbon dioxide content from whole blood content. J Biol Chem 1928;79:781-798.
    • (1928) J Biol Chem , vol.79 , pp. 781-798
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1    Sendroy, Jr.J.2
  • 8
    • 0036307674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The invention and development of blood gas analysis apparatus
    • DOI 10.1097/00000542-200207000-00031
    • Severinghaus JW. The invention and development of blood gas analysis apparatus. Anesthesiology 2002;97:253-256. (Pubitemid 34733944)
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 253-256
    • Severinghaus, J.W.1
  • 9
    • 0002876292 scopus 로고
    • The anaesthetist's viewpoint on the treatment of respiratory complications in poliomyelitis during the epidemic in Copenhagen, 1952
    • Ibsen B. The anaesthetist's viewpoint on the treatment of respiratory complications in poliomyelitis during the epidemic in Copenhagen, 1952. Proc R Soc Med 1954;47:72-74.
    • (1954) Proc R Soc Med , vol.47 , pp. 72-74
    • Ibsen, B.1
  • 10
    • 79961026327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The birth of intensive care medicine: Björn Ibsen's records
    • Reisner-Sénélar L. The birth of intensive care medicine: Björn Ibsen's records. Intensive Care Med 2011;37:1084-1086.
    • (2011) Intensive Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 1084-1086
    • Reisner-Sénélar, L.1
  • 11
    • 23044481827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological challenges of the 1952 Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic and a renaissance in clinical respiratory physiology
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00184.2005
    • West JB. The physiological challenges of the 1952 Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic and a renaissance in clinical respiratory physiology. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:424-432. (Pubitemid 41061134)
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 424-432
    • West, J.B.1
  • 12
    • 0001493816 scopus 로고
    • Rapid measurement of the tension of carbon dioxide in blood
    • Stow RW, Baer RF, Randall BF. Rapid measurement of the tension of carbon dioxide in blood. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1957;38:646-650.
    • (1957) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.38 , pp. 646-650
    • Stow, R.W.1    Baer, R.F.2    Randall, B.F.3
  • 13
    • 0001532670 scopus 로고
    • Electrodes for blood pO2 and pCO2 determination
    • Severinghaus JW, Bradley AF. Electrodes for blood pO2 and pCO2 determination. J Appl Physiol 1958;13:515-520.
    • (1958) J Appl Physiol , vol.13 , pp. 515-520
    • Severinghaus, J.W.1    Bradley, A.F.2
  • 14
    • 0018930063 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for measuring the partial pressures of gases in the blood. Part I - in vitro measurements
    • Hahn CE. Techniques for measuring the partial pressures of gases in the blood. I. In vitro measurements. J Phys E 1980;13:470-482. (Pubitemid 10035941)
    • (1980) Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 470-482
    • Hahn, C.E.W.1
  • 15
    • 0007619452 scopus 로고
    • Methods of measurement of blood and gas carbon dioxide during anesthesia
    • Severinghaus JW. Methods of measurement of blood and gas carbon dioxide during anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1960;21:717-726.
    • (1960) Anesthesiology , vol.21 , pp. 717-726
    • Severinghaus, J.W.1
  • 17
    • 0028235860 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide in low birthweight infants during the first two weeks of life
    • Binder N, Atherton H, Thorkelsson T, Hoath SB. Measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide in low birthweight infants during the first two weeks of life. Am J Perinatol 1994;11:237-241. (Pubitemid 24156782)
    • (1994) American Journal of Perinatology , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-241
    • Binder, N.1    Atherton, H.2    Thorkelsson, T.3    Hoath, S.B.4
  • 22
    • 0017897309 scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous blood gas measurement using a mass spectrometer
    • McIlroy MB, Simbruner G, Sonoda Y. Transcutaneous blood gas measurement using a mass spectrometer. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1978;68:128-130. (Pubitemid 8392335)
    • (1978) Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 68 , pp. 128-130
    • McIlroy, M.B.1    Simbruner, G.2    Sonoda, Y.3
  • 23
    • 0018667975 scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of blood gases in vivo by mass spectrometry
    • Foëx P, Burt G, Maynard P, Ryder WA, Hahn CE. Continuous measurement of blood gases in vivo by mass spectrometry. Br J Anaesth 1979;51:999-1005. (Pubitemid 10218074)
    • (1979) British Journal of Anaesthesia , vol.51 , Issue.11 , pp. 999-1005
    • Foex, P.1    Burt, G.2    Maynard, P.3
  • 24
  • 25
    • 0000846812 scopus 로고
    • Small blood-samples from ear-lobe puncture: A substitute for arterial puncture
    • Langlands JH, Wallace WF. Small blood-samples from ear-lobe puncture: a substitute for arterial puncture. Lancet 1965;2: 315-317.
    • (1965) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 315-317
    • Langlands, J.H.1    Wallace, W.F.2
  • 26
    • 0028334818 scopus 로고
    • Arterialised earlobe blood gas analysis: An underused technique
    • Pitkin AD, Roberts CM, Wedzicha JA. Arterialised earlobe blood gas analysis: an underused technique. Thorax 1994;49:364-366. (Pubitemid 24149202)
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-366
    • Pitkin, A.D.1    Roberts, C.M.2    Wedzicha, J.A.3
  • 27
    • 0028817632 scopus 로고
    • Arterial versus capillary sampling for analysing blood gas pressures
    • Dar K, Williams T, Aitken R, Woods KL, Fletcher S. Arterial versus capillary sampling for analysing blood gas pressures. BMJ 1995; 310:24-25.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 24-25
    • Dar, K.1    Williams, T.2    Aitken, R.3    Woods, K.L.4    Fletcher, S.5
  • 29
    • 84884638880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AARC clinical practice guideline: Blood gas analysis and hemoximetry: 2013
    • Davis MD, Walsh BK, Sittig SE, Restrepo RD. AARC clinical practice guideline: blood gas analysis and hemoximetry: 2013. Respir Care 2013;58:1694-1703.
    • (2013) Respir Care , vol.58 , pp. 1694-1703
    • Davis, M.D.1    Walsh, B.K.2    Sittig, S.E.3    Restrepo, R.D.4
  • 30
    • 33845352050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • DOI 10.1620/tjem.210.285
    • Ak A, Ogun CO, Bayir A, Kayis SA, Koylu R. Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tohoku J Exp Med 2006;210:285-290. (Pubitemid 44883968)
    • (2006) Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine , vol.210 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-290
    • Ak, A.1    Ogun, C.O.2    Bayir, A.3    Kayis, S.A.4    Koylu, R.5
  • 31
    • 77956409936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis on the utility of peripheral venous blood gas analyses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department
    • Lim BL, Kelly AM. A meta-analysis on the utility of peripheral venous blood gas analyses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 2010;17:246-248.
    • (2010) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 246-248
    • Lim, B.L.1    Kelly, A.M.2
  • 32
    • 78650321698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Can venous blood gas analysis replace arterial in emergency medical care
    • Kelly AM. Review article: can venous blood gas analysis replace arterial in emergency medical care. Emerg Med Australas 2010;22: 493-498.
    • (2010) Emerg Med Australas , vol.22 , pp. 493-498
    • Kelly, A.M.1
  • 33
    • 79952525186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate iatrogenic blood loss in medical intensive care patients and the causes of anemia
    • Tosiri P, Kanitsap N, Kanitsap A. Approximate iatrogenic blood loss in medical intensive care patients and the causes of anemia. J Med Assoc Thai 2010;93(Suppl 7):S271-S276.
    • (2010) J Med Assoc Thai , vol.93 , Issue.SUPPL. 7
    • Tosiri, P.1    Kanitsap, N.2    Kanitsap, A.3
  • 34
    • 0029686628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging technology in critical care: Continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring
    • Szaflarski NL. Emerging technology in critical care: continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring. Am J Crit Care 1996;5:55-65. (Pubitemid 126479576)
    • (1996) American Journal of Critical Care , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-65
    • Szaflarski, N.L.1
  • 35
    • 0030444088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous arterial gas monitoring: Initial experience with the Paratrend 7 in children
    • DOI 10.1007/s001340050275
    • Weiss IK, Fink S, Edmunds S, Harrison R, Donnelly K. Continuous arterial gas monitoring: initial experience with the Paratrend 7 in children. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:1414-1417. (Pubitemid 27007782)
    • (1996) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1414-1417
    • Weiss, I.K.1    Fink, S.2    Edmunds, S.3    Harrison, R.4    Donnelly, K.5
  • 37
    • 0019372078 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for measuring the partial pressures of gases in the blood. II. In vivo measurements
    • Hahn CE. Techniques for measuring the partial pressures of gases in the blood. II. In vivo measurements. J Phys E 1981;14: 783-797. (Pubitemid 11008535)
    • (1981) Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 783-797
    • Hahn, C.E.W.1
  • 38
    • 69249245163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The design, use, and results of transcutaneous carbon dioxide analysis: Current and future directions
    • Eberhard P. The design, use, and results of transcutaneous carbon dioxide analysis: current and future directions. Anesth Analg 2007; 105(6, Suppl):S48-S52.
    • (2007) Anesth Analg , vol.105 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Eberhard, P.1
  • 39
    • 0026848894 scopus 로고
    • Sidestream versus mainstream carbon dioxide analyzers
    • Block FEJ Jr, McDonald JS. Sidestream versus mainstream carbon dioxide analyzers. J Clin Monit 1992;8:139-141.
    • (1992) J Clin Monit , vol.8 , pp. 139-141
    • Block, Jr.F.E.J.1    McDonald, J.S.2
  • 40
    • 0023105135 scopus 로고
    • End-tidal carbon dioxide as a measure of arterial carbon dioxide during intermittent mandatory ventilation
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00858353
    • Weinger MB, Brimm JE. End-tidal carbon dioxide as a measure of arterial carbon dioxide during intermittent mandatory ventilation. J Clin Monit 1987;3:73-79. (Pubitemid 17054860)
    • (1987) Journal of Clinical Monitoring , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-79
    • Weinger, M.B.1    Brimm, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 0033789790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring using the NBP-75 microstream capnometer: A study in intubated ventilated and spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients
    • Casati A, Gallioli G, Scandroglio M, Passaretta R, Borghi B, Torri G. Accuracy of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring using the NBP-75 microstream capnometer: a study in intubated ventilated and spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000;17:622-626.
    • (2000) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.17 , pp. 622-626
    • Casati, A.1    Gallioli, G.2    Scandroglio, M.3    Passaretta, R.4    Borghi, B.5    Torri, G.6
  • 42
    • 0023485723 scopus 로고
    • 2 difference and dead space/tidal volume ratio in respiratory failure
    • Yamanaka MK, Sue DY. Comparison of arterial-end-tidal PCO2 difference and dead space/tidal volume ratio in respiratory failure. Chest 1987;92:832-835. (Pubitemid 18008613)
    • (1987) Chest , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 832-835
    • Yamanaka, M.K.1    Sue, D.Y.2
  • 43
    • 0019426820 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between arterial and peak expired carbon dioxide pressure during anesthesia and factors influencing the difference
    • Whitesell R, Asiddao C, Gollman D, Jablonski J. Relationship between arterial and peak expired carbon dioxide pressure during anesthesia and factors influencing the difference. Anesth Analg 1981;60: 508-512. (Pubitemid 11083150)
    • (1981) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 508-512
    • Whitesell, R.1    Asiddao, C.2    Gollman, D.3    Jablonski, J.4
  • 44
    • 67649983608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and precision of three different methods to determine Pco2 (Paco2 vs. Petco2 vs. Ptcco2) during interhospital ground transport of critically ill and ventilated adults
    • Hinkelbein J, Floss F, Denz C, Krieter H. Accuracy and precision of three different methods to determine Pco2 (Paco2 vs. Petco2 vs. Ptcco2) during interhospital ground transport of critically ill and ventilated adults. J Trauma 2008;65:10-18.
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.65 , pp. 10-18
    • Hinkelbein, J.1    Floss, F.2    Denz, C.3    Krieter, H.4
  • 46
    • 30544442412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide in infants and children with congenital heart disease: End-tidal versus transcutaneous techniques
    • DOI 10.1177/0885066605278652
    • Wilson J, Russo P, Russo J, Tobias JD. Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide in infants and children with congenital heart disease: end-tidal versus transcutaneous techniques. J Intensive Care Med 2005;20:291-295. (Pubitemid 43080639)
    • (2005) Journal of Intensive Care Medicine , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 291-295
    • Wilson, J.1    Russo, P.2    Russo, J.3    Tobias, J.D.4
  • 47
    • 10344228305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in adults
    • DOI 10.1097/00001503-200412000-00014
    • Chhajed PN, Heuss LT, Tamm M. Cutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in adults. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2004;17:521-525. (Pubitemid 39627509)
    • (2004) Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 521-525
    • Chhajed, P.N.1    Heuss, L.T.2    Tamm, M.3
  • 48
    • 0020129816 scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous analysis of arterial PCO2
    • Hazinski TA, Severinghaus JW. Transcutaneous analysis of arterial PCO2. Med Instrum 1982;16:150-153.
    • (1982) Med Instrum , vol.16 , pp. 150-153
    • Hazinski, T.A.1    Severinghaus, J.W.2
  • 49
    • 0031594179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 device
    • Janssens JP, Howarth-Frey C, Chevrolet JC, Abajo B, Rochat T. Transcutaneous PCO2 to monitor noninvasive mechanical ventilation in adults: assessment of a new transcutaneous PCO2 device. Chest 1998;113:768-773. (Pubitemid 28130955)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 768-773
    • Janssens, J.-P.1    Howarh-Frey, C.2    Chevrolet, J.-C.3    Abajo, B.4    Rochat, T.5
  • 50
    • 0020643921 scopus 로고
    • 2 measurements in healthy adults
    • Wimberley PD, Pedersen KG, Thode J, Fogh-Andersen N, Sørensen AM, Siggaard-Andersen O. Transcutaneous and capillary pCO2 and pO2 measurements in healthy adults. Clin Chem 1983;29: 1471-1473. (Pubitemid 13033705)
    • (1983) Clinical Chemistry , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1471-1473
    • Wimberley, P.D.1    Pedersen, K.G.2    Thode, J.3
  • 54
    • 37549047635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring during initiation of noninvasive ventilation
    • Storre JH, Steurer B, Kabitz HJ, Dreher M, Windisch W. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring during initiation of noninvasive ventilation. Chest 2007;132:1810-1816.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1810-1816
    • Storre, J.H.1    Steurer, B.2    Kabitz, H.J.3    Dreher, M.4    Windisch, W.5
  • 55
    • 32844471203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous arterial carbon dioxide pressure monitoring in critically ill adult patients
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-005-0006-4
    • Rodriguez P, Lellouche F, Aboab J, Buisson CB, Brochard L. Transcutaneous arterial carbon dioxide pressure monitoring in critically ill adult patients. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:309-312. (Pubitemid 43251154)
    • (2006) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-312
    • Rodriguez, P.1    Lellouche, F.2    Aboab, J.3    Buisson, C.B.4    Brochard, L.5
  • 56
    • 0035091857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure
    • DOI 10.1007/s001340000721
    • Evans TW. International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:166-178. (Pubitemid 32208984)
    • (2001) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 166-178
    • Evans, T.W.1
  • 58
    • 0036143181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and pH can be used to screen for significant hypercarbia in emergency patients with acute respiratory disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00431-0, PII S0736467901004310
    • Kelly AM, Kyle E, McAlpine R. Venous pCO2 and pH can be used to screen for significant hypercarbia in emergency patients with acute respiratory disease. J Emerg Med 2002;22:15-19. (Pubitemid 34070602)
    • (2002) Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-19
    • Kelly, A.-M.1    Kyle, E.2    McAlpine, R.3
  • 59
    • 84903644438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Intensive Care Society; Available from Accessed 2014 April 10)
    • Thomas N, Harvey N, Hurst T. Capnography guidelines, 2013. London: Intensive Care Society; Available from: http://www.ics.ac.uk/ics-homepage/ guidelines-standards/. (Accessed 2014 April 10).
    • (2013) Capnography Guidelines
    • Thomas, N.1    Harvey, N.2    Hurst, T.3
  • 60
    • 79955655884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capnography/capnometry during mechanical ventilation: 2011
    • Walsh BK, Crotwell DN, Restrepo RD. Capnography/capnometry during mechanical ventilation: 2011. Respir Care 2011;56: 503-509.
    • (2011) Respir Care , vol.56 , pp. 503-509
    • Walsh, B.K.1    Crotwell, D.N.2    Restrepo, R.D.3
  • 61
    • 78349258536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Part 8: Adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care
    • Neumar RW, Otto CW, Link MS, Kronick SL, Shuster M, Callaway CW, Kudenchuk PJ, Ornato JP, McNally B, Silvers SM, et al. Part 8: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2010;122(18, Suppl 3): S729-S767.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , Issue.18 SUPPL. 3
    • Neumar, R.W.1    Otto, C.W.2    Link, M.S.3    Kronick, S.L.4    Shuster, M.5    Callaway, C.W.6    Kudenchuk, P.J.7    Ornato, J.P.8    McNally, B.9    Silvers, S.M.10
  • 62
    • 33645562584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive monitoring of CO2 levels in patients using NIVfor AECOPD
    • Cox M, Kemp R, Anwar S, Athey V, Aung T, Moloney ED. Non-invasive monitoring of CO2 levels in patients using NIVfor AECOPD. Thorax 2006;61:363-364.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 363-364
    • Cox, M.1    Kemp, R.2    Anwar, S.3    Athey, V.4    Aung, T.5    Moloney, E.D.6
  • 63
    • 48649086063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guideline: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment of acute respiratory failure
    • Schönhofer B, Kuhlen R, Neumann P, Westhoff M, Berndt C, Sitter H. Clinical practice guideline: non-invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment of acute respiratory failure. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2008;105: 424-433.
    • (2008) Dtsch Arztebl Int , vol.105 , pp. 424-433
    • Schönhofer, B.1    Kuhlen, R.2    Neumann, P.3    Westhoff, M.4    Berndt, C.5    Sitter, H.6
  • 65
    • 0342547313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide during respiratory failure in toddlers and infants: End-tidal versus transcutaneous carbon dioxide
    • DOI 10.1097/00000539-199707000-00010
    • Tobias JD, Meyer DJ. Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide during respiratory failure in toddlers and infants: end-tidal versus transcutaneous carbon dioxide. Anesth Analg 1997;85:55-58. (Pubitemid 27342275)
    • (1997) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-58
    • Tobias, J.D.1    Meyer, D.J.2
  • 66
    • 78649936011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous monitoring as a replacement for arterial PCO2 monitoring during nocturnal non-invasive ventilation
    • Storre JH, Magnet FS, Dreher M, Windisch W. Transcutaneous monitoring as a replacement for arterial PCO2 monitoring during nocturnal non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med 2011;105:143-150.
    • (2011) Respir Med , vol.105 , pp. 143-150
    • Storre, J.H.1    Magnet, F.S.2    Dreher, M.3    Windisch, W.4
  • 67
    • 19844363689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements for assessing long-term mechanical ventilation
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.127.5.1744
    • Cuvelier A, Grigoriu B, Molano LC, Muir JF. Limitations of transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements for assessing long-term mechanical ventilation. Chest 2005;127:1744-1748. (Pubitemid 46218803)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , Issue.5 , pp. 1744-1748
    • Cuvelier, A.1    Grigoriu, B.2    Molano, L.C.3    Muir, J.-F.4
  • 68
    • 84868370105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AARC clinical practice guideline: Transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen: 2012
    • Restrepo RD, Hirst KR, Wittnebel L, Wettstein R. AARC clinical practice guideline: transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen: 2012. Respir Care 2012;57:1955-1962.
    • (2012) Respir Care , vol.57 , pp. 1955-1962
    • Restrepo, R.D.1    Hirst, K.R.2    Wittnebel, L.3    Wettstein, R.4
  • 70
    • 69249240156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical impact of leak compensation during non-invasive ventilation
    • Storre JH, Bohm P, Dreher M, Windisch W. Clinical impact of leak compensation during non-invasive ventilation. Respir Med 2009; 103:1477-1483.
    • (2009) Respir Med , vol.103 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Storre, J.H.1    Bohm, P.2    Dreher, M.3    Windisch, W.4
  • 71
    • 49149121752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the lung. 2. Obesity and sleep-disordered breathing
    • Crummy F, Piper AJ, Naughton MT. Obesity and the lung. 2. Obesity and sleep-disordered breathing. Thorax 2008;63:738-746.
    • (2008) Thorax , Issue.63 , pp. 738-746
    • Crummy, F.1    Piper, A.J.2    Naughton, M.T.3
  • 72
    • 67349146817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide monitoring during long-term noninvasive respiratory support in children
    • Paiva R, Krivec U, Aubertin G, Cohen E, Clément A, Fauroux B. Carbon dioxide monitoring during long-term noninvasive respiratory support in children. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:1068-1074.
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Paiva, R.1    Krivec, U.2    Aubertin, G.3    Cohen, E.4    Clément, A.5    Fauroux, B.6
  • 75
    • 84881526953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Accredited by NICE
    • Du Rand IA, Blaikley J, Booton R, Chaudhuri N, Gupta V, Khalid S, Mandal S, Martin J, Mills J, Navani N, et al.; British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guideline Group. British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: accredited by NICE. Thorax 2013;68(Suppl 1):i1-i44.
    • (2013) Thorax , vol.68 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Du Rand, I.A.1    Blaikley, J.2    Booton, R.3    Chaudhuri, N.4    Gupta, V.5    Khalid, S.6    Mandal, S.7    Martin, J.8    Mills, J.9    Navani, N.10
  • 78
    • 77949265936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure: Midazolam versus midazolam plus alfentanil
    • Dreher M, Ekkernkamp E, Storre JH, Kabitz HJ, Windisch W. Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure: midazolam versus midazolam plus alfentanil. Respiration 2010;79:307-314.
    • (2010) Respiration , vol.79 , pp. 307-314
    • Dreher, M.1    Ekkernkamp, E.2    Storre, J.H.3    Kabitz, H.J.4    Windisch, W.5
  • 80
    • 0031840878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in oxygen saturation and transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90005-1
    • Evans EN, Ganeshalingam K, Ebden P. Changes in oxygen saturation and transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Respir Med 1998;92:739-742. (Pubitemid 28279447)
    • (1998) Respiratory Medicine , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 739-742
    • Evans, E.N.1    Ganeshalingam, K.2    Ebden, P.3
  • 81
    • 13644258385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of hypoventilation during thoracoscopy: Combined cutaneous carbon dioxide tension and oximetry monitoring with a new digital sensor
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.127.2.585
    • Chhajed PN, Kaegi B, Rajasekaran R, Tamm M. Detection of hypoventilation during thoracoscopy: combined cutaneous carbon dioxide tension and oximetry monitoring with a new digital sensor. Chest 2005;127:585-588. (Pubitemid 40229321)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 585-588
    • Chhajed, P.N.1    Kaegi, B.2    Rajasekaran, R.3    Tamm, M.4
  • 82
    • 12544256534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined pulse oximetry/cutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitoring during colonoscopies: Pilot study with a smart ear clip
    • Heuss LT, Chhajed PN, Schnieper P, Hirt T, Beglinger C. Combined pulse oximetry/cutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitoring during colonoscopies: pilot study with a smart ear clip. Digestion 2004;70: 152-158.
    • (2004) Digestion , vol.70 , pp. 152-158
    • Heuss, L.T.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Schnieper, P.3    Hirt, T.4    Beglinger, C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.