Withholding parenteral nutrition during critical illness increases plasma bilirubin but lowers the incidence of biliary sludge

Hepatology

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 202-210

  Vanwijngaerden, Yoo Mee ^a   Langouche, Lies ^a   Brunner, Richard ^a   Debaveye, Yves ^a   Gielen, Marijke ^a   Casaer, Michael ^a   Liddle, Christopher ^b   Coulter, Sally ^b   Wouters, Pieter J ^a   Wilmer, Alexander ^a   Van den Berghe, Greet ^a   Mesotten, Dieter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BILE ACID; BILIRUBIN; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCINE; TAURINE;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BILE ACID BLOOD LEVEL; BILIARY SLUDGE; BILIARY TRACT DISEASE; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICAL ILLNESS; ECHOGRAPHY; GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

AGED; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; BILE; BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; BILIRUBIN; CHOLESTASIS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; FEMALE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HUMANS; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84903312637     PISSN: 02709139     EISSN: 15273350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hep.26928     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Kramer L, Jordan B, Druml W, Bauer P, Metnitz PG. Incidence and prognosis of early hepatic dysfunction in critically ill patients-a prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1099-1104.
2. Mesotten D, Wauters J, Van den Berghe G., Wouters PJ, Milants I, Wilmer A. The effect of strict blood glucose control on biliary sludge and cholestasis in critically ill patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:2345-2352.
3. Patel JJ, Taneja A, Niccum D, Kumar G, Jacobs E, Nanchal R. The association of serum bilirubin levels on the outcomes of severe sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2013 [Epub ahead of print].
4. Brienza N, Dalfino L, Cinnella G, Diele C, Bruno F, Fiore T. Jaundice in critical illness: promoting factors of a concealed reality. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:267-274.
5. Chand N, Sanyal AJ. Sepsis-induced cholestasis. Hepatology 2007;45:230-241.
6. Kullak-Ublick GA, Meier PJ. Mechanisms of cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis 2000;4:357-385.
7. Roe PG. Liver function tests in the critically ill patient. Clin Intensive Care 1993;4:174-182.
8. Ko CW, Lee SP. Gastrointestinal disorders of the critically ill. Biliary sludge and cholecystitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2003;17:383-396.
9. Boyer JL. Bile formation and secretion. Compr Physiol 2013;3:1035-1078.
10. Kumpf VJ. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in adult and pediatric patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2006;21:279-290.
11. Shaffer EA. Gallbladder sludge: what is its clinical significance? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2001;3:166-173.
12. Padda MS, Sanchez M, Akhtar AJ, Boyer JL. Drug-induced cholestasis. Hepatology 2011;53:1377-1387.
13. Laurila J, Syrjala H, Laurila PA, Saarnio J, la-Kokko TI. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004;48:986-991.
14. Grau T, Bonet A, Rubio M, Mateo D, Farre M, Acosta JA, et al. Liver dysfunction associated with artificial nutrition in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2007;11:R10.
15. Moran JM, Salas J, Botello F, Macia E, Climent V. Taurine and cholestasis associated to TPN. Experimental study in rabbit model. Pediatr Surg Int 2005;21:786-792.
16. Casaer MP, Mesotten D, Hermans G, Wouters PJ, Schetz M, Meyfroidt G, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2011;365:506-517.
17. Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonagh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science 1987;235:1043-1046.
18. Dennery PA, McDonagh AF, Spitz DR, Rodgers PA, Stevenson DK. Hyperbilirubinemia results in reduced oxidative injury in neonatal Gunn rats exposed to hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19:395-404.
19. Muchova L, Vanova K, Zelenka J, Lenicek M, Petr T, Vejrazka M, et al. Bile acids decrease intracellular bilirubin levels in the cholestatic liver: implications for bile acid-mediated oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2011;15:1156-1165.
20. Casaer MP, Hermans G, Wilmer A, Van den Berghe G. Impact of early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients (EPaNIC trial): a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:21.
21. Vanwijngaerden YM, Wauters J, Langouche L, Vander Perre S., Liddle C, Coulter S, et al. Critical illness evokes elevated circulating bile acids related to altered hepatic transporter and nuclear receptor expression. Hepatology 2011;54:1741-1752.
22. Roy CC, Belli DC. Hepatobiliary complications associated with TPN: an enigma. J Am Coll Nutr 1985;4:651-660.
23. Loff S, Waag KL, Kranzlin B, Zovko D, Dzakovic A, Jester I, et al. Long-term total parenteral nutrition-induced hepatobiliary dysfunction in a rabbit model. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:694-699.
24. Vanderheyden S, Casaer MP, Kesteloot K, Simoens S, De RT, Peers G, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in ICU patients: cost analysis of the EPaNIC trial. Crit Care 2012;16:R96.
25. Schwertner HA, Jackson WG, Tolan G. Association of low serum concentration of bilirubin with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 1994;40:18-23.
26. Kimm H, Yun JE, Jo J, Jee SH. Low serum bilirubin level as an independent predictor of stroke incidence: a prospective study in Korean men and women. Stroke 2009;40:3422-3427.
27. Maruhashi T, Soga J, Fujimura N, Idei N, Mikami S, Iwamoto Y, et al. Hyperbilirubinemia, augmentation of endothelial function, and decrease in oxidative stress in Gilbert syndrome. Circulation 2012;126:598-603.
28. Castilho A, Aveleira CA, Leal EC, Simoes NF, Fernandes CR, Meirinhos RI, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 protects retinal endothelial cells against high glucose- and oxidative/nitrosative stress-induced toxicity. PLoS One 2012;7:42428.
29. Wiesel P, Patel AP, DiFonzo N, Marria PB, Sim CU, Pellacani A, et al. Endotoxin-induced mortality is related to increased oxidative stress and end-organ dysfunction, not refractory hypotension, in heme oxygenase-1-deficient mice. Circulation 2000;102:3015-3022.
30. Wang WW, Smith DL, Zucker SD. Bilirubin inhibits iNOS expression and NO production in response to endotoxin in rats. Hepatology 2004;40:424-433.
31. Oh SW, Lee ES, Kim S, Na KY, Chae DW, Kim S, et al. Bilirubin attenuates the renal tubular injury by inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. BMC Nephrol 2013;14:105.
32. Recknagel P, Gonnert FA, Westermann M, Lambeck S, Lupp A, Rudiger A, et al. Liver dysfunction and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signalling in early sepsis: experimental studies in rodent models of peritonitis. PLoS Med 2012;9:1001338.
33. Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De MA, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:707-710.
34. Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, Bernard GR, Sprung CL, Sibbald WJ. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1638-1652.
35. Le Gall Jr, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA 1993;270:2957-2963.
36. Goldberg DM. Structural, functional, and clinical aspects of gamma-glutamyltransferase. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1980;12:1-58.
37. Wu TW, Fung KP, Wu J, Yang CC, Weisel RD. Antioxidation of human low density lipoprotein by unconjugated and conjugated bilirubins. Biochem Pharmacol 1996;51:859-862.
38. Hawker F. Liver dysfunction in critical illness. Anaesth Intensive Care 1991;19:165-181.
39. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;13:818-829.
40. Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr 2003;22:415-421.