Differentiating nocturnal leg cramps and restless legs syndrome

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 14, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 813-818

  Rana, Abdul Qayyum ^a   Khan, Fatima ^a   Mosabbir, Abdullah ^b   Ondo, William ^c  

^a Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto Movement Disorders Centre   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

movement disorder; nocturnal leg cramp; periodic limb movement; restless leg syndrome; willis ekbom disease

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CABERGOLINE; CALCIUM; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; GABAPENTIN; GABAPENTIN ENACARBIL; IRON SACCHARATE; LEVODOPA; MAGNESIUM; MULTIVITAMIN; NAPROXEN; ORPHENADRINE; PARATHYROID HORMONE[1-34]; POTASSIUM; PRAMIPEXOLE; PREGABALIN; RALOXIFENE; ROPINIROLE; ROTIGOTINE; VERAPAMIL;

DIETARY INTAKE; DOPAMINERGIC NERVE CELL; HUMAN; LEG CRAMP; LEG MOVEMENT; MUSCLE CRAMP; MUSCLE FATIGUE; NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMP; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDER; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PREGNANT WOMAN; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; REVIEW; STRETCHING EXERCISE; WEIGHT REDUCTION; SLEEP-WAKE TRANSITION DISORDERS;

HUMANS; RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; SLEEP-WAKE TRANSITION DISORDERS;

EID: 84903220344     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.927734     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Allen RP, Kushida CA, Atkinson MJ. RLS QoL consortium. Factor analysis of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's scale for restless legs severity. Sleep Med 2003;4(2):133-5
2. Chaudhuri KR, Appiah-Kubi LS, Trenkwalder C. Restless legs syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71(2): 143-6
3. Hattan E, Chalk C, Postuma RB. Is there a higher risk of restless legs syndrome in peripheral neuropathy? Neurology 2009; 72(11):955-60
4. Gao X, Schwarzschild MA, Wang H, Ascherio A. Obesity and restless legs syndrome in men and women. Neurology 2009;72(14):1225
5. Rajabally YA, Shah RS. Restless legs syndrome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2010;42(2):252-6
6. Limousin N, Blasco H, Corcia P, et al. The high frequency of restless legs syndrome in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2011;12(4):303-6
7. Rana AQ, Siddiqui I, Mosabbir A, et al. Association of pain, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2013; 327(1-2):32-4
8. Picchietti D, Allen RP, et al. Restless legs syndrome:prevalance and impact in children and adolescents-The Peds REST study. Pediatrics 2007;120(2):253-66
9. Pullen SJ, Wall CA, et al. Psychiatry comorbidity in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome: a retrospective study. J Clin Sleep Med 2011;7(6):587-96
10. Monderer RS, Wu WP, Thorpy MJ. Nocturnal leg cramps. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2010;10(1):53-9
11. Allen RE, Kirby KA. Nocturnal leg cramps. Am Fam Physician 2012;86(4):350-5
12. Nagandla K, De S. Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and modern management. Postgrad Med 2013;89(1053):402-10
13. Clemens S, Rye D, Hochman S. Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective. Neurology 2006;67(1):125-30
14. Winkelmann J, Czamara D, Schormair B, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies novel restless legs syndrome susceptibility loci on 2p14 and 16q12.1. PLos Genet 2011;7(7):e1002171
15. Xiong L, Montplaisir J, Desautels A, et al. Family study of restless legs syndrome in Quebec, Canada: clinical characterization of 671 familial cases. Arch Neurol 2010;67(5): 617-22
16. Winkelmann J, Wetter TC, Collado-Seidel V, et al. Clinical characteristics and frequency of the hereditary restless legs syndrome in a population of 300 patients. Arch Neurol 2010;67(5):617-22
17. Sveinsson OA, Sigurdsson AP. Restless legs syndrome-a review. Laeknabladid 2012; 98(1):33-7
18. Nagandla K, De S. Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and modern management. Postgrad Med 2013;89(1053):402-10
19. Montplaisir J, Lapierre O, Warnes H, Pelletier G. The treatment of the restless leg syndrome with or without periodic leg movements in sleep. Sleep 1992;15(5):391-5
20. Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB. Restless legs syndrome and functional limitations among American elders in the Health and Retirement Study. BMC Geriatr 2012;12:39
21. Young G. Leg cramps. Clin Evid (Online) 2009;2009:1113
22. Cotter PE, O'Keeffe ST. Restless leg syndrome: is it a real problem? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006;2(4):465-75
23. Walters AS, Rye DB. Review of the relationship of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep to hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Sleep 2009;32(5):589-97
24. Blattler W, Muhlemann M. Restless legs and nocturnal leg spasms-forgotten facts in diagnosis-new facts for therapy. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1982;112(4):115-17
25. Fields A. Leg cramps. Calif Med 1960; 92(3):204-6
26. Coppin RJ, et al. Managing nocturnal leg cramps-calf-stretching exercises and cessation of quinine treatment: a factorial randomized controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract 2005;55(512):186-91
27. Hallegraeff JM, van der Schans CP, et al. Stretching before sleep reduces the frequency and severity of nocturnal leg cramps in older adults: a randomized trial. J Physiother 2012;58(1):17-22
28. Garrison SR, Allan GM, Sekhon RK, et al. Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12(9): CD009402
29. Garrison SR, Birmingham CL, Koehler BE, et al. The effect of magnesium infusion on rest cramps: randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011;66(6): 661-6
30. Guay DR. Are there alternatives to the use of quinine to treat nocturnal leg cramps? Consult Pharm 2008;23(2):141-56
31. Walters AS. Toward a better definition of the restless leg syndrome. Mov Disord 1995;10(5):634-42
32. Hening WA, Allen RP, Washburn M, et al. The four diagnostic criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome are unable to exclude confounding conditions ("mimics"). Sleep Med 2009;10(9):976-81
33. Lesage S, Hening WA. The restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: a review of management. Semin Neurol 2004;24(3):249-59
34. Silber MH. Sleep-related movement disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19:170-84
35. Merlino G, Gigli GL. Sleep-related movement disorders. Neurol Sci 2012; 33(3):491-513
36. Benes H, Walters AS, Allen RP, et al. Definition of restless legs syndrome, how to diagnose it, and how to differentiate it from RLS mimics. Mov Disord 2007; 22(Suppl 18):S401-8
37. Stiasny-Kolster K, Kohnen R, Möller JC, et al. Validation of the "L-DOPA test" for diagnosis of restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2006;2(9):1333-9
38. Allen RE, Kirby KA. Nocturnal leg cramps. Am Fam Physician 2012;86(4):350-5