Use of first-generation HCV protease inhibitors in patients coinfected by HIV and HCV genotype 1

Liver International

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 869-889

  Salmon Ceron, Dominique ^a,b   Arvieux, Cédric ^c   Bourlière, Marc ^d   Cacoub, Patrice ^e,f   Halfon, Philippe ^g   Lacombe, Karine ^e,h   Pageaux, Georges Philippe ^i,j   Pialoux, Gilles ^e,k   Piroth, Lionel ^l,m   Poizot Martin, Isabelle ⁿ   Rosenthal, Eric ^o,p   Pol, Stanislas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b Institut Cochin   (France)

^c PONTCHAILLOU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^d HÔPITAL SAINT JOSEPH   (France)

^e SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^f PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^g Laboratoire Alphabio   (France)

^h HÔPITAL SAINT ANTOINE   (France)

ⁱ UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

^j HÔPITAL SAINT ELOI   (France)

^k HÔPITAL TENON   (France)

^l UNIV BOURGOGNE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

^m DIJON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

ⁿ HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

^o UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

^p CENTRE HOSPITALIER UNIVERSITAIRE DE NICE   (France)

more..

Author keywords

HCV genotype 1; HIV HCV coinfection; Protease inhibitors

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; BOCEPREVIR; CARBAMAZEPINE; DARUNAVIR; DEXAMETHASONE; EFAVIRENZ; EMOLLIENT AGENT; ETRAVIRINE; FOSAMPRENAVIR; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; INTEGRASE INHIBITOR; LOPINAVIR; MARAVIROC; METHADONE; NEVIRAPINE; NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; R-METHADONE; RIBAVIRIN; RILPIVIRINE; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; STEROID; TELAPREVIR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ANEMIA; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ANUS PRURITUS; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; ASSAY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LIVER FIBROSIS; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MIXED INFECTION; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT EDUCATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TREATMENT DURATION; VIRUS LOAD; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECTS; DRUG INTERACTION; ENZYMOLOGY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; HEPACIVIRUS; HIV INFECTIONS; METABOLISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; COINFECTION; DRUG INTERACTIONS; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; GENOTYPE; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS;

EID: 84902536250     PISSN: 14783223     EISSN: 14783231     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/liv.12363     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Leroy V, Serfaty L, Bourlière M, et al. Protease inhibitor-based triple therapy in chronic hepatitis C: guidelines by the French Association for the Study of the Liver. Liver Int 2012; 32: 1477-92.
2. Serpaggi J, Chaix M-L, Batisse D, et al. Sexually transmitted acute infection with a clustered genotype 4 hepatitis C virus in HIV-1-infected men and inefficacy of early antiviral therapy. AIDS 2006; 20: 233-40.
3. Larsen C, Chaix M-L, Le Strat Y, et al. Gaining greater insight into HCV emergence in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: the HEPAIG Study. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e29322.
4. Wandeler G, Gsponer T, Bregenzer A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: a rapidly evolving epidemic. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55: 1408-16.
5. Buffet-Janvresse C, Peigue-Lafeuille H, Benichou J, et al. HIV and HCV co-infection: situation at six French university hospitals in the year 2000. J Med Virol 2003; 69: 7-17.
6. Cacoub P, Halfon P, Rosenthal E, et al. Care of hepatitis C virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: modifications in three consecutive large surveys between 2004 and 2009. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 230-7.
7. Poynard T, Mathurin P, Lai C-L, et al. A comparison of fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2003; 38: 257-65.
8. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Di Martino V, et al. Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. The Multivirc Group Hepatology 1999; 30: 1054-8.
9. Bonnard P, Lescure FX, Amiel C, et al. Documented rapid course of hepatic fibrosis between two biopsies in patients coinfected by HIV and HCV despite high CD4 cell count. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14: 806-11.
10. Hunt PW. HIV and inflammation: mechanisms and consequences. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2012; 9: 139-47.
11. Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med 2008; 5: e203.
12. Nixon DE, Landay AL. Biomarkers of immune dysfunction in HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010; 5: 498-503.
13. Loko MA, Bani-Sadr F, Winnock M, et al. Impact of HAART exposure and associated lipodystrophy on advanced liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18: e307-14.
14. Lewden C, May T, Rosenthal E, et al. Changes in causes of death among adults infected by HIV between 2000 and 2005: The "Mortalité 2000 and 2005" surveys (ANRS EN19 and Mortavic). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 48: 590-8.
15. Rosenthal E, Salmon D, Roussilon C, et al. Liver related mortality in HIV-infected patients between 1995 and 2010. Results of the french national survey "ANRS EN20" Mortalité/Mortavic 2010. The International Liver Congress. 47th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL 2012). Barcelona, Spain. April 18-22, 2012. In J Hepatol 2012; 56:S1-614.
16. Rosenthal E, Salmon-Céron D, Lewden C, et al. Liver-related deaths in HIV-infected patients between 1995 and 2005 in the French GERMIVIC Joint Study Group Network (Mortavic 2005 study in collaboration with the Mortalité 2005 survey, ANRS EN19). HIV Med 2009; 10: 282-9.
17. Pambrun E, Winnock M, Loko M, et al. Mortality risk and causes of death in a cohort of HIV/HCV infected patients in France: ANRS C013 HEPAVIH. 22nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2012). London, UK. 31 March-3 April 2012. 2012.
18. Morlat P, Roussillon C, Henard S, et al. Evolution of the Causes of Death among HIV+ Patients between 2000 and 2010: Results of the French National Survey "ANRS EN20 Mortalité 2010."19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2012). Atlanta, WA, US. March 5-8, 2012. 2012; Abstract 1130.
19. Bourcier V, Winnock M, Ait Ahmed M, et al. Primary liver cancer is more aggressive in HIV-HCV coinfection than in HCV infection. A prospective study (ANRS CO13 Hepavih and CO12 Cirvir). Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2012; 36:214-21.
20. Merchante N, Merino E, López-Aldeguer J, et al. Increasing Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HIV-Infected Patients in Spain. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56: 143-50.
21. Salmon-Ceron D, Rosenthal E, Lewden C, et al. Emerging role of hepatocellular carcinoma among liver-related causes of deaths in HIV-infected patients: The French national Mortalité 2005 study. J Hepatol 2009; 50: 736-45.
22. Lanoy E, JP S, Ph B, et al. Cancers chez les adultes infectés par le VIH en france en 2006: étude ONCOVIH. BEH 2006; 45:443-6.
23. Limketkai BN, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, et al. Relationship of liver disease stage and antiviral therapy with liver-related events and death in adults coinfected with HIV/HCV. JAMA 2012; 308: 370-8.
24. Sogni P, Pambrun E, Loko M, et al. Non-invasive tests including FibroScan® have high negative predictive value for the risk of liver complications and liver-related death in unselected HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: Results from the prospective ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. The Liver Meeting. The 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD 2011). November 4-8, 2011. San Francisco, US. In Hepatology 2011; 54:32A-1513A.
25. Tuma P, Jarrin I, Del Amo J, et al. Survival of HIV-infected patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. AIDS 2010; 24: 745-53.
26. Merchante N, Rivero-Juárez A, Téllez F, et al. Liver stiffness predicts clinical outcome in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 2012; 56: 228-38.
27. Berenguer J, Alvarez-Pellicer J, Martín PM, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon plus ribavirin reduces liver-related complications and mortality in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 2009; 50: 407-13.
28. Jiang W, Lederman MM, Hunt P, et al. Plasma levels of bacterial DNA correlate with immune activation and the magnitude of immune restoration in persons with antiretroviral-treated HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 1177-85.
29. Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12: 1365-71.
30. Gonzalez VD, Falconer K, Blom KG, et al. High levels of chronic immune activation in the T-cell compartments of patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and on highly active antiretroviral therapy are reverted by alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment. J Virol 2009; 83: 11407-11.
31. Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Berenguer J, de Castro IF, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon-α plus ribavirin decreases inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66: 645-9.
32. Appay V, Almeida JR, Sauce D, Autran B, Papagno L. Accelerated immune senescence and HIV-1 infection. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42: 432-7.
33. Tassiopoulos K, Landay A, Collier AC, et al. CD28-negative CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected adults enrolled in adult clinical trials group studies. J Infect Dis 2012; 205: 1730-8.
34. Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010; 140: 883-99.
35. Mehta SH, Thomas DL, Torbenson M, et al. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease among adults with HIV and hepatitis C coinfection. Hepatology 2005; 41: 123-31.
36. Bräu N, Salvatore M, Ríos-Bedoya CF, et al. Slower fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with successful HIV suppression using antiretroviral therapy. J Hepatol 2006; 44: 47-55.
37. Qurishi N, Kreuzberg C, Lüchters G, et al. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on liver-related mortality in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection. Lancet 2003; 362: 1708-13.
38. Körner C, Tolksdorf F, Riesner K, et al. Hepatitis C coinfection enhances sensitization of CD4(+) T-cells towards Fas-induced apoptosis in viraemic and HAART-controlled HIV-1-positive patients. Antivir Ther (Lond.) 2011; 16: 1047-55.
39. Resino S, Sánchez-Conde M, Berenguer J. Coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: noninvasive assessment and staging of fibrosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25: 564-9.
40. Degos F, Perez P, Roche B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan and comparison to liver fibrosis biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis: a multicenter prospective study (the FIBROSTIC study). J Hepatol 2010; 53: 1013-21.
41. Sánchez-Conde M. Montes Ramírez ML, Bellón Cano JM, et al. Impact of liver steatosis on the correlation between liver stiffness and fibrosis measured by transient elastography in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18: e278-83.
42. Bani-Sadr F, Lapidus N, Bedossa P, et al. Progression of fibrosis in HIV and hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients treated with interferon plus ribavirin-based therapy: analysis of risk factors. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 768-74.
43. Cartón J-A, Collazos J, de la Fuente B, Asensi V. Course of liver fibrosis in HIV-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients depending on the response to hepatitis C therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29: 215-22.
44. Berenguer J, Rodríguez E, Miralles P, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon plus ribavirin reduces non-liver-related mortality in patients coinfected with HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55: 728-36.
45. Branch AD, Van Natta ML, Vachon M-L, et al. Mortality in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with a diagnosis of AIDS in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55: 137-44.
46. Salmon D, Lacombe K, Pambrun E, et al. Sustained virological response and occurrence of end stage liver disease event (ESLD) in HIV/HCV-related cirrhosis, ANRS C013 HEPAVIH cohort. The Liver Meeting. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD 2012). November 9-13, 2012. Boston, US. In Hepatology. 2012; 56:191A-1144A.
47. Kemmer N, Hua L, Andersen JW, et al. Health-related quality of life in subjects with HCV/HIV coinfection: results from ACTG 5178 study. J Viral Hepat 2012; 19: 792-800.
48. Sulkowski MS, Sherman KE, Dieterich DT, et al. Combination Therapy With Telaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection in Patients With HIV: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 86-96.
49. Sulkowski M, Pol S, Mallolas J, et al. Boceprevir versus placebo with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in patients with HIV: a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 597-605.
50. Rapport 2010 Sur la prise en charge médicale des personnes infectées par le VIH sous la direction du Pr. Patrick Yéni. La documentation française; 2010.
51. Fartoux L, Chazouillères O, Wendum D, Poupon R, Serfaty L. Impact of steatosis on progression of fibrosis in patients with mild hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005; 41: 82-7.
52. McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 580-93.
53. Saadoun D, Delluc A, Piette JC, Cacoub P. Treatment of hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20: 23-8.
54. Jacobson IM, McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2405-16.
55. Poordad F, McCone J Jr, Bacon BR, et al. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1195-206.
56. Poordad F, Bronowicki J-P, Gordon SC, et al. Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis C virus infection to boceprevir. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 608-18. e1-5
57. Sherman KE, Shire NJ, Rouster SD, et al. Viral kinetics in hepatitis C or hepatitis C/human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 313-27.
58. Kwo PY, Lawitz EJ, McCone J, et al. Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 705-16.
59. Pearlman BL, Ehleben C. Hepatitis C. Genotype 1 virus with low viral load and rapid virologic response to peginterferon/ribavirin obviates a protease inhibitor. Hepatology 2013; doi:10.1002/hep.26624 [Epub ahead of print].
60. Poynard T, Colombo M, Bruix J, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b and Ribavirin: Effective in Patients With Hepatitis C Who Failed Interferon alfa/Ribavirin Therapy. Gastroenterology 2009; 136(1618-1628): e2.
61. Núñez M, Miralles C, Berdún MA, et al. Role of weight-based ribavirin dosing and extended duration of therapy in chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: the PRESCO trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23: 972-82.
62. Chevaliez S, Hézode C, Soulier A, et al. High-dose pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin in nonresponder hepatitis C patients and relationship with IL-28B genotype (SYREN trial). Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 119-27.
63. Bonnard P, Dominguez S, Driss H, et al. Enhanced treatment of hepatitis C in HIV co-infected patients with peg interferon 2a 360 microg/w and weight-adjusted ribavirin high dose and hematological growth factors in non responders patients to a first well conducted anti-HCV treatment; results of the ANRS HC 20 ETOC study. The Liver Meeting. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD 2012). November 9-13, 2012. Boston, US. In Hepatology. 2012; 56: 191A-1144A.
64. Cotte L, Braun J, Lascoux-Combe C, et al. High early virological response with telaprevir-pegylated inteferon ribavirin in treatment experienced hepatitis C virus genotype 1/HIV coinfecyed patients: ANRS HC26 TelapreVIH Study. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013). Atlanta, GA, US. 2013; Abstract 36.
65. Poizot-Martin I, Belissant E, Piroth L, et al. ANRS-HC27 BocepreVIH Interim analysis: high early virologic responses with boceprevir +pegylated interferon +rivavirin in hepatits C virus/HIV coinfected patients with previous failure to pegylated interferon + ribavirin. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013). Atlanta, GA, US. 2013; Abstract 37.
66. Hézode C, Fontaine H, Dorival C, et al. Triple therapy in treatment-experienced patients with HCV-cirrhosis in a multicentre cohort of the French Early Access Programme (ANRS CO20-CUPIC). J Hepatol 2013; 59: 434-41.
67. Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, et al. Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2417-28.
68. Bacon BR, Gordon SC, Lawitz E, et al. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1207-17.
69. Bronowicki J-P, Davis MN, Flamm SL. Sustained virologic response (SVR) in prior peginterferon/ribavirin (PR) treatment failures after retreatment with boceprevir (BOC) + PR: PROVIDE Study Interim Results. The International Liver Congress. 47th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL 2012). Barcelona, Spain. April 18-22, 2012. In J Hepatol 2012; 56: S1-614.
70. Berg T, Andreone P, Pol S, et al. Predictors of virologic response with telaprevir-based combination treatment in HCV genotype 1-infected patients with prior peg-ifn/ribavirin failure: post-hoc analysis of the phase III REALIZE study. The International Liver Congress. 47th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL 2012). Barcelona, Spain. April 18-22, 2012. In J Hepatol 2012; 56: S1-614.
71. Pol S, Aersens J, Zeuzem S, et al. Similar SVR rates in IL28b CC, CT ot TT prior relapser, partial or null-responder patients treated with telaprevir/peg-IFN/ribavirin: retrospective analysis of the REALIZE study. The International Liver Congress 2011. 46th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the liver (EASL 2011). Berlin, Germany. 30 March-3 April 2011. In J Hepatol 2011; 54: S1-594.
72. Buti M, Agarwal K, Horsmans Y, et al. Optimize trial: non inferiority of twice daily telaprevir versus administration every eight hours in treatment naïve, genotype 1 HCV-infected patients. The Liver Meeting. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD 2012). November 9-13, 2012. Boston, US. In Hepatology. 2012; 56: 191A-1144A.
73. Wedemeyer H, Jensen DM, Godofsky E, et al. Recommendations for standardized nomenclature and definitions of viral response in trials of hepatitis C virus investigational agents. Hepatology 2012; 56: 2398-403.
74. Sherman KE, Flamm SL, Afdhal NH, et al. Response-guided telaprevir combination treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1014-24.
75. Jacobson IM, Marcellin P, Zeuzem S, et al. Refinement of stopping rules during treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1 infection with boceprevir and peginterferon/ribavirin. Hepatology 2012; 56: 567-75.
76. Jacobson I, Bartels D, Gritz L, et al. Futility rules in telaprevir combination treatment. The International Liver Congress. 47th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL 2012). Barcelona, Spain. April 18-22, 2012. In J Hepatol 2012;56:S1-614.
77. Halfon P, Locarnini S. Hepatitis C virus resistance to protease inhibitors. J Hepatol 2011; 55: 192-206.
78. Sulkowski MS, Poordad F, Manns MP, et al. Anemia during treatment with peginterferon Alfa-2b/ribavirin and boceprevir: Analysis from the serine protease inhibitor therapy 2 (SPRINT-2) trial. Hepatology 2013; 57: 974-84.
79. Sulkowski MS, Reddy R, Afdhal N, et al. Anemia had no effect on efficacy outcomes in treatment-naive patients who received telaprevir-based regimen in the ADVANCE and ILLUMINATE phase 3 studies. The International Liver Congress 2011. 46th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the liver (EASL 2011). Berlin, Germany. 30 March-3 April 2011. In J. Hepatol. 2011; 54: S1-594.
80. Reddy KR, Shiffman ML, Morgan TR, et al. Impact of ribavirin dose reductions in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 patients completing peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 124-9.
81. Poordad F, Lawitz E, Reddy KR, et al. Effects of Ribavirin Dose Reduction vs Erythropoietin for Boceprevir-Related Anemia in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection-A Randomized Trial. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 1035-44.
82. Cacoub P, Bourlière M, Lübbe J, et al. Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 455-63.
83. FDA Drug Safety Communication: serious skin reactions after combination treatment with the hepatitis C drug Incivek (telaprevir), peginterferon, and ribavirin. 2012.
84. Solas C, Pambrun E, Winnock M, et al. Ribavirin and abacavir drug interaction in HIV-HCV coinfected patients: fact or fiction? AIDS 2012; 26: 2193-9.
85. Gordon S, Lawitz E, Bacon BR, et al. Adherence to assigned dosing regimen and sustained virologic response among hepatitis C genotype 1 treatment naïve and pegribavirin treatment-failures treated with boceprevir plus peg-IFN alfa 2b/ribavirin. The International Liver Congress 2011. 46th annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the liver (EASL 2011). Berlin, Germany. 30 March-3 April 2011. In J Hepatol 2011; 54:S1-594.
86. Pradier C, Bentz L, Spire B, et al. Efficacy of an educational and counseling intervention on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: French prospective controlled study. HIV Clin Trials 2003; 4: 121-31.
87. Cacoub P, Ouzan D, Melin P, et al. Patient education improves adherence to peg-interferon and ribavirin in chronic genotype 2 or 3 hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective, real-life, observational study. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 6195-203.
88. Marcellin P, Chousterman M, Fontanges T, et al. Adherence to treatment and quality of life during hepatitis C therapy: a prospective, real-life, observational study. Liver Int 2011; 31: 516-24.
89. Larrey D, Salse A, Ribard D, et al. Education by a nurse increases response of patients with chronic hepatitis C to therapy with peginterferon-α2a and ribavirin. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 781-5.
90. Dieterich D, Rockstroh J, Orkin O, et al. Simprevir with Pegylated Interferon/Ribavirin in Patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus and HIV-1: week -24 interim analysis of TMC435-C212 study. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013). Atlanta, GA, US. 2013; Abstract 154LB.
91. Dieterich D, Soriano V, Nelson M, et al. StartVerso 4: high rates of early virologic response in hepatits C virus genotype 1/HIV coinfected patients tretad with faldaprevir + pegylated interferon and ribavirin. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013). Atlanta, GA, US. 2013; Abstract 40LB.