메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2013, Pages

British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ALFENTANIL; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ATROPINE; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CLONIDINE; CLOPIDOGREL; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; FENOTEROL; FLUMAZENIL; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; LABETALOL; LIDOCAINE; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; OPIATE; PLACEBO; PROPOFOL; SALBUTAMOL;

EID: 84881526953     PISSN: 00406376     EISSN: 14683296     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203618     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (635)

References (303)
  • 2
    • 18844464904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Thoracic Society guidelines on diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy
    • British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guidelines Committee.
    • British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guidelines Committee. British Thoracic Society guidelines on diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. Thorax 2001;56(Suppl 1): i1-21.
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 3
    • 80054862009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Thoracic Society guideline for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in adults
    • Du Rand IA, Barber PV, Goldring J, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in adults. Thorax 2011;66(Suppl 3):iii1-iii21.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Du Rand, I.A.1    Barber, P.V.2    Goldring, J.3
  • 4
    • 65749095144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of complications in bronchoscopy. Multicentre prospective study of 20,986 bronchoscopies
    • Facciolongo N, Patelli M, Gasparini S, et al. Incidence of complications in bronchoscopy. Multicentre prospective study of 20,986 bronchoscopies. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2009;71:8-14.
    • (2009) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.71 , pp. 8-14
    • Facciolongo, N.1    Patelli, M.2    Gasparini, S.3
  • 7
    • 0034955105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible bronchoscopy in the elderly
    • Hehn B, Haponik EF. Flexible bronchoscopy in the elderly. Clin Chest Med 2001;22:301-9. (Pubitemid 32579065)
    • (2001) Clinics in Chest Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-309
    • Hehn, B.1    Haponik, E.F.2
  • 8
    • 76349092226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible bronchoscopy in supine or sitting position: A randomized prospective analysis of safety and patient comfort
    • Van Zwam JP, Kapteijns EFG, Lahey S, et al. Flexible bronchoscopy in supine or sitting position: a randomized prospective analysis of safety and patient comfort. J Bronchol 2010;17:29-32.
    • (2010) J Bronchol , vol.17 , pp. 29-32
    • Van Zwam, J.P.1    Kapteijns, E.F.G.2    Lahey, S.3
  • 9
    • 0036202860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in oxygen saturation in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy [7]
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.121.3.1007
    • Yildiz P, Ozgul A, Yimaz V. Changes in oxygen saturation in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 2002;121:1007-8. (Pubitemid 34251481)
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 1007-1008
    • Yildiz, P.1    Ozgul, A.2    Yilmaz, V.3    Jones, A.M.4    O'Driscoll, B.R.5
  • 11
    • 0028037227 scopus 로고
    • Pulse oximetry during fibreoptic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia: Frequency of hypoxaemia and effect of oxygen supplementation
    • Milman N, Faurschou P, Grode G, et al. Pulse oximetry during fibreoptic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia: frequency of hypoxaemia and effect of oxygen supplementation. Respiration, 1994;61:342-7. (Pubitemid 24329100)
    • (1994) Respiration , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 342-347
    • Milman, N.1    Faurschou, P.2    Grode, G.3    Jorgensen, A.4
  • 12
    • 44849108345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between peak expiratory flow rate before bronchoscopy and arterial oxygen desaturation during bronchoscopy
    • Attaran D, Towhidi M, Amini M, et al. The relationship between peak expiratory flow rate before bronchoscopy and arterial oxygen desaturation during bronchoscopy. Acta Medica Iranica 2008;46:95-8. (Pubitemid 351792684)
    • (2008) Acta Medica Iranica , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-98
    • Attaran, D.1    Towhidi, M.2    Amini, M.3    Toosi, M.4
  • 13
    • 0023877699 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary function in normal subjects after bronchoalveolar lavage
    • Lin CC, Wu JL, Huang WC. Pulmonary function in normal subjects after bronchoalveolar lavage. Chest 1988;93:1049-53.
    • (1988) Chest , vol.93 , pp. 1049-1053
    • Lin, C.C.1    Wu, J.L.2    Huang, W.C.3
  • 15
    • 0026730703 scopus 로고
    • Safety of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies in patients with asthma of variable severity
    • Van Vyve T, Chanez P, Bousquet J, et al. Safety of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies in patients with asthma of variable severity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:116-21.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , pp. 116-121
    • Van Vyve, T.1    Chanez, P.2    Bousquet, J.3
  • 16
    • 0034937758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of patient posture on oxygen saturation during fibre-optic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1053/rmed.2000.0925
    • Meghjee SP, Marshall M, Redfern EJ, et al. Influence of patient posture on oxygen saturation during fibre-optic bronchoscopy. Respir Med 2001;95:5-8. (Pubitemid 32621979)
    • (2001) Respiratory Medicine , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-8
    • Meghjee, S.P.L.1    Marshall, M.2    Redfern, E.J.3    McGivern, D.V.4
  • 17
    • 0022252999 scopus 로고
    • Real-time analysis of the change in arterial oxygen tension during endotracheal suction with a fiberoptic bronchoscope
    • Arai T, Hatano Y, Komatsu K, et al. Real-time analysis of the change in arterial oxygen tension during endotracheal suction with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Crit Care Med 1985;13:855-8. (Pubitemid 15250145)
    • (1985) Critical Care Medicine , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 855-858
    • Arai, T.1    Hatano, Y.2    Komatsu, K.3
  • 18
    • 0019922522 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy performed under topical anesthesia
    • Lundgren R, Haggmark S, Reiz S. Hemodynamic effects of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy performed under topical anesthesia. Chest 1982;82:295-9. (Pubitemid 12012881)
    • (1982) Chest , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-299
    • Lundgren, R.1    Haggmark, S.2    Reiz, S.3
  • 20
    • 0022650181 scopus 로고
    • Effects of transoral and transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy on oxygenation and cardiac rhythm
    • Payne CB Jr, Goyal PC, Gupta SC. Effects of transoral and transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy on oxygenation and cardiac rhythm. Endoscopy 1986;18:1-3. (Pubitemid 16134950)
    • (1986) Endoscopy , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Payne Jr., C.B.1    Goyal, P.C.2    Gupta, S.C.3
  • 21
    • 0034892809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do all patients require supplemental oxygen during flexible bronchoscopy?
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.119.6.1906
    • Jones AM, O'Driscoll R. Do all patients require supplemental oxygen during flexible bronchoscopy? Chest 2001;119:1906-9. (Pubitemid 32744952)
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 1906-1909
    • Jones, A.M.1    O'Driscoll, R.2
  • 22
    • 0020183532 scopus 로고
    • Arterial oxygen saturation and cardiac rhythm during transoral fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Schiffman PL, Westlake RE, Fourre JA, et al. Arterial oxygen saturation and cardiac rhythm during transoral fiberoptic bronchoscopy. J Med Soc N J 1982;79:723-6.
    • (1982) J Med Soc N J , vol.79 , pp. 723-726
    • Schiffman, P.L.1    Westlake, R.E.2    Fourre, J.A.3
  • 23
    • 0024227452 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different volumes of BAL fluid on arterial oxygen saturation
    • Pirozynski M, Sliwinski P, Zielinski J. Effect of different volumes of BAL fluid on arterial oxygen saturation. Eur Respir J 1988;1:943-7. (Pubitemid 19015309)
    • (1988) European Respiratory Journal , vol.1 , Issue.10 , pp. 943-947
    • Pirozynski, M.1    Sliwinski, P.2    Zielinski, J.3
  • 25
    • 0018930471 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage for the preparation of free lung cells: Technique and complications
    • Cole P, Turton C, Lanyon H, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage for the preparation of free lung cells: technique and complications. Br J Dis Chest 1980;74:273-8. (Pubitemid 10039513)
    • (1980) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-278
    • Cole, P.1    Turton, C.2    Lanyon, H.3    Collins, J.4
  • 26
    • 0033222255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on arterial blood gases and cardiac rhythm at a moderate altitude of 2250 meters
    • Sharma GD, Bansal SK, Kashyap S, et al. Effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on arterial blood gases and cardiac rhythm at a moderate altitude of 2250 meters. J Assoc Physicians India 1999;47:1056-9.
    • (1999) J Assoc Physicians India , vol.47 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Sharma, G.D.1    Bansal, S.K.2    Kashyap, S.3
  • 27
    • 0021130158 scopus 로고
    • The influence of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage on arterial blood gas changes occurring in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease
    • Hendy MS, Bateman JR, Stableforth DE. The influence of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage on arterial blood gas changes occurring in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. Br J Dis Chest 1984;78:363-8. (Pubitemid 14031836)
    • (1984) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-368
    • Hendy, M.S.1    Bateman, J.R.M.2    Stableforth, D.E.3
  • 28
    • 41849133573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of the double product during flexible bronchoscopy: Effects of uncontrolled hypertension and the use of β-blockade
    • DOI 10.1097/LBR.0b013e318169e2e8, PII 0012859420080400000003
    • Ouellette DR, Diaz J. Elevation of the double product during flexible bronchoscopy: effects of uncontrolled hypertension and the use of beta-blockade. J Bronchol 2008;15:73-7. (Pubitemid 351498791)
    • (2008) Journal of Bronchology , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-77
    • Ouellette, D.R.1    Diaz, J.2
  • 30
    • 0019426008 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrhythmias. Frequency during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and correlation with hypoxemia
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.141.5.603
    • Katz AS, Michelson EL, Stawicki J, et al. Cardiac arrhythmias. Frequency during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and correlation with hypoxemia. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:603-6. (Pubitemid 11150093)
    • (1981) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.141 , Issue.5 , pp. 603-606
    • Katz, A.S.1    Michelson, E.L.2    Stawicki, J.3    Holford, F.D.4
  • 31
    • 0030461574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the safety of bronchoscopy after recent acute myocardial infarction
    • Dweik RA, Mehta AC, Meeker DP, et al. Analysis of the safety of bronchoscopy after recent acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1996;110:825-8. (Pubitemid 27009312)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 825-828
    • Dweik, R.A.1    Mehta, A.C.2    Meeker, D.P.3    Arroliga, A.C.4
  • 32
    • 33645110606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of routine clopidogrel use on bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy in humans
    • Ernst A, Eberhardt R, Wahidi M, et al. Effect of routine clopidogrel use on bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy in humans. Chest 2006;129:734-7.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 734-737
    • Ernst, A.1    Eberhardt, R.2    Wahidi, M.3
  • 33
    • 0028031426 scopus 로고
    • Do 'screening' coagulation tests predict bleeding in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy?
    • Kozak EA, Brath LK. Do 'screening' coagulation tests predict bleeding in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy with biopsy? Chest 1994;106:703-5. (Pubitemid 24278867)
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 703-705
    • Kozak, E.A.1    Brath, L.K.2
  • 34
    • 0026091184 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopically induced bleeding. A summary of nine years' Cleveland clinic experience and review of the literature
    • Cordasco EM Jr, Mehta AC, Ahmad M. Bronchoscopically induced bleeding. A summary of nine years' Cleveland clinic experience and review of the literature. Chest 1991;100:1141-7.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Cordasco Jr., E.M.1    Mehta, A.C.2    Ahmad, M.3
  • 35
    • 0031728857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies: Measurement of bleeding volume and evaluation of the predictive value of coagulation tests
    • Bjortuff O, Brosstad F, Boe J. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies: measurement of bleeding volume and evaluation of the predictive value of coagulation tests. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1025-7. (Pubitemid 28545606)
    • (1998) European Respiratory Journal , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 1025-1027
    • Bjortuft, O.1    Brosstad, F.2    Boe, J.3
  • 36
    • 0032961496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The higher risk of bleeding in lung transplant recipients from bronchoscopy is independent of traditional bleeding risks: Results of a prospective cohort study
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.115.2.397
    • Diette GB, Wiener CM, White P Jr. The higher risk of bleeding in lung transplant recipients from bronchoscopy is independent of traditional bleeding risks: results of a prospective cohort study. Chest 1999;115:397-402. (Pubitemid 29083047)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.2 , pp. 397-402
    • Diette, G.B.1    Wiener, C.M.2    White Jr., P.3
  • 37
    • 0027358959 scopus 로고
    • Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in thrombocytopenic patients
    • Weiss SM, Hert RC, Gianola FJ, et al. Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in thrombocytopenic patients. Chest 1993;104:1025-8. (Pubitemid 23306045)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 1025-1028
    • Weiss, S.M.1    Hert, R.C.2    Gianola, F.J.3    Clark, J.G.4    Crawford, S.W.5
  • 38
    • 16444375395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should renal insufficiency be a relative contraindication to bronchoscopic biopsy?
    • DOI 10.1097/01.laboratory.0000154043.28615.01
    • Mehta NL, Harkin TJ, Rom WN, et al. Should renal insufficiency be a relative contraindication to bronchoscopic biopsy? J Bronchol 2005;12:81-3. (Pubitemid 40478373)
    • (2005) Journal of Bronchology , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-83
    • Mehta, N.L.1    Harkin, T.J.2    Rom, W.N.3    Graap, W.4    Addrizzo-Harris, D.J.5
  • 39
    • 0028836512 scopus 로고
    • Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy at a university hospital
    • Pue CA, Pacht ER. Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy at a university hospital. Chest 1995;107:430-2.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 430-432
    • Pue, C.A.1    Pacht, E.R.2
  • 40
    • 0021378736 scopus 로고
    • Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a community hospital
    • Prickett C, LeGrand P. Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a community hospital. Ala Med 1984;53:25-7.
    • (1984) Ala Med , vol.53 , pp. 25-27
    • Prickett, C.1    Legrand, P.2
  • 42
    • 0035104818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital charges attributable to bronchoscopy-related complications in outpatients
    • DOI 10.1159/000050465
    • Colt HG, Matsuo T. Hospital charges attributable to bronchoscopy-related complications in outpatients. Respiration 2001;68:67-72. (Pubitemid 32172957)
    • (2001) Respiration , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-72
    • Colt, H.G.1    Matsuo, T.2
  • 43
    • 0028099230 scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial lung biopsy through the fibre optic bronchoscope. Results and complications in 452 examinations
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(05)80197-0
    • Milman N, Faurschou P, Munch EP, et al. Transbronchial lung biopsy through the fibre optic bronchoscope. Results and complications in 452 examinations. Respir Med 1994;88:749-53. (Pubitemid 24356545)
    • (1994) Respiratory Medicine , vol.88 , Issue.10 , pp. 749-753
    • Milman, N.1    Faurschou, P.2    Munch, E.P.3    Grode, G.4
  • 44
    • 33745143988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is routine chest radiography after transbronchial biopsy necessary? A prospective study of 350 cases
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.129.6.1561
    • Izbicki G, Shitrit D, Yarmolovsky A, et al. Is routine chest radiography after transbronchial biopsy necessary? A prospective study of 350 cases. Chest 2006;129:1561-4. (Pubitemid 43894986)
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1561-1564
    • Izbicki, G.1    Shitrit, D.2    Yarmolovsky, A.3    Bendayan, D.4    Miller, G.5    Fink, G.6    Mazar, A.7    Kramer, M.R.8
  • 45
    • 19044367303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications, diagnostic yields and complications of transbronchial biopsy over 5 years in the State of Qatar
    • Ibrahim AS, Allangawi MH, Sattar HA, et al. Indications, diagnostic yields and complications of transbronchial biopsy over 5 years in the State of Qatar. Saudi Med J 2005;26:641-5. (Pubitemid 40711453)
    • (2005) Saudi Medical Journal , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 641-645
    • Ibrahim, A.S.1    Allangawi, M.H.2    Sattar, H.A.3    Mobyed, H.S.4    Almohammed, A.A.5
  • 46
    • 0023378771 scopus 로고
    • Complications in transbronchial lung biopsy
    • Hue SH. Complications in transbronchial lung biopsy. Korean J Intern Med 1987;2:209-13.
    • (1987) Korean J Intern Med , vol.2 , pp. 209-213
    • Hue, S.H.1
  • 47
    • 0022461268 scopus 로고
    • The safety of outpatient transbronchial biopsy
    • Ahmad M, Livingston DR, Golish JA, et al. The safety of outpatient transbronchial biopsy. Chest 1986;90:403-5. (Pubitemid 16014378)
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-405
    • Ahmad, M.1    Livingston, D.R.2    Golish, J.A.3
  • 48
    • 0024417562 scopus 로고
    • Immediate chest roentgenography following fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Milam MG, Evins AE, Sahn SA. Immediate chest roentgenography following fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 1989;96:477-9. (Pubitemid 19230363)
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-479
    • Milam, M.G.1    Evins, A.E.2    Sahn, S.A.3
  • 49
    • 78651487513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of fever and bacteriemia following flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A prospective study
    • Sharif-Kashani B, Shahabi P, Behzadnia N, et al. Incidence of fever and bacteriemia following flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a prospective study. Acta Medica Iranica 2010;48:385-8.
    • (2010) Acta Medica Iranica , vol.48 , pp. 385-388
    • Sharif-Kashani, B.1    Shahabi, P.2    Behzadnia, N.3
  • 50
    • 1642284306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of postbronchoscopy fever
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.125.3.945
    • Um S-W, Choi C-M, Lee C-T, et al. Prospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of postbronchoscopy fever. Chest 2004;125:945-52. (Pubitemid 38367285)
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 945-952
    • Um, S.-W.1    Choi, C.-M.2    Lee, C.-T.3    Kim, Y.W.4    Han, S.K.5    Shim, Y.-S.6    Yoo, C.-G.7
  • 51
    • 33745134104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute phase reaction in healthy volunteers after bronchoscopy with lavage
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.129.6.1565
    • Huang JCT, Bassett MA, Levin D, et al. Acute phase reaction in healthy volunteers after bronchoscopy with lavage. Chest 2006;129:1565-9. (Pubitemid 43894987)
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1565-1569
    • Huang, J.-C.T.1    Bassett, M.A.2    Levin, D.3    Mantilla, T.4    Ghio, A.J.5
  • 53
    • 79952858755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on postbronchoscopy fever: A randomised controlled study
    • Park JS, Lee CH, Yim JJ, et al. Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on postbronchoscopy fever: a randomised controlled study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011;15:528-35.
    • (2011) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.15 , pp. 528-535
    • Park, J.S.1    Lee, C.H.2    Yim, J.J.3
  • 54
    • 0023183906 scopus 로고
    • Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis
    • Haynes J, Greenstone MA. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Br Med J Clin Res ed 1987;294:1199. (Pubitemid 17070675)
    • (1987) British Medical Journal , vol.294 , Issue.6581 , pp. 1199
    • Haynes, J.1    Greenstone, M.A.2
  • 56
    • 84881528044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis (CG64). London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
    • Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis (CG64). London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 57
    • 0026033668 scopus 로고
    • The safety aspects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and endobronchial biopsy in asthma
    • Djukanovic R, Wilson JW, Lai CK, et al. The safety aspects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and endobronchial biopsy in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143(4 Pt 1):772-7.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 772-777
    • Djukanovic, R.1    Wilson, J.W.2    Lai, C.K.3
  • 58
    • 79960993627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of investigative bronchoscopy in the Severe Asthma Research Program
    • e3
    • Moore WC, Evans MD, Bleecker ER, et al. Safety of investigative bronchoscopy in the Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:328-36.e3.
    • (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 328-336
    • Moore, W.C.1    Evans, M.D.2    Bleecker, E.R.3
  • 59
    • 34250370359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of three consecutive bronchoscopies after allergen challenge in volunteers with mild asthma [2]
    • DOI 10.1136/thx.2006.073775
    • Kariyawasam HH, Aizen M, Kay AB, et al. Safety and tolerability of three consecutive bronchoscopies after allergen challenge in volunteers with mild asthma. Thorax 2007;62:557-8. (Pubitemid 46910141)
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 557-558
    • Kariyawasam, H.H.1    Aizen, M.2    Kay, A.B.3    Robinson, D.S.4
  • 60
    • 0021237829 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage. Its safety in subjects with mild asthma
    • Rankin JA, Snyder PE, Schachter EN, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage. Its safety in subjects with mild asthma. Chest 1984;85:723-8. (Pubitemid 14121915)
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 723-728
    • Rankin, J.A.1    Snyder, P.E.2    Schachter, E.N.3    Matthay, R.A.4
  • 61
    • 0029947721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in asthmatic and control subjects and effect on asthma control over two weeks
    • Humbert M, Robinson DS, Assoufi B, et al. Safety of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in asthmatic and control subjects and effect on asthma control over two weeks. Thorax 1996;51:664-9. (Pubitemid 26228589)
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 664-669
    • Humbert, M.1    Robinson, D.S.2    Assoufi, B.3    Kay, A.B.4    Durham, S.R.5
  • 63
    • 0036591415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigative bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy is well tolerated in hyperreactive asthma patients
    • DOI 10.1053/rmed.2002.1304
    • Tapanainen L, Lindqvist A, Halme M, et al. Investigative bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy is well tolerated in hyperreactive asthma patients. Respir Med 2002;96:466-8. (Pubitemid 36443165)
    • (2002) Respiratory Medicine , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 466-468
    • Tapanainen, L.1    Lindqvist, A.2    Halme, M.3    Laitinen, L.A.4
  • 64
    • 0025100855 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fibreoptic bronchoscopy on pulmonary function
    • Peacock AJ, Benson-Mitchell R, Godfrey R. Effect of fibreoptic bronchoscopy on pulmonary function. Thorax 1990;45:38-41. (Pubitemid 20046488)
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-41
    • Peacock, A.J.1    Benson-Mitchell, R.2    Godfrey, R.3
  • 65
    • 0033845336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible bronchoscopy in patients with hypercapnia
    • Chechani V. Flexible bronchoscopy in patients with hypercapnia. J Bronchol 2000;7:226-32. (Pubitemid 30663157)
    • (2000) Journal of Bronchology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-232
    • Chechani, V.1
  • 66
    • 33947408141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bronchodilators for bronchoscopy in patients with COPD
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.06-2308
    • Stolz D, Pollak V, Chhajed PN, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bronchodilators for bronchoscopy in patients with COPD. Chest 2007;131:765-72. (Pubitemid 46446868)
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , Issue.3 , pp. 765-772
    • Stolz, D.1    Pollak, V.2    Chhajed, P.N.3    Gysin, C.4    Pflimlin, E.5    Tamm, M.6
  • 68
    • 0032254088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in coronary care unit patients: Indications, safety, and clinical implications
    • Dunagan DP, Burke HL, Aquino SL, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in coronary care unit patients: indications, safety, and clinical implications. Chest 1998;114:1660-7. (Pubitemid 128487490)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.6 , pp. 1660-1667
    • Dunagan, D.P.1    Burke, H.L.2    Aquino, S.L.3    Chin Jr., R.4    Adair, N.E.5    Haponik, E.F.6
  • 69
    • 37449014922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCAHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery
    • Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery. Circulation 2007;116:e418-500.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116
    • Fleisher, L.A.1    Beckman, J.A.2    Brown, K.A.3
  • 71
    • 70349653820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is investigation of patients with haemoptysis and normal chest radiograph justified?
    • Thirumaran M, Sundar R, Sutcliffe IM, et al. Is investigation of patients with haemoptysis and normal chest radiograph justified? Thorax 2009;64:854-6.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , pp. 854-856
    • Thirumaran, M.1    Sundar, R.2    Sutcliffe, I.M.3
  • 72
    • 0023194577 scopus 로고
    • Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly
    • O'Hickey S, Hilton AM. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly. Age Ageing 1987;16:229-33. (Pubitemid 17105550)
    • (1987) Age and Ageing , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 229-233
    • O'Hickey, S.1    Hilton, A.M.2
  • 73
    • 0019495983 scopus 로고
    • Safety, usefulness and acceptability of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly
    • Macfarlane JT, Storr A, Wart MJ, et al. Safety, usefulness and acceptability of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly. Age Ageing 1981;10:127-31. (Pubitemid 11098707)
    • (1981) Age and Ageing , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-131
    • MacFarlane, J.T.1    Storr, A.2    Ward, M.J.3    Smith, W.H.R.4
  • 74
    • 0023712322 scopus 로고
    • Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly: 4 years' experience
    • Knox AJ, Mascie-Taylor BH, Page RL. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly: 4 years' experience. Br J Dis Chest 1988;82:290-3.
    • (1988) Br J Dis Chest , vol.82 , pp. 290-293
    • Knox, A.J.1    Mascie-Taylor, B.H.2    Page, R.L.3
  • 77
    • 37549015990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic bronchoscopy in hematology and oncology patients with acute respiratory failure: Prospective multicenter data
    • Azoulay E, Mokart D, Rabbat A, et al. Diagnostic bronchoscopy in hematology and oncology patients with acute respiratory failure: prospective multicenter data. Crit Care Med 2008;36:100-7.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 100-107
    • Azoulay, E.1    Mokart, D.2    Rabbat, A.3
  • 78
    • 0031019998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates following bone marrow transplantation
    • Dunagan DP, Baker AM, Hurd DD, et al. Bronchoscopic evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates following bone marrow transplantation. Chest 1997;111:135-41. (Pubitemid 27043620)
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-141
    • Dunagan, D.P.1    Baker, A.M.2    Hurd, D.D.3    Haponik, E.F.4
  • 79
    • 33750545588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective utility of bronchoscopy after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705505, PII 1705505
    • Hofmeister CC, Czerlanis C, Forsythe S, et al. Retrospective utility of bronchoscopy after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006;38:693-8. (Pubitemid 44669685)
    • (2006) Bone Marrow Transplantation , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 693-698
    • Hofmeister, C.C.1    Czerlanis, C.2    Forsythe, S.3    Stiff, P.J.4
  • 80
    • 0034796972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Findings in the era of serum cytomegalovirus antigen surveillance
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.120.4.1094
    • Feinstein MB, Mokhtari M, Ferreiro R, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: findings in the era of serum cytomegalovirus antigen surveillance. Chest 2001;120:1094-100. (Pubitemid 32960077)
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 1094-1100
    • Feinstein, M.B.1    Mokhtari, M.2    Ferreiro, R.3    Stover, D.E.4    Jakubowski, A.5
  • 81
    • 1242284325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of flexible bronchoscopy in immunocompromised patients with lung infiltrates
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.125.2.712
    • Jain P, Sandur S, Meli Y, et al. Role of flexible bronchoscopy in immunocompromised patients with lung infiltrates. Chest 2004;125:712-22. (Pubitemid 38223654)
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 712-722
    • Jain, P.1    Sandur, S.2    Meli, Y.3    Arroliga, A.C.4    Stoller, J.K.5    Mehta, A.C.6
  • 82
    • 77950627898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of early versus late fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Shannon VR, Andersson BS, Lei X, et al. Utility of early versus late fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of new pulmonary infiltrates following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010;45:647-55.
    • (2010) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.45 , pp. 647-655
    • Shannon, V.R.1    Andersson, B.S.2    Lei, X.3
  • 83
    • 0141540836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1016/S0272-5231(03)00050-9
    • Chhajed PN, Glanville AR. Management of hypoxemia during flexible bronchoscopy. Clin Chest Med 2003;24:511-16. (Pubitemid 37169597)
    • (2003) Clinics in Chest Medicine , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 511-516
    • Chhajed, P.N.1    Glanville, A.R.2
  • 84
    • 54249102540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients: Risk versus benefit
    • McWilliams TJ, Williams TJ, Whitford HM, et al. Surveillance bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients: risk versus benefit. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008;27:1203-9.
    • (2008) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.27 , pp. 1203-1209
    • McWilliams, T.J.1    Williams, T.J.2    Whitford, H.M.3
  • 85
    • 84855989971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of potential risk factors for early complications from fiberoptic bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients
    • Smith L, Singer JP, Hayes M, et al. An analysis of potential risk factors for early complications from fiberoptic bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2012;25:172-8.
    • (2012) Transpl Int , vol.25 , pp. 172-178
    • Smith, L.1    Singer, J.P.2    Hayes, M.3
  • 87
    • 68849105575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic premedication for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atropine and glycopyrrolate
    • Malik JA, Gupta D, Agarwal AN, et al. Anticholinergic premedication for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atropine and glycopyrrolate. Chest 2009;136:347-54.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 347-354
    • Malik, J.A.1    Gupta, D.2    Agarwal, A.N.3
  • 88
    • 0031954756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of atropine premedication in fiberoptic bronchoscopy using intravenous midazolam sedation
    • Williams T, Brooks T, Ward C. The role of atropine premedication in fiberoptic bronchoscopy using intravenous midazolam sedation. Chest 1998;113:1394-8. (Pubitemid 28223834)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 1394-1398
    • Williams, T.1    Brooks, T.2    Ward, C.3
  • 90
    • 0034523486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation in outpatient bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1053/rmed.2000.0926
    • Matot I, Kramer MR. Sedation in outpatient bronchoscopy. Respir Med 2000;94:1145-53. (Pubitemid 32049239)
    • (2000) Respiratory Medicine , vol.94 , Issue.12 , pp. 1145-1153
    • Matot, I.1    Kramer, M.R.2
  • 92
    • 44749092241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine and opioid sedation attenuate the sympathetic response to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Prophylactic labetalol gave no additional benefit. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Fox BD, Krylov Y, Leon P, et al. Benzodiazepine and opioid sedation attenuate the sympathetic response to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Prophylactic labetalol gave no additional benefit. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Respir Med 2008;102:978-83.
    • (2008) Respir Med , vol.102 , pp. 978-983
    • Fox, B.D.1    Krylov, Y.2    Leon, P.3
  • 93
    • 0023805597 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of bronchofiberscopy-induced cough by an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol
    • Vesco D, Kleisbauer JP, Orehek J. Attenuation of bronchofiberscopy- induced cough by an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:805-6.
    • (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.138 , pp. 805-806
    • Vesco, D.1    Kleisbauer, J.P.2    Orehek, J.3
  • 94
    • 34249742654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dextromethorphan premedication reduces midazolam requirement: Objective and subjective parameters in peribronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1159/000099334
    • Schwarz Y, Greif J, Lurie O, et al. Dextromethorphan premedication reduces midazolam requirement: objective and subjective parameters in peribronchoscopy. Respiration 2007;74:314-19. (Pubitemid 46828142)
    • (2007) Respiration , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-319
    • Schwarz, Y.1    Greif, J.2    Lurie, O.3    Tarrasch, R.4    Weinbroum, A.A.5
  • 95
    • 0029919578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy
    • Maltais F, Laberge F, Laviolette M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy. Chest 1996;109:1195-8. (Pubitemid 26145655)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Maltais, F.1    Laberge, F.2    Laviolette, M.3
  • 97
    • 0036196544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the United Kingdom
    • DOI 10.1183/09031936.02.00103702
    • Smyth CM, Stead RJ. Survey of flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the United Kingdom. Eur Respir J 2002;19:458-63. (Pubitemid 34256959)
    • (2002) European Respiratory Journal , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 458-463
    • Smyth, C.M.1    Stead, R.J.2
  • 98
    • 0032897656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient satisfaction with conscious sedation for bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.115.5.1437
    • Putinati S, Ballerin L, Corbetta L, et al. Patient satisfaction with conscious sedation for bronchoscopy. Chest 1999;115:1437-40. (Pubitemid 29230659)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 1437-1440
    • Putinati, S.1    Ballerin, L.2    Corbctta, L.3    Trcvisani, L.4    Potcna, A.5
  • 101
    • 58249124362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy
    • Silvestri GA, Vincent BD, Wahidi MM, et al. A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Chest 2009;135:41-7.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 41-47
    • Silvestri, G.A.1    Vincent, B.D.2    Wahidi, M.M.3
  • 103
    • 68949088089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of patient satisfaction and lidocaine requirement during flexible bronchoscopy without sedation
    • De S. Assessment of patient satisfaction and lidocaine requirement during flexible bronchoscopy without sedation. J Bronchol 2009;16:176-9.
    • (2009) J Bronchol , vol.16 , pp. 176-179
    • De, S.1
  • 104
    • 34347349222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsedated flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the resident clinic: Technique and patient satisfaction
    • DOI 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31806009e6
    • Morris LG, Zeitler DM, Amin MR. Unsedated flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the resident clinic: technique and patient satisfaction. Laryngoscope 2007;117:1159-62. (Pubitemid 47015662)
    • (2007) Laryngoscope , vol.117 , Issue.7 , pp. 1159-1162
    • Morris, L.G.1    Zeitler, D.M.2    Amin, M.R.3
  • 106
    • 84881504197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Royal College of Anaesthestists. Implementing and ensuring safe sedation practice for healthcare procedures in adults. UK Academy of Medical Royal Colleges and their Faculties.(accessed Jun 2013)
    • The Royal College of Anaesthestists. Implementing and ensuring safe sedation practice for healthcare procedures in adults. UK Academy of Medical Royal Colleges and their Faculties. 2001. http://www.rcoa.ac.uk/node/2270 (accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2001)
  • 107
    • 0016400110 scopus 로고
    • Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone
    • Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, et al. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J 1974;2:656-9.
    • (1974) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 656-659
    • Ramsay, M.A.1    Savege, T.M.2    Simpson, B.R.3
  • 109
    • 0027490175 scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of propofol and midazolam as sedative agents in fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Clarkson K, Power CK, O'Connell F, et al. A comparative evaluation of propofol and midazolam as sedative agents in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 1993;104:1029-31. (Pubitemid 23306046)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 1029-1031
    • Clarkson, K.1    Power, C.K.2    O'Connell, F.3    Pathmakanthan, S.4    Burke, C.M.5
  • 110
    • 73249128438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titrated sedation with propofol or midazolam for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomised trial
    • Clark G, Licker M, Younossian AB, et al. Titrated sedation with propofol or midazolam for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1277-83.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , pp. 1277-1283
    • Clark, G.1    Licker, M.2    Younossian, A.B.3
  • 113
    • 4844220204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-medication for bronchoscopy: A randomised double blind trial comparing alfentanil with midazolam
    • DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.023, PII S0954611104001519
    • Houghton CM, Raghuram A, Sullivan PJ, et al. Pre-medication for bronchoscopy: a randomised double blind trial comparing alfentanil with midazolam. Respir Med 2004;98:1102-7. (Pubitemid 39317940)
    • (2004) Respiratory Medicine , vol.98 , Issue.11 , pp. 1102-1107
    • Houghton, C.M.1    Raghuram, A.2    Sullivan, P.J.3    O'Driscoll, R.4
  • 114
    • 25444472368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alfetanil and ketamine in combination with propofol for patient-controlled sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00842.x
    • Hwang J, Jeon Y, Park HP, et al. Comparison of alfetanil and ketamine in combination with propofol for patient-controlled sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005;49:1334-8. (Pubitemid 41375060)
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 1334-1338
    • Hwang, J.1    Jeon, Y.2    Park, H.-P.3    Lim, Y.-J.4    Oh, Y.-S.5
  • 115
    • 81755176085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of bispectral index-guided propofol infusion for flexible bronchoscopy sedation: A randomized controlled trial
    • Lo YL, Lin TY, Fang YF, et al. Feasibility of bispectral index-guided propofol infusion for flexible bronchoscopy sedation: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2011;6:e27769.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Lo, Y.L.1    Lin, T.Y.2    Fang, Y.F.3
  • 116
    • 80053081077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus propofol plus hydrocodone for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomised study
    • Schlatter L, Pflimlin E, Fehrke B, et al. Propofol versus propofol plus hydrocodone for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised study. Eur Respir J 2011;38:529-37.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.38 , pp. 529-537
    • Schlatter, L.1    Pflimlin, E.2    Fehrke, B.3
  • 117
    • 4544223587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy using combined sedation with midazolam and hvdrocodone: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1136/thx.2003.019836
    • Stolz D, Chhajed PN, Leuppi JD, et al. Cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy using combined sedation with midazolam and hydrocodone: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Thorax 2004;59:773-6. (Pubitemid 39215374)
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , Issue.9 , pp. 773-776
    • Stolz, D.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Leuppi, J.D.3    Brutsche, M.4    Pflimlin, E.5    Tamm, M.6
  • 118
    • 71049142746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus combined sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: A randomised non-inferiority trial
    • Stolz D, Kurer G, Meyer A, et al. Propofol versus combined sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1024-30.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , pp. 1024-1030
    • Stolz, D.1    Kurer, G.2    Meyer, A.3
  • 120
    • 77949265936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure: Midazolam versus midazolam plus alfentanil
    • Dreher M, Ekkernkamp E, Storre JH, et al. Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in patients with pre-existing respiratory failure: midazolam versus midazolam plus alfentanil. Respiration 2010;79:307-14.
    • (2010) Respiration , vol.79 , pp. 307-314
    • Dreher, M.1    Ekkernkamp, E.2    Storre, J.H.3
  • 121
    • 0018133529 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on amnesia and sedation induced by flunitrazepam during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy
    • Korttila K, Saarnivaara L, Tarkkanen J, et al. Effect of age on amnesia and sedation induced by flunitrazepam during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. Br J Anaesth 1978;50:1211-18. (Pubitemid 9077697)
    • (1978) British Journal of Anaesthesia , vol.50 , Issue.12 , pp. 1211-1218
    • Korttila, K.1    Saarnivaara, L.2    Tarkkanen, J.3
  • 124
    • 33646924594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of sedation during flexible bronchoscopy among substance and nonsubstance users
    • DOI 10.1097/01.lbr.0000212501.22780.b8, PII 0012859420060400000004
    • Diaz-Fuentes G, Dalvi A, Blum S, et al. Requirement of sedation during flexible bronchoscopy among substance and nonsubstance users. J Bronchol 2006;13:58-60. (Pubitemid 43791946)
    • (2006) Journal of Bronchology , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 58-60
    • Diaz-Fuentes, G.1    Dalvi, A.2    Blum, S.3    Sanchez, S.4    Sy, S.5    Sy, E.6
  • 125
    • 69049117352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy
    • Antoniades N, Worsnop C. Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy. Respirology 2009;14:873-6.
    • (2009) Respirology , vol.14 , pp. 873-876
    • Antoniades, N.1    Worsnop, C.2
  • 126
    • 61949354299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methemoglobinemia related to local anesthetics: A summary of 242 episodes
    • Guay J. Methemoglobinemia related to local anesthetics: a summary of 242 episodes. Anesth Analg 2009;108:837-45.
    • (2009) Anesth Analg , vol.108 , pp. 837-845
    • Guay, J.1
  • 127
    • 0042622418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratracheal cocaine induced myocardial infarction: An unusual complication of fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.733
    • Osula S, Stockton P, Abdelaziz MM, et al. Intratracheal cocaine induced myocardial infarction: an unusual complication of fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Thorax 2003;58:733-4. (Pubitemid 36976288)
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , Issue.8 , pp. 733-734
    • Osula, S.1    Stockton, P.2    Abdelaziz, M.M.3    Walshaw, M.J.4
  • 128
    • 0034873074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine on the coronary arteries
    • DOI 10.1067/mhj.2001.117607
    • Benzaquen BS, Cohen V, Eisenberg MJ. Effects of cocaine on the coronary arteries. Am Heart J 2001;142:402-10. (Pubitemid 32801623)
    • (2001) American Heart Journal , vol.142 , Issue.3 , pp. 402-410
    • Benzaquen, B.S.1    Cohen, V.2    Eisenberg, M.J.3
  • 129
    • 0026558385 scopus 로고
    • Topical anaesthesia of the nasal mucosa for fibreoptic airway endoscopy
    • Randell T, Yli-Hankala A, Valli H, et al. Topical anaesthesia of the nasal mucosa for fibreoptic airway endoscopy. Br J Anaesth 1992;68:164-7.
    • (1992) Br J Anaesth , vol.68 , pp. 164-167
    • Randell, T.1    Yli-Hankala, A.2    Valli, H.3
  • 130
    • 0024319770 scopus 로고
    • Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Patients' preference for lignocaine gel
    • Webb AR, Woodhead MA, Dalton HR, et al. Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: patients' preference for lignocaine gel. Thorax 1989;44:674-5. (Pubitemid 19197240)
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 674-675
    • Webb, A.R.1    Woodhead, M.A.2    Dalton, H.R.3    Grigg, J.A.4    Millard, F.J.C.5
  • 131
    • 0027278467 scopus 로고
    • Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Lignocaine spray or gel?
    • Zainudin BM, Rafia MH, Sufarlan AW. Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: lignocaine spray or gel? Singapore Med J 1993;34:148-9. (Pubitemid 23185356)
    • (1993) Singapore Medical Journal , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-149
    • Zainudin, B.M.Z.1    Rafia, M.H.2    Sufarlan, A.W.3
  • 132
    • 0026803251 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized and sprayed topical anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Keane D, McNicholas WT. Comparison of nebulized and sprayed topical anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Eur Respir J 1992;5:1123-5.
    • (1992) Eur Respir J , vol.5 , pp. 1123-1125
    • Keane, D.1    McNicholas, W.T.2
  • 133
    • 0025078122 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy - Where are we now?
    • Webb J. Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy - where are we now? Respir Med 1990;84:349-50. (Pubitemid 20287407)
    • (1990) Respiratory Medicine , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 349-350
    • Webb, J.1
  • 134
    • 0025057303 scopus 로고
    • A jet nebuliser for delivery of topical anaesthesia to the respiratory tract. A comparison with cricothyroid puncture and direct spraying for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Isaac PA, Barry JE, Vaughan RS, et al. A jet nebuliser for delivery of topical anesthesia to the respiratory tract. A comparison with cricothyroid puncture and direct spraying for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Anaesthesia 1990;45:46-8. (Pubitemid 20055563)
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-48
    • Isaac, P.A.1    Barry, J.E.2    Vaughan, R.S.3    Rosen Newcombe, M.R.G.4
  • 135
    • 24944508054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulized lidocaine for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.128.3.1756
    • Stolz D, Chhajed PN, Leuppi J, et al. Nebulized lidocaine for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chest 2005;128:1756-60. (Pubitemid 41324473)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 1756-1760
    • Stolz, D.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Leuppi, J.3    Pflimlin, E.4    Tamm, M.5
  • 136
    • 41849118056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized-controlled trial to study the equivalence of 1% versus 2% lignocaine in cough suppression and satisfaction during bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1097/LBR.0b013e31816b653c, PII 0012859420080400000004
    • Hasmoni MH, Rani MFA, Harun R, et al. Randomized-controlled trial to study the equivalence of 1%versus 2%lignocaine in cough suppression and satisfaction during bronchoscopy. J Bronchol Interv Pulmonol 2008;15:78-82. (Pubitemid 351498792)
    • (2008) Journal of Bronchology , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 78-82
    • Hasmoni, M.H.1    Rani, M.F.A.2    Harun, R.3    Manap, R.A.4    Tajudin, N.A.A.5    Anshar, F.Md.6
  • 138
    • 59649105980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia in patients with a difficult airway: A randomized, double-blind comparison of 2%and 4%lidocaine
    • Xue FS, Liu HP, He N, et al. Spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia in patients with a difficult airway: a randomized, double-blind comparison of 2%and 4%lidocaine. Anesth Analg 2009;108:536-43.
    • (2009) Anesth Analg , vol.108 , pp. 536-543
    • Xue, F.S.1    Liu, H.P.2    He, N.3
  • 139
    • 0020041285 scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of lignocaine during fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Efthimiou J, Higenbottam T, Holt D, et al. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine during fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Thorax 1982;37:68-71. (Pubitemid 12192073)
    • (1982) Thorax , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-71
    • Efthimiou, J.1    Higenbottam, T.2    Holt, D.3    Cochrane, G.M.4
  • 140
    • 0031889274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of lignocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide during fibre-optic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90030-0
    • Milman N, Laub M, Munch EP, et al. Serum concentrations of lignocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide during fibre-optic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia. Respir Med 1998;92:40-3. (Pubitemid 28112040)
    • (1998) Respiratory Medicine , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-43
    • Milman, N.1    Laub, M.2    Munch, E.P.3    Angelo, H.R.4
  • 141
    • 37849027935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of high dose lidocaine in flexible bronchoscopy
    • Frey WC, Emmons EE, Morris MJ. Safety of high dose lidocaine in flexible bronchoscopy. J Bronchol 2008;15:33-7.
    • (2008) J Bronchol , vol.15 , pp. 33-37
    • Frey, W.C.1    Emmons, E.E.2    Morris, M.J.3
  • 142
    • 4143149698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective nonanatomical endoscopy training produces clinical airway endoscopy proficiency
    • DOI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000132998.19872.58
    • Martin KM, Larsen PD, Segal R, et al. Effective nonanatomical endoscopy training produces clinical airway endoscopy proficiency. Anesth Analg 2004;99:938-44. (Pubitemid 39100393)
    • (2004) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 938-944
    • Martin, K.M.1    Larsen, P.D.2    Segal, R.3    Marsland, C.P.4
  • 143
    • 0034049154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lidocaine concentrations in asthmatics undergoing research bronchoscopy
    • Langmack EL, Martin RJ, Pak J, et al. Serum lidocaine concentrations in asthmatics undergoing research bronchoscopy. Chest 2000;117:1055-60. (Pubitemid 30228363)
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.4 , pp. 1055-1060
    • Langmack, E.L.1    Martin, R.J.2    Pak, J.3    Kraft, M.4
  • 144
    • 0024525006 scopus 로고
    • Systemic absorption of topical lidocaine in elderly and young adults undergoing bronchoscopy
    • Ameer B, Burlingame MB, Harman EM. Systemic absorption of topical lidocaine in elderly and young adults undergoing bronchoscopy. Pharmacotherapy 1989;9:74-81. (Pubitemid 19123197)
    • (1989) Pharmacotherapy , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 74-81
    • Ameer, B.1    Burlingame, M.B.2    Harman, E.M.3
  • 145
    • 34848874552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial diagnosis of lung cancer
    • Rivera MP, Mehta AC. Initial diagnosis of lung cancer. Chest 2007;132(3 Suppl):131S-48S.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Rivera, M.P.1    Mehta, A.C.2
  • 146
    • 0031666551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Scottish multi-centre prospective study of bronchoscopy for bronchial carcinoma and suggested audit standards
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90403-6
    • McLean AN, Semple PA, Franklin DH, et al. The Scottish multi-centre prospective study of bronchoscopy for bronchial carcinoma and suggested audit standards. Respir Med 1998;92:1110-15. (Pubitemid 28454339)
    • (1998) Respiratory Medicine , vol.92 , Issue.9 , pp. 1110-1115
    • McLean, A.N.1    Semple, P.D'A.2    Franklin, D.H.3    Petrie, G.4    Millar, E.A.5    Douglas, J.G.6
  • 147
    • 0020409573 scopus 로고
    • Fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Effect of multiple bronchial biopsies on diagnostic yield in bronchial carcinoma
    • Gellert AR, Rudd RM, Sinha G, et al. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy: effect of multiple bronchial biopsies on diagnostic yield in bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 1982;37:684-7. (Pubitemid 13243959)
    • (1982) Thorax , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 684-687
    • Gellert, A.R.1    Rudd, R.M.2    Sinha, G.3    Geddes, D.M.4
  • 148
    • 0020071971 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of multiple biopsies from flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A comparison of central versus peripheral carcinoma
    • Popovich J Jr, Kvale PA, Eichenhorn MS, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multiple biopsies from flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A comparison of central versus peripheral carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;125:521-3. (Pubitemid 12124167)
    • (1982) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.125 , Issue.5 , pp. 521-523
    • Popovich Jr., J.1    Kvale, P.A.2    Eichenhorn, M.S.3
  • 149
    • 79953724890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving standards in flexible bronchoscopy for lung cancer
    • Slade MG, Rahman NM, Stanton AE, et al. Improving standards in flexible bronchoscopy for lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2011;37:895-901.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.37 , pp. 895-901
    • Slade, M.G.1    Rahman, N.M.2    Stanton, A.E.3
  • 150
    • 84858664997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryobiopsy increases the diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy: A multicentre trial
    • Hetzel J, Eberhardt R, Herth FJF, et al. Cryobiopsy increases the diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy: a multicentre trial. Eur Respir J 2012;39:685-90.
    • (2012) Eur Respir J , vol.39 , pp. 685-690
    • Hetzel, J.1    Eberhardt, R.2    Herth, F.J.F.3
  • 151
    • 84862513803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suitability of EBUS-TBNA specimens for subtyping and genotyping of NSCLC: A multi-centre study of 774 patients
    • Navani N, Brown JM, Nankivell M, et al. Suitability of EBUS-TBNA specimens for subtyping and genotyping of NSCLC: a multi-centre study of 774 patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:1316-22.
    • (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.185 , pp. 1316-1322
    • Navani, N.1    Brown, J.M.2    Nankivell, M.3
  • 152
    • 22244433495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the timing and cost-effectiveness of bronchial washing during bronchoscopy for pulmonary malignant tumors
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.128.1.394
    • van der Drift MA, van der Wilt G-J, Thunnissen FBJM, et al. A prospective study of the timing and cost-effectiveness of bronchial washing during bronchoscopy for pulmonary malignant tumors. Chest 2005;128:394-400. (Pubitemid 40994500)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 394-400
    • Van Der Drift, M.A.1    Van Der Wilt, G.-J.2    Thunnissen, F.B.J.M.3    Janssen, J.P.4
  • 153
    • 51549101867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease guideline: The British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society
    • Bradley B, Branley HM, Egan JJ, et al. Interstitial lung disease guideline: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Thorax 2008;63(Suppl 5):v1-58.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Bradley, B.1    Branley, H.M.2    Egan, J.J.3
  • 154
    • 68949196085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present status of bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease
    • Reynolds HY. Present status of bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009;15:479-85.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 479-485
    • Reynolds, H.Y.1
  • 156
    • 0023178030 scopus 로고
    • Multinuclear giant cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung diseases
    • Agusti C, Xaubet A, Arriols R, et al. Multinuclear giant cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung diseases. Respiration 1987;51:307-11. (Pubitemid 17091293)
    • (1987) Respiration , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 307-311
    • Agusti, C.1    Zaubet, A.2    Arriols, R.3
  • 157
    • 0021985215 scopus 로고
    • Bronchial and transbronchial lung biopsy without fluoroscopy in sarcoidosis
    • Puar HS, Young RC Jr, Armstrong EM. Bronchial and transbronchial lung biopsy without fluoroscopy in sarcoidosis. Chest 1985;87:303-6. (Pubitemid 15139955)
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-306
    • Puar, H.S.1    Young Jr., R.C.2    Armstrong, E.M.3
  • 158
    • 0028847225 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage in radiologically detected diffuse lung disease. Diagnostic value of total and differential cell count in a series of 130 patients
    • Milman N, Graudal N, Jacobsen GK. Bronchoalveolar lavage in radiologically detected diffuse lung disease. Diagnostic value of total and differential cell count in a series of 130 patients. APMIS 1995;103:764-8.
    • (1995) APMIS , vol.103 , pp. 764-768
    • Milman, N.1    Graudal, N.2    Jacobsen, G.K.3
  • 160
    • 0034887222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endobronchial biopsy for sarcoidosis: A prospective study
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.120.1.109
    • Shorr AF, Torrington KG, Hnatiuk OW. Endobronchial biopsy for sarcoidosis: a prospective study. Chest 2001;120:109-14. (Pubitemid 32744865)
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-114
    • Shorr, A.F.1    Torrington, K.G.2    Hnatiuk, O.W.3
  • 161
    • 0020962584 scopus 로고
    • Broncho alveolar lavage in diffuse lung diseases, comparison with transbronchial and thoracoscopic lung biopsy
    • Velardocchio JM, Boutin C, Irisson M. Broncho alveolar lavage in diffuse lung diseases, comparison with transbronchial and thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Eur J Respir Dis 1983;62(Suppl 126):457-8. (Pubitemid 14134309)
    • (1983) European Journal of Respiratory Diseases , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL. 126 , pp. 457-458
    • Velardocchio, J.M.1    Boutin, C.2    Irisson, M.3
  • 162
    • 0019824076 scopus 로고
    • Indications for transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis
    • Rohatgi PK, Kuzmowych TV, Delaney MD. Indications for transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis. Respiration 1981;42:155-60. (Pubitemid 12252472)
    • (1981) Respiration , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-160
    • Rohatgi, P.K.1    Kuzmowych, T.V.2    Delaney, M.D.3
  • 163
    • 79953285902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with standard bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of stage i and stage II pulmonary sarcoidosis
    • Navani N, Booth HL, Kocjan G, et al. Combination of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with standard bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of stage I and stage II pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respirology 2011;16:467-72.
    • (2011) Respirology , vol.16 , pp. 467-472
    • Navani, N.1    Booth, H.L.2    Kocjan, G.3
  • 164
    • 0030780745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial lung biopsy: An analysis of 530 cases with reference to the number of samples
    • Descombes E, Gardiol D, Leuenberger P. Transbronchial lung biopsy: an analysis of 530 cases with reference to the number of samples. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1997;52:324-9. (Pubitemid 27503951)
    • (1997) Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 324-329
    • Descombes, E.1
  • 165
    • 0023711115 scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy. A seven-year perspective
    • Anders GT, Johnson JE, Bush BA, et al. Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy. A seven-year perspective. Chest 1988;94:557-60.
    • (1988) Chest , vol.94 , pp. 557-560
    • Anders, G.T.1    Johnson, J.E.2    Bush, B.A.3
  • 166
    • 78449267925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy without fluoroscopic guidance in evaluating peripheral lung lesions
    • Rhee CK, Kang HH, Kang JY, et al. Diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy without fluoroscopic guidance in evaluating peripheral lung lesions. J Bronchol 2010;17:317-22.
    • (2010) J Bronchol , vol.17 , pp. 317-322
    • Rhee, C.K.1    Kang, H.H.2    Kang, J.Y.3
  • 167
    • 0029979394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules and lung masses in the absence of endobronchial abnormality
    • Chechani V. Bronchoscopic diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules and lung masses in the absence of endobronchial abnormality. Chest 1996;109:620-5. (Pubitemid 26086925)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 620-625
    • Chechani, V.1
  • 168
    • 0024424821 scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy: A five year experience in outpatients
    • de Fenoyl O, Capron F, Lebeau B, et al. Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy: a five year experience in outpatients. Thorax 1989;44:956-9. (Pubitemid 19281540)
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 956-959
    • De Fenoyl, O.1    Capron, F.2    Lebeau, B.3    Rochemaure, J.4
  • 170
    • 0028810756 scopus 로고
    • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Zimbabwe
    • Malin AS, Gwanzura LK, Klein S, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Zimbabwe. Lancet 1995;346:1258-61.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1258-1261
    • Malin, A.S.1    Gwanzura, L.K.2    Klein, S.3
  • 171
    • 0023391749 scopus 로고
    • The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of suspected opportunistic pneumonia
    • Abramson MJ, Stone CA, Holmes PW, et al. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of suspected opportunistic pneumonia. Aust N Z J Med 1987;17:407-12.
    • (1987) Aust N Z J Med , vol.17 , pp. 407-412
    • Abramson, M.J.1    Stone, C.A.2    Holmes, P.W.3
  • 174
    • 0022574076 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage as the exclusive diagnostic modality for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A prospective study among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Golden JA, Hollander H, Stulbarg MS, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage as the exclusive diagnostic modality for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A prospective study among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest 1986;90:18-22. (Pubitemid 16099939)
    • (1986) Chest , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-22
    • Golden, J.A.1    Hollander, H.2    Stulbarg, M.S.3    Gamsu, G.4
  • 175
    • 0025689764 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and sputum examination for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in AIDS patients in Stockholm
    • Heurlin N, Elvin K, Lidman C, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and sputum examination for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in AIDS patients in Stockholm. Scand J Infect Dis 1990;22:659-64.
    • (1990) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 659-664
    • Heurlin, N.1    Elvin, K.2    Lidman, C.3
  • 176
    • 0022620435 scopus 로고
    • Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
    • Orenstein M, Webber CA, Cash M, et al. Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Thorax 1986;41:345-9. (Pubitemid 16114958)
    • (1986) Thorax , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 345-349
    • Orenstein, M.1    Webber, C.A.2    Cash, M.3    Heurich, A.E.4
  • 177
    • 0022810550 scopus 로고
    • Flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
    • Chuang MT, Rosen MJ, Teirstein AS, et al. Flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. South Med J 1986;79:1363-5.
    • (1986) South Med J , vol.79 , pp. 1363-1365
    • Chuang, M.T.1    Rosen, M.J.2    Teirstein, A.S.3
  • 179
    • 0025988426 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections
    • Meduri GU, Stover DE, Greeno RA, et al. Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections. Chest 1991;100:1272-6.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1272-1276
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Stover, D.E.2    Greeno, R.A.3
  • 180
    • 0027474979 scopus 로고
    • Increased pneumocystis carinii recovery from the upper lobes in pneumocystis pneumonia; The effect of aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis
    • Baughman RP, Dohn MN, Shipley R, et al. Increased Pneumocystis carinii recovery from the upper lobes in Pneumocystis pneumonia. The effect of aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. Chest 1993;103:426-32. (Pubitemid 23070739)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 426-432
    • Baughman, R.P.1    Dohn, M.N.2    Shipley, R.3    Buchsbaum, J.A.4    Frame, P.T.5
  • 181
    • 0027173856 scopus 로고
    • Differential lobe lavage for diagnosis of acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy
    • Read CA, Cerrone F, Busseniers AE, et al. Differential lobe lavage for diagnosis of acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy. Chest 1993;103:1520-3. (Pubitemid 23145614)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , Issue.5 , pp. 1520-1523
    • Read, C.A.1    Cerrone, F.2    Busseniers, A.E.3    Waldhorn, R.E.4    Lavelle, J.P.5    Pierce, P.F.6
  • 182
    • 0026708567 scopus 로고
    • The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for HIV infection
    • Salzman SH, Schindel ML, Aranda CP, et al. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for HIV infection. Chest 1992;102:143-6.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 143-146
    • Salzman, S.H.1    Schindel, M.L.2    Aranda, C.P.3
  • 183
    • 0026778548 scopus 로고
    • Yield of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Kennedy DJ, Lewis WP, Barnes PF. Yield of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Chest 1992;102:1040-4.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 1040-1044
    • Kennedy, D.J.1    Lewis, W.P.2    Barnes, P.F.3
  • 184
    • 0026633898 scopus 로고
    • The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for AIDS
    • Miro AM, Gibilara E, Powell S, et al. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for AIDS. Chest 1992;101:1211-14.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Miro, A.M.1    Gibilara, E.2    Powell, S.3
  • 186
    • 0026085885 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculosis and fungal infections
    • Baughman RP, Dohn MN, Loudon RG, et al. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculosis and fungal infections. Chest 1991;99:92-7.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 92-97
    • Baughman, R.P.1    Dohn, M.N.2    Loudon, R.G.3
  • 187
    • 0026697133 scopus 로고
    • The value of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial washings in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
    • Levy H, Horak DA, Tegtmeier BR, et al. The value of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial washings in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Respir Med 1992;86:243-8.
    • (1992) Respir Med , vol.86 , pp. 243-248
    • Levy, H.1    Horak, D.A.2    Tegtmeier, B.R.3
  • 188
    • 0022455944 scopus 로고
    • The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
    • Kahn FW, Jones JM, England DM. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Am J Clin Pathol 1986;86:518-23. (Pubitemid 16006882)
    • (1986) American Journal of Clinical Pathology , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 518-523
    • Kahn, F.W.1    Jones, J.M.2    England, D.M.3
  • 189
    • 77957828768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of BAL galactomannan in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis: A bivariate metaanalysis and systematic review
    • Guo YL, Chen YQ, Wang K, et al. Accuracy of BAL galactomannan in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis: a bivariate metaanalysis and systematic review. Chest 2010;138:817-24.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 817-824
    • Guo, Y.L.1    Chen, Y.Q.2    Wang, K.3
  • 190
    • 37849036016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: A tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients
    • Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Maertens J, et al. Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:27-34.
    • (2008) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.177 , pp. 27-34
    • Meersseman, W.1    Lagrou, K.2    Maertens, J.3
  • 192
    • 1642264037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and false-positive Aspergillus galactomannan antigen test results for patients with hematological malignancies
    • DOI 10.1086/383148
    • Adam O, Auperin A, Wilquin F, et al. Treatment with piperacillin- tazobactam and false-positive Aspergillus galactomannan antigen test results for patients with hematological malignancies. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:917-20. (Pubitemid 38387246)
    • (2004) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 917-920
    • Adam, O.1    Auperin, A.2    Wilquin, F.3    Bourhis, J.-H.4    Gachot, B.5    Chachaty, E.6
  • 195
    • 79955397135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of an Aspergillus real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with galactomannan testing of bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients
    • Luong ML, Clancy CJ, Vadnerkar A, et al. Comparison of an Aspergillus real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with galactomannan testing of bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 52:1218-26.
    • Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Luong, M.L.1    Clancy, C.J.2    Vadnerkar, A.3
  • 196
    • 10844247032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and quantitative PCR for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • DOI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5517-5522.2004
    • Musher B, Fredricks D, Leisenring W, et al. Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and quantitative PCR for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:5517-22. (Pubitemid 39664330)
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Microbiology , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 5517-5522
    • Musher, B.1    Fredricks, D.2    Leisenring, W.3    Balajee, S.A.4    Smith, C.5    Marr, K.A.6
  • 197
    • 0028970238 scopus 로고
    • The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected patients
    • Lewin SR, Hoy J, Crowe SM, et al. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected patients. Aust N Z J Med 1995;25:133-9.
    • (1995) Aust N Z J Med , vol.25 , pp. 133-139
    • Lewin, S.R.1    Hoy, J.2    Crowe, S.M.3
  • 198
    • 0025978677 scopus 로고
    • Utility of bronchoscopic sampling techniques for cryptococcal disease in AIDS
    • Malabonga VM, Basti J, Kamholz SL. Utility of bronchoscopic sampling techniques for cryptococcal disease in AIDS. Chest 1991;99:370-2.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.99 , pp. 370-372
    • Malabonga, V.M.1    Basti, J.2    Kamholz, S.L.3
  • 199
    • 0024254017 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of Papanicolaou-stained bronchial specimens
    • Dugan JM, Avitabile AM, Rossman MD, et al. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of Papanicolaou-stained bronchial specimens. Diagn Cytopathol 1988;4:106-12.
    • (1988) Diagn Cytopathol , vol.4 , pp. 106-112
    • Dugan, J.M.1    Avitabile, A.M.2    Rossman, M.D.3
  • 200
    • 0021969542 scopus 로고
    • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis with bronchial brushings, biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage
    • Hartman B, Koss M, Hui A, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis with bronchial brushings, biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Chest 1985;87:603-7. (Pubitemid 15092112)
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 603-607
    • Hartman, B.1    Koss, M.2    Hui, A.3
  • 201
    • 0021275628 scopus 로고
    • Role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia
    • Albelda SM, Talbot GH, Gerson SL, et al. Role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Med 1984;76:1027-34. (Pubitemid 14120408)
    • (1984) American Journal of Medicine , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Albelda, S.M.1    Talbot, G.H.2    Gerson, S.L.3
  • 202
    • 77349095417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: Update 2009
    • Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 2009;64(Suppl 3): iii1-55.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Lim, W.S.1    Baudouin, S.V.2    George, R.C.3
  • 204
    • 0027418890 scopus 로고
    • A prospective audit of the value of fibre optic bronchoscopy in adults admitted with community acquired pneumonia
    • DOI 10.1016/0954-6111(93)90136-N
    • Gibson SP, Weir DC, Burge PS. A prospective audit of the value of fibre optic bronchoscopy in adults admitted with community acquired pneumonia. Respir Med 1993;87:105-9. (Pubitemid 23099766)
    • (1993) Respiratory Medicine , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-109
    • Gibson, S.P.1    Weir, D.C.2    Burge, P.S.3
  • 205
    • 0036323379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign body aspiration: Clinical utility of flexible bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1136/pmj.78.921.399
    • Dikensoy O, Usalan C, Filiz A. Foreign body aspiration: clinical utility of flexible bronchoscopy. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:399-403. (Pubitemid 34824235)
    • (2002) Postgraduate Medical Journal , vol.78 , Issue.921 , pp. 399-403
    • Dikensoy, O.1    Usalan, C.2    Filiz, A.3
  • 207
    • 0024950706 scopus 로고
    • Role of bronchoscopy in the early diagnosis of suspected smear negative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Jaiswal AK, Kulpati DD, Jain NK, et al. Role of bronchoscopy in the early diagnosis of suspected smear negative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Ind J Tub 1989;36:233.
    • (1989) Ind J Tub , vol.36 , pp. 233
    • Jaiswal, A.K.1    Kulpati, D.D.2    Jain, N.K.3
  • 209
    • 77953440834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing sputum/smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: Does fibre-optic bronchoscopy play a significant role?
    • Altaf Bachh A, Gupta R, Haq I, et al. Diagnosing sputum/smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: does fibre-optic bronchoscopy play a significant role? Lung India 2010;27:58-62.
    • (2010) Lung India , vol.27 , pp. 58-62
    • Altaf Bachh, A.1    Gupta, R.2    Haq, I.3
  • 210
    • 0017082420 scopus 로고
    • Should fiberoptic bronchoscopy aspirates be cultured?
    • Bartlett JG, Alexander J, Mayhew J, et al. Should fiberoptic bronchoscopy aspirates be cultured? Am Rev Respir Dis 1976;114:73-8.
    • (1976) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.114 , pp. 73-78
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Alexander, J.2    Mayhew, J.3
  • 211
    • 0018343421 scopus 로고
    • A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture
    • Wimberley N, Faling LJ, Bartlett JG. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119:337-43. (Pubitemid 9131379)
    • (1979) American Review of Respiratory Disease , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-343
    • Wimberley, N.1    Faling, L.J.2    Bartlett, J.G.3
  • 213
    • 0027506107 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia; Comparison between bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter cultures
    • Jimenez P, Saldias F, Meneses M, et al. Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Comparison between bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter cultures. Chest 1993;103:1023-7. (Pubitemid 23110264)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , Issue.4 , pp. 1023-1027
    • Jimenez, P.1    Saldias, F.2    Meneses, M.3    Silva, M.E.4    Wilson, M.G.5    Otth, L.6
  • 214
    • 0025253225 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and protected brush culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Ortqvist A, Kalin M, Lejdeborn L, et al. Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and protected brush culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 1990;97:576-82. (Pubitemid 20095572)
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 576-582
    • Ortqvist, A.1    Kalin, M.2    Lejdeborn, L.3    Lundberg, B.4
  • 215
    • 0028136444 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pneumonia
    • Jimenez P, Meneses M, Saldias F, et al. Pneumococcal antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pneumonia. Thorax 1994;49:872-4. (Pubitemid 24287481)
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 872-874
    • Jimenez, P.1    Meneses, M.2    Saldias, F.3    Velasquez, M.4
  • 216
    • 23744492104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay
    • DOI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4037-4040.2005
    • Jacobs JA, Stobberingh EE, Cornelissen EI, et al. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:4037-40. (Pubitemid 41129696)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Microbiology , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 4037-4040
    • Jacobs, J.A.1    Stobberingh, E.E.2    Cornelissen, E.I.M.3    Drent, M.4
  • 217
    • 0026597117 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Legionella spp in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by DNA amplification
    • Jaulhac B, Nowicki M, Bornstein N, et al. Detection of Legionella spp. in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by DNA amplification. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:920-4.
    • (1992) J Clin Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 920-924
    • Jaulhac, B.1    Nowicki, M.2    Bornstein, N.3
  • 218
    • 0036790172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection and differentiation of Legionella spp and Legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens by dual-color real-time PCR and melting curve analysis
    • Reischl U, Linde HJ, Lehn N, et al. Direct detection and differentiation of Legionella spp and Legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens by dual-color real-time PCR and melting curve analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:3814-17.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 3814-3817
    • Reischl, U.1    Linde, H.J.2    Lehn, N.3
  • 219
    • 0028849218 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in suspected smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Charoenratanakul S, Dejsomritrutai W, Chaiprasert A. Diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in suspected smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Respir Med 1995;89:621-3.
    • (1995) Respir Med , vol.89 , pp. 621-623
    • Charoenratanakul, S.1    Dejsomritrutai, W.2    Chaiprasert, A.3
  • 220
    • 0031857597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis using a polymerase chain reaction assay
    • Liam CK, Chen YC, Yap SF, et al. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Respirology 1998;3:125-9. (Pubitemid 28334592)
    • (1998) Respirology , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-129
    • Liam, C.K.1    Chen, Y.C.2    Yap, S.F.3    Srinivas, P.4    Poi, P.J.H.5
  • 221
    • 27744548436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of smear and PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis
    • DOI 10.1183/09031936.05.00046105
    • Tueller C, Chhajed PN, Buitrago-Tellez C, et al. Value of smear and PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2005;26:767-72. (Pubitemid 41632031)
    • (2005) European Respiratory Journal , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 767-772
    • Tueller, C.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Buitrago-Tellez, C.3    Frei, R.4    Frey, M.5    Tamm, M.6
  • 222
    • 70349446756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot for a rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis: A Tuberculosis Network European Trials group study
    • Jafari C, Thijsen S, Sotgiu G, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot for a rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis: a Tuberculosis Network European Trials group study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:666-73.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.180 , pp. 666-673
    • Jafari, C.1    Thijsen, S.2    Sotgiu, G.3
  • 224
    • 0026703914 scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of tuberculosis by fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Fujii H, Ishihara J, Fukaura A, et al. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Tuber Lung Dis 1992;73:167-9.
    • (1992) Tuber Lung Dis , vol.73 , pp. 167-169
    • Fujii, H.1    Ishihara, J.2    Fukaura, A.3
  • 225
    • 0029828335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of introducing fibreoptic bronchoscopes on gas flow in laryngeal masks and tracheal tubes
    • Brimacombe J, Dunbar-Reid K. The effect of introducing fibreoptic bronchoscopes on gas flow in laryngeal masks and tracheal tubes. Anaesthesia 1996;51:923-8. (Pubitemid 26343527)
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 923-928
    • Brimacombe, J.1    Dunbar-Reid, K.2
  • 227
    • 0021076943 scopus 로고
    • Re-expansion of refractory atelectasis using a bronchofiberscope with a balloon cuff
    • Harada K, Mutsuda T, Saoyama N, et al. Re-expansion of refractory atelectasis using a bronchofiberscope with a balloon cuff. Chest 1983;84:725-8. (Pubitemid 14205453)
    • (1983) Chest , vol.84 , Issue.6 , pp. 725-728
    • Harada, K.1    Matsuda, T.2    Saoyama, N.3
  • 228
    • 0019518428 scopus 로고
    • Selective insufflation of collapsed lung with fiberoptic bronchoscope and Swan-Ganz catheter
    • DOI 10.1007/BF01702627
    • Lee TS, Wright BD. Selective insufflation of collapsed lung with fiberoptic bronchoscope and Swan-Ganz catheter. Intensive Care Med 1981;7:241-3. (Pubitemid 11043022)
    • (1981) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 241-243
    • Lee, T.S.1    Wright, B.D.2
  • 230
    • 19244383729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When fiberoptic bronchoscopy is indicated in the management of postoperative atelectasis [1]
    • Tabboush ZS, Ayash RH, Badran HM. When fiberoptic bronchoscopy is indicated in the management of postoperative atelectasis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998;42:384. (Pubitemid 28131393)
    • (1998) Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 384
    • Tabboush, Z.S.1    Ayash, R.H.2    Badran, H.M.3
  • 231
    • 0023719617 scopus 로고
    • Utility of immediate postlobectomy fiberoptic bronchoscopy in preventing atelectasis
    • Jaworski A, Goldberg SK, Walkenstein MD, et al. Utility of immediate postlobectomy fiberoptic bronchoscopy in preventing atelectasis. Chest 1988;94:38-43.
    • (1988) Chest , vol.94 , pp. 38-43
    • Jaworski, A.1    Goldberg, S.K.2    Walkenstein, M.D.3
  • 233
    • 33947531688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of high-resolution chest CT scan in the emergency management of haemoptysis in the intensive care unit: Severity localization and aetiology
    • DOI 10.1259/bjr/59233312
    • Khalil A, Soussan M, Mangiapan G, et al. Utility of high-resolution chest CT scan in the emergency management of haemoptysis in the intensive care unit: severity, localization and aetiology. Br J Radiol 2007;80:21-5. (Pubitemid 46470243)
    • (2007) British Journal of Radiology , vol.80 , Issue.949 , pp. 21-25
    • Khalil, A.1    Soussan, M.2    Mangiapan, G.3    Fartoukh, M.4    Parrot, A.5    Carette, M.-F.6
  • 234
    • 0023003709 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriologic assessment of the lower respiratory tract in intubated patients
    • Baigelman W, Bellin S, Cupples LA, et al. Bacteriologic assessment of the lower respiratory tract in intubated patients. Crit Care Med 1986;14:864-8. (Pubitemid 17168462)
    • (1986) Critical Care Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 864-868
    • Baigelman, W.1    Bellin, S.2    Cupples, L.A.3    Berenberg, M.J.4
  • 236
    • 8944260904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Blind' protected specimen brushing versus bronchoscopic techniques in the aetiological diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • DOI 10.1183/09031936.96.09071494
    • Bello S, Tajada A, Chacon E, et al. 'Blind' protected specimen brushing versus bronchoscopic techniques in the aetiolological diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 1996;9:1494-9. (Pubitemid 26233796)
    • (1996) European Respiratory Journal , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 1494-1499
    • Dronda, S.B.1    Tejada, A.2    Chacon, E.3    Villuendas, M.C.4    Senar, A.5    Gascon, M.6    Suarez, F.J.7
  • 237
    • 0033057695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in cancer patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: A prospective comparison of the plugged telescoping catheter with the protected specimen brush
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.115.6.1641
    • Casetta M, Blot F, Antoun S, et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in cancer patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: a prospective comparison of the plugged telescoping catheter with the protected specimen brush. Chest 1999;115:1641-5. (Pubitemid 29275658)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.6 , pp. 1641-1645
    • Casetta, M.1    Blot, F.2    Antoun, S.3    Leclercq, B.4    Tancrede, C.5    Doyon, F.6    Nitenberg, G.7
  • 238
    • 0029835685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage and catheter lavage to confirm ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection
    • Humphreys H, Winter R, Baker M, et al. Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage and catheter lavage to confirm ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection. J Med Microbiol 1996;45:226-31. (Pubitemid 26294878)
    • (1996) Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-231
    • Humphreys, H.1    Winter, R.2    Baker, M.3    Smith, C.4
  • 239
    • 0027365991 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients by the blind protected telescoping catheter
    • DOI 10.1007/BF01724876
    • Jorda R, Parras F, Ibanez J, et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients by the blind protected telescoping catheter. Intensive Care Med 1993;19:377-82. (Pubitemid 23346613)
    • (1993) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 377-382
    • Jorda, R.1    Parras, F.2    Ibanez, J.3    Reina, J.4    Bergada, J.5    Raurich, J.M.6
  • 240
    • 0029153764 scopus 로고
    • Role of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Jourdain B, Novara A, Joly-Guillou ML, et al. Role of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:241-6.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152 , pp. 241-246
    • Jourdain, B.1    Novara, A.2    Joly-Guillou, M.L.3
  • 242
    • 0024364792 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tracheal aspirates and protected brush catheter specimens for identifying pathogenic bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Lambert RS, Vereen LE, George RB. Comparison of tracheal aspirates and protected brush catheter specimens for identifying pathogenic bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients. Am J Med Sci 1989;297:377-82. (Pubitemid 19161065)
    • (1989) American Journal of the Medical Sciences , vol.297 , Issue.6 , pp. 377-382
    • Lambert, R.S.1    Vereen, L.E.2    George, R.B.3
  • 245
    • 0027472796 scopus 로고
    • Protected specimen brush in the assessment of ventilator-associated pneumonia; Selection of a certain lung segment for bronchoscopic sampling is unnecessary
    • Marquette CH, Herengt F, Saulnier F, et al. Protected specimen brush in the assessment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Selection of a certain lung segment for bronchoscopic sampling is unnecessary. Chest 1993;103:243-7. (Pubitemid 23027266)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 243-247
    • Marquette, C.H.1    Herengt, F.2    Saulnier, R.3    Nevierre, R.4    Mathieu, D.5    Courcol, R.6    Ramon, P.7
  • 246
    • 0025760390 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Comparison of a plugged telescoping catheter with the protected specimen brush
    • Pham LH, Brun-Buisson C, Legrand P, et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Comparison of a plugged telescoping catheter with the protected specimen brush. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143(5 Pt 1):1055-61.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1055-1061
    • Pham, L.H.1    Brun-Buisson, C.2    Legrand, P.3
  • 247
    • 0026552752 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and diagnosis of pneumonia requiring ICU admission
    • Potgieter PD, Hammond JM. Etiology and diagnosis of pneumonia requiring ICU admission. Chest 1992;101:199-203.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 199-203
    • Potgieter, P.D.1    Hammond, J.M.2
  • 248
    • 0025809112 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia by Bacteriologic Analysis of Bronchoscopic Nonbronchoscopic 'blind' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator- associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic 'blind' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143(5 Pt 1):1121-9.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.143 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1121-1129
    • Pugin, J.1    Auckenthaler, R.2    Mili, N.3
  • 250
    • 0024366040 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Rouby JJ, Rossignon MD, Nicolas MH, et al. A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Anesthesiology 1989;71:679-85.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 679-685
    • Rouby, J.J.1    Rossignon, M.D.2    Nicolas, M.H.3
  • 252
    • 0031942603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage in nosocomial pneumonia: Impact of previous antimicrobial treatments
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199802000-00017
    • Souweine B, Veber B, Bedos JP, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage in nosocomial pneumonia: impact of previous antimicrobial treatments. Crit Care Med 1998;26:236-44. (Pubitemid 28082683)
    • (1998) Critical Care Medicine , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-244
    • Souweine, B.1    Veber, B.2    Bedos, J.P.3    Gachot, B.4    Dombret, M.C.5    Regnier, B.6    Wolff, M.7
  • 253
    • 67650576613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of preliminary bronchoalveolar lavage results in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Swanson JM, Wood GC, Croce MA, et al. Utility of preliminary bronchoalveolar lavage results in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Trauma 2008;65:1271-7.
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.65 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Swanson, J.M.1    Wood, G.C.2    Croce, M.A.3
  • 254
    • 0027312773 scopus 로고
    • Is protected specimen brush a reproducible method to diagnose ICU-acquired pneumonia?
    • Timsit JF, Misset B, Francoual S, et al. Is protected specimen brush a reproducible method to diagnose ICU-acquired pneumonia? Chest 1993;104:104-8. (Pubitemid 23204538)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-108
    • Timsit, J.-F.1    Misset, B.2    Francoual, S.3    Goldstein, F.W.4    Vaury, P.5    Carlet, J.6
  • 255
    • 0028803317 scopus 로고
    • Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on the accuracy of the main procedures used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia in patients who are using ventilation
    • Timsit JF, Misset B, Renaud B, et al. Effect of previous antimicrobial therapy on the accuracy of the main procedures used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia in patients who are using ventilation. Chest 1995;108:1036-40.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 1036-1040
    • Timsit, J.F.1    Misset, B.2    Renaud, B.3
  • 256
    • 0028091355 scopus 로고
    • Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy
    • Torres A, el-Ebiary M, Padro L, et al. Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149(2 Pt 1):324-31.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 324-331
    • Torres, A.1    El-Ebiary, M.2    Padro, L.3
  • 257
    • 0023778124 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of telescoping plugged catheters in mechanically ventilated patients with bacterial pneumonia using the Metras catheter
    • Torres A, Puig de la Bellacasa J, Rodriguez-Roisin R, et al. Diagnostic value of telescoping plugged catheters in mechanically ventilated patients with bacterial pneumonia using the Metras catheter. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:117-20.
    • (1988) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.138 , pp. 117-120
    • Torres, A.1    De La Bellacasapuig, J.2    Rodriguez-Roisin, R.3
  • 258
    • 55049125000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Berton DC, Kalil AC, Cavalcanti M, et al. Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD006482.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Berton, D.C.1    Kalil, A.C.2    Cavalcanti, M.3
  • 259
    • 84861886099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Berton DC, Kalil AC, Teixeira PJ. Quantitative versus qualitative cultures of respiratory secretions for clinical outcomes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;(1):CD006482.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1
    • Berton, D.C.1    Kalil, A.C.2    Teixeira, P.J.3
  • 260
    • 0023624656 scopus 로고
    • Transbronchial biopsy during mechanical ventilation
    • Pincus PS, Kallenbach JM, Hurwitz MD, et al. Transbronchial biopsy during mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1987;15:1136-9.
    • (1987) Crit Care Med , vol.15 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Pincus, P.S.1    Kallenbach, J.M.2    Hurwitz, M.D.3
  • 261
    • 0036384196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of transbronchial needle aspiration in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • Ghamande S, Rafanan A, Dweik R, et al. Role of transbronchial needle aspiration in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2002;122:985-9.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 985-989
    • Ghamande, S.1    Rafanan, A.2    Dweik, R.3
  • 262
    • 29744462945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nonbronchoscopic lavage for investigating alveolar inflammation and permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000190197.69945.C5
    • Perkins GD, Chatterjie S, McAuley DF, et al. Role of nonbronchoscopic lavage for investigating alveolar inflammation and permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2006;34:57-64. (Pubitemid 43032380)
    • (2006) Critical Care Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-64
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Chatterjie, S.2    McAuley, D.F.3    Gao, F.4    Thickett, D.R.5
  • 263
    • 44649117670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and usefulness of bronchoscopy in ventilator-dependent patients with severe thrombocytopenia
    • Kim YH, Suh GY, Kim MH, et al. Safety and usefulness of bronchoscopy in ventilator-dependent patients with severe thrombocytopenia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008;36:411-17.
    • (2008) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.36 , pp. 411-417
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Suh, G.Y.2    Kim, M.H.3
  • 265
    • 0035257787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bronchoalveolar lavage volume on arterial oxygenation in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia
    • Bauer TT, Torres A, Ewig S, et al. Effects of bronchoalveolar lavage volume on arterial oxygenation in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:384-93.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 384-393
    • Bauer, T.T.1    Torres, A.2    Ewig, S.3
  • 268
    • 0033833850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous positive airway pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in hypoxemic patients. A randomized double-blind study using a new device
    • Maitre B, Jaber S, Maggiore SM, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in hypoxemic patients. A randomized double-blind study using a new device. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162(3 Pt 1):1063-7.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 1063-1067
    • Maitre, B.1    Jaber, S.2    Maggiore, S.M.3
  • 269
    • 0027421573 scopus 로고
    • Effects of consecutive protected specimen brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage on gas exchange and hemodynamics in ventilated patients
    • Papazian L, Colt HG, Scemama F, et al. Effects of consecutive protected specimen brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage on gas exchange and hemodynamics in ventilated patients. Chest 1993;104:1548-52. (Pubitemid 23327879)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.5 , pp. 1548-1552
    • Papazian, L.1    Colt, H.G.2    Scemama, F.3    Martin, C.4    Gouin, F.5
  • 270
    • 0035989135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in severe head injury: Effect of hyperventilation
    • Previgliano IJ, Ripoll PI, Chiappero G, et al. Optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in severe head injury: effect of hyperventilation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002;81:103-5.
    • (2002) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.81 , pp. 103-105
    • Previgliano, I.J.1    Ripoll, P.I.2    Chiappero, G.3
  • 271
    • 0025268538 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in ventilated patients. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary risk under midazolam sedation
    • Trouillet JL, Guiguet M, Gibert C, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in ventilated patients. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary risk under midazolam sedation. Chest 1990;97:927-33. (Pubitemid 20132320)
    • (1990) Chest , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 927-933
    • Trouillet, J.-L.1    Guiguet, M.2    Gibert, C.3    Fagon, J.-Y.4    Dreyfuss, D.5    Blanchet, F.6    Chastre, J.7
  • 272
  • 273
    • 0021174733 scopus 로고
    • Humidification and airway pressures during high-frequency jet ventilation delivered through the suction-biopsy channel of a flexible bronchofiberscope
    • Ramanathan S, Sinha K, Arismendy J, et al. Humidification and airway pressures during high-frequency jet ventilation delivered through the suction-biopsy channel of a flexible bronchofiberscope. Crit Care Med 1984;12:820-3. (Pubitemid 14041837)
    • (1984) Critical Care Medicine , vol.12 , Issue.9 , pp. 820-823
    • Ramanathan, S.1    Sinha, K.2    Arismendy, J.3
  • 274
    • 0020211118 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical ventilation in fiberoptic-bronchoscopy: Comparison between high frequency positive pressure ventilation and normal frequency positive pressure ventilation
    • Flatau E, Lewinsohn G, Konichezky S, et al. Mechanical ventilation in fiberoptic-bronchoscopy: comparison between high frequency positive pressure ventilation and normal frequency positive pressure ventilation. Crit Care Med 1982;10:733-5.
    • (1982) Crit Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 733-735
    • Flatau, E.1    Lewinsohn, G.2    Konichezky, S.3
  • 275
    • 0030479819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation via face mask during bronchoscopy with BAL in high-risk hypoxemic patients
    • Antonelli M, Conti G, Riccioni L, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation via face mask during bronchoscopy with BAL in high-risk hypoxemic patients. Chest 1996;110:724-8. (Pubitemid 27009298)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 724-728
    • Antonelli, M.1    Conti, G.2    Riccioni, L.3    Meduri, G.U.4
  • 276
    • 77957012333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during nasal non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure
    • Chiner E, Sancho-Chust JN, Llombart M, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy during nasal non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Respiration 2010;80:321-6.
    • (2010) Respiration , vol.80 , pp. 321-326
    • Chiner, E.1    Sancho-Chust, J.N.2    Llombart, M.3
  • 277
    • 80053123518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber optic bronchoscopy in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring noninvasive ventilation - A feasibility study
    • Baumann HJ, Klose H, Simon M, et al. Fiber optic bronchoscopy in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring noninvasive ventilation - a feasibility study. Crit Care 2011;15:R179.
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15
    • Baumann, H.J.1    Klose, H.2    Simon, M.3
  • 278
    • 0027163386 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the presence of space-occupying intracranial lesions
    • Bajwa MK, Henein S, Kamholz SL. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the presence of space-occupying intracranial lesions. Chest 1993;104:101-3. (Pubitemid 23204537)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-103
    • Bajwa, M.K.1    Henein, S.2    Kamholz, S.L.3
  • 279
    • 0033921688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on intracranial pressure in patients with brain injury: A prospective clinical study
    • discussion 882-883
    • Kerwin AJ, Croce MA, Timmons SD, et al. Effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on intracranial pressure in patients with brain injury: a prospective clinical study. J Trauma 2000;48:878-82; discussion 882-3.
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.48 , pp. 878-882
    • Kerwin, A.J.1    Croce, M.A.2    Timmons, S.D.3
  • 280
    • 0028882407 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe head injury
    • Peerless JR, Snow N, Likavec MJ, et al. The effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe head injury. Chest 1995;108:962-5.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 962-965
    • Peerless, J.R.1    Snow, N.2    Likavec, M.J.3
  • 281
    • 0031955527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee
    • Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee. Gut 1998;42:585-93.
    • (1998) Gut , vol.42 , pp. 585-593
  • 282
    • 56749104971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ESGE Guidelines Committee. ESGE- ESGENA guideline: Cleaning and disinfection in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Update 2008
    • Beilenhoff U, Neumann CS, Rey JF, et al. The ESGE Guidelines Committee. ESGE- ESGENA guideline: cleaning and disinfection in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Update 2008. Endoscopy 2008;40:939-57.
    • (2008) Endoscopy , vol.40 , pp. 939-957
    • Beilenhoff, U.1    Neumann, C.S.2    Rey, J.F.3
  • 283
    • 77952084685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Endoscopy Programme, (accessed Jun 2013)
    • National Endoscopy Programme. Decontamination standards for flexible endoscopes 2008. 2009. http://www.thejag.org.uk/ downloads%5CUnit%20Resources%5CDecontamination%20Standards%20for%20Flexible%20E ndoscopy.pdf (accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2009) Decontamination Standards for Flexible Endoscopes 2008
  • 285
    • 84881514156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHRA. MDA/2004/028-Flexible and rigid endoscopes. June. (accessed Jun 2013)
    • MHRA. MDA/2004/028 - Flexible and rigid endoscopes. June 2004. http://www. mhra.gov.uk/Publications/Safetywarnings/MedicalDeviceAlerts/ CON008543 (accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2004)
  • 286
    • 84881494759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Act 2006: Code of practice for the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections, (accessed Jun 2013)
    • The Health Act 2006: Code of practice for the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections. 2006. http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/ InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/HCAI/GuidelinesForProfessionalsHCAI/(accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2006)
  • 288
    • 84881505853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) UK. An Evaluation Of Disinfecting Agents Used In Endoscopy Suites. (accessed Jun 2013)
    • Health and Safety Executive (HSE) UK. An evaluation of disinfecting agents used in endoscopy suites. 2007. http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/ rr445.htm (accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2007)
  • 289
    • 84881499791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Society of Gastroenterology Provision of Endoscopy Related Services in District General Hospitals. (accessed Jun 2013)
    • British Society of Gastroenterology Provision of Endoscopy Related Services in District General Hospitals. 2001. http://www.bsg.org.uk/images/ stories/docs/clinical/guidelines/endoscopy/endo-related-services.pdf (accessed Jun 2013).
    • (2001)
  • 291
    • 0031765546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality assessment through patient self-report of symptoms prefiberoptic and postfiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Diette GB, White P Jr, Terry P, et al. Quality assessment through patient self-report of symptoms prefiberoptic and postfiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 1998;114:1446-53. (Pubitemid 28527423)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , Issue.5 , pp. 1446-1453
    • Diette, G.B.1    White Jr., P.2    Terry, P.3    Jenckes, M.4    Wise, R.A.5    Rubin, H.R.6
  • 294
    • 84871238868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can a bronchoscopist reliably assess a patient's experience of bronchoscopy?
    • Hadzri H, Azarisman S, Fauzi A, et al. Can a bronchoscopist reliably assess a patient's experience of bronchoscopy? JRSM Short Rep 2010;1:35.
    • (2010) JRSM Short Rep , vol.1 , pp. 35
    • Hadzri, H.1    Azarisman, S.2    Fauzi, A.3
  • 295
    • 70350276166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' satisfaction with flexible bronchoscopy in a hospital-based community practice
    • Bernasconi M, Chhajed PN, Muller P, et al. Patients' satisfaction with flexible bronchoscopy in a hospital-based community practice. Respiration 2009;78:440-5.
    • (2009) Respiration , vol.78 , pp. 440-445
    • Bernasconi, M.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Muller, P.3
  • 296
    • 14844325014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of patient discomfort during fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2005.00642.x
    • Mitsumune T, Senoh E, Adachi M. Prediction of patient discomfort during fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Respirology 2005;10:92-6. (Pubitemid 40343768)
    • (2005) Respirology , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-96
    • Mitsumune, T.1    Senoh, E.2    Adachi, M.3
  • 297
    • 0037337812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: A complementary approach to routine analgesia
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.123.3.941
    • Diette GB, Lechtzin N, Haponik E, et al. Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: a complementary approach to routine analgesia. Chest 2003;123:941-8. (Pubitemid 36315513)
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 941-948
    • Diette, G.B.1    Lechtzin, N.2    Haponik, E.3    Devrotes, A.4    Rubin, H.R.5
  • 298
    • 0029076757 scopus 로고
    • Music improves patient comfort level during outpatient bronchoscopy
    • Dubois JM, Bartter T, Pratter MR. Music improves patient comfort level during outpatient bronchoscopy. Chest 1995;108:129-30.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 129-130
    • Dubois, J.M.1    Bartter, T.2    Pratter, M.R.3
  • 299
    • 0032822173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of music on state anxiety scores in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.116.3.819
    • Colt HG, Powers A, Shanks TG. Effect of music on state anxiety scores in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 1999;116:819-24. (Pubitemid 29428505)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , Issue.3 , pp. 819-824
    • Colt, H.G.1    Powers, A.2    Shanks, T.G.3
  • 300
    • 85095397911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications
    • Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD004423.
    • (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Brady, M.1    Kinn, S.2    Stuart, P.3
  • 301
    • 79952113416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of studies and guidelines on fasting and procedural sedation at the emergency department
    • Molina JA, Lobo CA, Goh HK, et al. Review of studies and guidelines on fasting and procedural sedation at the emergency department. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2010;8:75-8.
    • (2010) Int J Evid Based Healthc , vol.8 , pp. 75-78
    • Molina, J.A.1    Lobo, C.A.2    Goh, H.K.3
  • 302
    • 84881524162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health UK Understanding what matters: a guide to using patient feedback to transform care. May
    • Department of Health UK. Understanding what matters: a guide to using patient feedback to transform care. May 2009. http://webarchive. nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/ Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH-099780
    • (2009)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.