Immortality and the law: The rising power of the American dead

Immortality and the law: The Rising Power of The American Dead

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-191

  Madoff, Ray D ^a  

^a BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

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EID: 84903110230     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (207)

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55. Adam J. Perlin, "To Die in Order to Live: The Need for Legislation Governing Post-Mortem Cryonic Suspension," Southwestern University Law Review 36 (2007): 46-47.
56. Richard Sandomir, "Note Dated 2000 Says Williams Wanted His Remains Frozen," New York Times, 26 July 2002, D1.
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58. Antonio Regalado, "A Cold Calculus Leads Cryonauts to Put Assets on Ice," Wall Street Journal, 21 January 2006, A1.
59. Adam Hirsch, "American History of Inheritance Law" (Working paper, FSU College of Law, Public Law Research Paper no. 258, 2007).
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62. D. J. Hayton, European Succession Laws, European Practice Library (London: Chancery Law, 1991).
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66. Paula A. Monopoli, "Deadbeat Dads: Should Support and Inheritance Be Linked?" University of Miami Law Review 49 (1994): 257.
67. Herring V. Moore, 561 S.W.2d 95, 96-97 (Ky. Ct. App. 1977).
68. Brashier, "Protecting the Child from Disinheritance," 11.
69. Brashier, "Protecting the Child from Disinheritance"
70. Chester, "Disinheritance and the American Child."
71. S. Spaht et al., "The New Forced Heirship Legislation: A Regrettable 'Revolution,'" Louisiana Law Review 50 (1990): 409.
72. Edward N. Wolff, "Recent Trends in Household Wealth in the United States: Rising Debt and the Middle Class Squeeze" (Bard College, Levy Economics Institute, working paper no. 502, 2007).
73. James Repetti, "Democracy, Taxes and Wealth," New York University Law Review 76 (2001): 825, 831.
74. Repetti, "Democracy, Taxes and Wealth," 827.
75. William H. Gates and Chuck Collins, Wealth and Our Commonwealth (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002), 17.
76. James L. Huston, Securing the Fruits of Labor: The American Concept of Wealth Distribution, 1765-1900 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998), 385,
77. Lee Soltow, Men and Wealth in the United States, 1850-1870 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975), 113.
78. Joseph Frazier Wall, ed., The Andrew Carnegie Reader (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992), 10.
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80. Caole Shammas, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin, Inheritance in America: From Colonial Times to the Present (Galveston, TX: Frontier Press, 1997).
81. Edward N. Wolff, Top Heavy: A Study of the Increasing Inequality of Wealth in America (New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1995), 8-13.
82. Wolff, "Recent Trends in Household Wealth."
83. Lawrence Mishel, Jared Bernstein, and Sylvia Allegretto, The State of Working America, 2004-2005 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005), 256.
84. Paul L. Menchik and Nancy Ammon Jianakoplos, "Black-White Wealth Inequality: Is Inheritance the Reason?" Economic Inquiry 35 (1997): 428.
85. Robert B. Avery and Michael S. Rendell, "Lifetime Inheritances of Three Generations of Whites and Blacks," American Journal of Sociology 107 (2002): 1300-1346.
86. Lily L. Batchelder, "Taxing Privilege More Effectively: Replacing the Estate Tax with an Inheritance Tax," Law and Economics, Research Paper Series, working paper no. 07-25 (July 2007), 51.
87. Reuven Avi-Yonah, "Why Tax the Rich: Efficiency, Equity, and Progressive Taxation," Yale Law Journal 111 (2002): 1391, 1406.
88. Repetti, "Democracy, Taxes and Wealth," 850.
89. Repetti, "Democracy, Taxes and Wealth," 850.
90. D. J. Hayton, The Law of Trusts, 3rd ed. (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1998), 93-96.
91. Jeffrey G. Sherman, "Posthumous Meddling: An Instrumental Theory of Testamentary Restraints on Conjugal and Religious Choices," University of Illinois Law Review 1999 (1999): 1273-1280, n.34.
92. Sherman, "Posthumous Meddling."
93. Lewis M. Simes, Public Policy and the Dead Hand (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Law School, 1955), 59.
94. John Chipman Gray, The Rule against Perpetuities, 4th ed. (Frederick, MD: Beard Books, 1942), 191.
95. Lucas V. Hamm, 364 P.2d 685 (Cal. 1961).
96. Max M. Schanzenbach and Robert H. Sitkoff, "Perpetuities or Taxes? Explaining the Rise of the Perpetual Trust," Cardozo Law Review 27 (2006): 2465, 2474.
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98. Robert H. Sitkoff and Max M. Schanzenbach, "Jurisdictional Competition for Trust Funds: An Empirical Analysis of Perpetuities and Taxes," Yale Law Journal 115 (2005): 356, 356, n. 5.
99. John Budihas, "A Trust to Help Clients Create a Dynasty (Advanced Markets)," The National Underwriter Company National Underwriter Life and Health Financial-Services Edition, 10 November 2003.
100. Catherine M. Allchin, "In Some Trusts, the Heirs Must Work for the Money," New York Times, 29 January 2006.
101. Paul Schervish and John Havens, "Gifts and Bequests: Family or Philanthropic Organizations?" in Death and Dollars: The Role of Gifts and Bequests in America, ed. Alicia H. Munnell and Annika Sunden (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 2003).
102. Frederic Golden, "The Worst and the Brightest," Time, 16 October 2000.
103. Golden, "Worst and Brightest."
104. Marsh, 129 S.W.3d 174, 178.
105. Lewis M. Simes, Public Policy and the Dead Hand (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Law School, 1955), 118.
106. Kymson F. DesJardins, "Mortmain Statutes: Questions of Constitutionality," Notre Dome Law Review 52 (1977): 638, 639.
107. Lawrence Friedman, A History of American Law (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005), 185.
108. Elizabeth Fleet, "Madison's 'Detached Memoranda,'" William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 3 (1946): 534-68
109. Wilfred Hardy Callcott, Church and State in Mexico, 1822-1857 (New York: Octogon Books, 1965), 14.
110. Evelyn Brody, "Charitable Endowments and the Democratization of Dynasty," Arizona Law Review 39 (1977): 873, 914.
111. Howard Miller, The Legal Foundations of American Pilanthropy, 1776-1844 (Ann Arbor, MI: Cushing-Malloy, 1961), 21-23
112. Marion R. Fremont-Smith, Governing Nonprofit Organizations: Federal and State Law and Regulations (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 45.
113. Fremont-Smith, Governing Nonprofit Organizations, 45.
114. Friedman, History of American Law, 318
115. Manes B. Ames, "The Failure of the Tilden Trust," Harvard Law Review 5 (1982): 389.
116. Fremont-Smith, Governing Nonprofit Organizations, 47.
117. Miller, Legal Foundations, 40-41.
118. Tiffany Keb, "Redefining What It Means to Be Charitable: Raising the Bar with a Public Interest Requirement," Oregon Law Review 86 (2007): 865.
119. George W. Keeton and Lionel Astor Sheridan, The Modern Law of Charities (Belfast: Northern Ireland Quarterly, 1971)
120. Howell Rudko, "The Cy Pres Doctrine in the United States: From Extreme Reluctance to Affirmative Action," Cleveland State Law Review 46 (1998): 471.
121. Evelyn Brody, "Whose Public? Parochialism and Paternalism in State Charity Law Enforcement," Indiana Law Journal 79 (2004): 937, 985.
122. Bob Fernandez, "Hershey Trust's CEO Will Retire," Philadelphia Inquirer, 10 April 2008.
123. Steven Pearlstein, "A Bitter Feud Erupts over Hershey Plant: Plan to Sell Candy Empire Divides a Company Town," Washington Post, 2 September 2002, A1,
124. Brody, "Whose Public?" 989.
125. Brody, "Whose Public?" 989.
126. Lewis M. Simes, Public Policy and the Dead Hand (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Law School, 1955), 111.
127. Brody, "Charitable Endowments," 898-99.
128. Brody, "Charitable Endowments," 898-99.
129. Brody, "Charitable Endowments," 919.
130. Martin Morse Wooster, "The Greatest Twentieth Century Donor You've Never Heard Of," On Line Opinion, 2 August 2006.
131. Julius Rosenwald, "Principles of Public Giving," Atlantic Monthly, May 1929, 143.
132. Renee A. Irvin, "Endowments: Stable Largesse or Distortion of the Polity," Public Administrative Review 67 (2007): 445.
133. Neil Brooks, "Review of Surrey and McDaniel (1985)," Canadian Tax Journal 34 (1986): 681-94.
134. Leonard E. Burman, "Is the Tax Expenditure Concept Still Relevant?" National Tax Journal 56 (2003): 613.
135. Saul Levmore, "Taxes as Ballots," University of Chicago Law Review 65 (1998): 387, 405.
136. Stephanie Strom, "Big Gifts, Tax Breaks and a Debate on Charity," New York Times, 6 September 2007.
137. Miranda Perry Fleischer, "Charitable Contributions in an Ideal Estate Tax," Tax Law Review 60 (2007): 263, 303.
138. Rob Reich, "A Failure of Philanthropy: American Charity Shortchanges the Poor, and Public Policy Is Partly to Blame," Stanford Social Innovation Review (Winter 2005): 24-33.
139. Strom, "Big Gifts."
140. Adam J. Hirsh, "Bequests for a Purpose: A Unified Theory," Washington and Lee Law Review 56 (1999): 33, 73.
141. Hirsch, "Bequests for a Purpose," 76, n. 157.
142. Hirsch, "Bequests for a Purpose," 76, n. 157.
143. Ruth Bordin, Frances Willard: A Biography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 3-6.
144. Barr McClellan, Blood, Money and Power: How L.B.J. Killed J.F.K. (New York: Hannover House, 2003). The television documentary, The Guilty Men, aired on the History Channel in November 2003.
145. Bruce Weber, "Moyers and Others Want History Channel Inquiry over Film That Accuses Johnson," New York Times, 5 February 2004.
146. Dan Dobbs, The Law of Torts (St. Paul, MN: West Group, 2000), 1117. Although both libel and slander apply to false communications, libel applies to written communications, and slander applies to oral communications.
147. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964).
148. Kono v. Meeker, No. 06-1554, slip op. at 2 (Iowa Ct. App. 12 Dec. 2007).
149. Gugliuzza v. K.C.M.C., Inc., 606 So.2d 790, 791 (La. 1992).
150. Johnson v. KTBS, Inc., 899 So.2d 329 (La. Ct. App. 2004).
151. Richard P. Mandel and Renee Hobbs, "The Right to a Reputation after Death," Communications and the Law 13 (March 1991): 29-31.
152. Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, "The Right to Privacy," Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): 193.
153. M. C. Slough, Privacy, Freedom and Responsibility (Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1969), 27-42.
154. Warren and Brandeis, "Right to Privacy," 193.
155. Barbara Singer, "The Right of Publicity: Star Vehicle or Shooting Star?" Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 10 (1992): 1, 6
156. Melville Nimmer, "The Right of Publicity," Law and Contemporary Problems 19 (1954): 203, 206.
157. Thomas D. Selz et al., Entertainment Law: Legal Concepts and Business Practices, 2nd ed. (St. Paul, MN: Thompson-West, 1996), 21, n. 17.
158. James Q. Whitman, "The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity versus Liberty," Yale Law Journal 113 (2004): 1151, 1209.
159. Diane L. Zimmerman, "Requiem for a Heavyweight: A Farewell to Warren and Brandeis's Privacy Tort," Cornell Law Review 68 (1983): 291, 362.
160. J. Thomas McCarthy, The Rights of Publicity and Privacy, 2nd ed. (St. Paul, MN: Thomson-West, 2007) 383.
161. National Archives and Records Admin. v. Favish, 541 U.S. 157 (2004).
162. National Archives and Records Admin., 541 U.S. 157 (2004), at 168-69.
163. Clay Calvert, "The Privacy of Death: An Emergent Jurisprudence and Legal Rebuke to Media Exploitation and a Voyeuristic Culture," Loyola Law and Entertainment Law Review 26 (2005-6): 133. 25.
164. Ernest Partridge, "Posthumous Interests and Posthumous Respect," Ethics 91 (1981): 243.
165. Whitman, "Two Western Cultures of Privacy," 1151, 1211.
166. Tim Arango, "Jackson Earnings Grow by Millions after Death," New York Times, 13 August 2009.
167. Jonathan L. Kranz, "Sharing the Spotlight: Equitable Distribution of the Right of Publicity," Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 13 (1995): 917, 934.
168. Kenneth E. Spahn, "The Right of Publicity: A Matter of Privacy, Property, or Public Domain?" Nova Law Review 19 (1995): 1013, 1023.
169. Jonathan L. Faber, "Indiana: A Celebrity-Friendly Jurisdiction," Res Gestae 43 (2000): 24-30.
170. Rosemary Coombe, "Authorizing the Celebrity: Publicity Rights, Postmodern Politics, and Unauthorized Genders," Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 10 (1992): 365, 366-67.
171. McCarthy, Rights of Publicity, § 9.18.
172. McCarthy, Rights of Publicity, § 9.19.
173. McCarthy, Rights of Publicity, § 9.16-40.
174. Michael Madow, "Private Ownership of Public Image: Popular Culture and Publicity Rights," California Law Review 81 (1993): 125, 132.
175. Mark McKenna, "The Right of Publicity and Autonomous Self-Definition," University of Pittsburgh Law Review 67 (2005-6): 225, 253.
176. Coombe, "Authorizing the Celebrity," 370-71.
177. Coombe, "Authorizing the Celebrity," 370-71.
178. David Lange, "Recognizing the Public Domain," Law and Contemporary Problems 44 (1981): 147, 163.
179. Anthony Liebig, "Style and Performance," Bulletin of the Copyright Society 17 (1969): 40, 47
180. Lange, "Reimagining the Public Domain," 463, 467.
181. Madow, "Private Ownership of Public Image," 145.
182. Ray D. Madoff, "Taxing Personhood: Estate Taxes and the Compelled Commodification of Identity," Virginia Tax Review 17 (1998): 759
183. Mitchell M. Gans, Bridget J. Crawford, and Jonathan G. Blattmachr, "The Estate Tax Fundamentals of Celebrity and Control," Yale Law Journal 118 (2008): Pocket Part 50
184. Joshua C. Tate, "Marilyn Monroe's Legacy: Taxation of Postmortem Publicity Rights," Yale Law Journal 118 (2008): Pocket Part 38.
185. James Casner and W. Barton, Leach Cases and Text on Property, 4th ed. (New York: Aspen Law and Business, 2000), 211.
186. Marci Hamilton, The Historical and Philosophical Underpinnings of the Copyright Clause, Occasional Papers in Intellectual Property from the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Yeshiva University (New York: Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, Jacob Burns Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, 1999).
187. Paul K. Saint-Armour, The Copywrights: Intellectual Property and the Literary Imagination (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), 125.
188. Samuel L. Clemens, "Copyright in Perpetuity," Green Bag, 2nd ser., 6, no. 1 (2002): 109
189. Susan Eilenberg, "Mortal Pages: Wordsworth and the Reform for Copyright," ELH 56 (1989): 351-74.
190. D. T. Max, "The Injustice Collector," New Yorker, 19 June 2006.
191. Saint-Armour, Copywrights, 156.
192. Saint-Armour, Copywrights, 157.
193. Mark Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 2.
194. Paul M. Schwartz and William Michael Treanor, "Eldred and Lochner: Copyright Term Extension and the Intellectual Property as Constitutional Property," Yale Law Journal 112 (2001): 2331, 2338.
195. Rose, Authors and Owners, 2.
196. Rose, Authors and Owners, 2.
197. Alfred Yen, "Eldred, the First Amendment, and Aggressive Copyright Claims," Houston Law Review 40 (2003): 673, 675, and articles cited in n. 5.
198. Joe Liu, "Copyright and Breathing Space," Columbia Journal of Law and the Arts 30 (2007): 429.
199. Liu, "Copyright and Breathing Space." The fair use exception provides: "Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright." 17 U.S.C. 107.
200. David Nimmer, "'Fairest of Them All' and Other Fairy Tales of Fair Use," Law and Contemporary Problems 66 (2003): 263, 281-82.
201. Liu, "Copyright and Breathing Space," 106 and articles cited in n. 27.
202. Joseph P. Liu, "Copyright and Time: A Proposal," Michigan Law Review 101 (2002): 409
203. Justin Hughes, "Fair Use across Time," UCLA Law Review 50 (2003): 775
204. Michael W. Carroll, "Fixing Fair Use," North Carolina Law Review 85 (2007): 1087
205. Gideon Parchomovsky and Kevin A. Goldman, "Fair Use Harbors," Virginia Law Review 93 (2007): 1483.
206. Cambra E. Stern, "A Matter of Life or Death: The Visual Artists Rights Act and the Problem of Postmortem Moral Rights," UCLA Law Review 51 (2004): 849, 854.
207. C. Van Rij and H. Best, eds., Moral Rights: Reports Presented at the Meeting of the International Association of Entertainment Lawyers, MIDEM 1995, Cannes (Apeldoorn, Netherlands: MAKLU, 1995), 27-36.