Toxic potential of paracetamol to freshwater organisms: A headache to environmental regulators?

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Volumn 107, Issue , 2014, Pages 178-185

  Nunes, Bruno ^a   Antunes, Sara C ^a,c   Santos, Joana ^a   Martins, Liliana ^b   Castro, Bruno B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Acetaminophen; Aquatic organisms; Effects assessment; Pharmaceutical drugs; Species sensitivity distribution curve; Standard toxicity tests

Indexed keywords

ANTIPYRETIC ANALGESIC AGENT; DRINKING WATER; PARACETAMOL; ANALGESIC AGENT; FRESH WATER; WATER POLLUTANT;

DRUG; ECOTOXICOLOGY; FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; TOXICITY TEST;

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARTICLE; ECOTOXICOLOGY; EFFLUENT; FRESHWATER SPECIES; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYLOGENY; TOXICITY TESTING; ALIIVIBRIO FISCHERI; ANGIOSPERM; ANIMAL; AQUATIC SPECIES; DAPHNIA; DRUG EFFECTS; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; MICROALGA; REFERENCE VALUE; TOXICITY; WATER POLLUTANT;

ACETAMINOPHEN; ALIIVIBRIO FISCHERI; ANALGESICS, NON-NARCOTIC; ANGIOSPERMS; ANIMALS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; DAPHNIA; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; FRESH WATER; MICROALGAE; REFERENCE VALUES; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84902528540     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: 10902414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.027     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Antunes S.C., Castro B.B., Gonçalves F. Chronic responses of different clones of Daphnia longispina (field and ephippia) to different food levels. Acta Oecol. 2003, 24:S325-S332.
2. Antunes S.C., Pereira R., Gonçalves F. Evaluation of the potential toxicity (acute and chronic) of sediments from an abandoned uranium mine ponds. J. Soils Sediments 2007, 7(6):368-376.
3. Antunes S.C., Freitas R., Figueira E., Gonçalves F., Nunes B. Biochemical effects of Acetaminophen in aquatic species: edible clams Venerupis decussatus and Venerupis philippinarum. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2013, 20:6658-6666.
4. ASTM, 1980. Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. Report E 729-80. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, USA.
5. ASTM, 1997. Standard Guide for Conducting Daphnia magna Life-cycle Toxicity Tests. Report E 1193-97. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, USA.
6. AZUR Environmental, 1998. Microtox® Omni Manual. Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
7. Baird D.J., Barber I., Bradley M., Calow P., Soares A.M.V.M. The Daphnia bioassay: a critique. Hydrobiologia 1989, 188-189:403-406.
8. Benotti M.J., Trenholm R.A., Vanderford B.J., Holady J.C., Stanford B.D., Snyder S.A. Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:597-603.
9. Berling I., Anscombe M., Isbister G.K. Intravenous paracetamol toxicity in a malnourished child. Clin. Toxicol. (Philadelphia) 2012, 50(1):74-76.
10. Bessems J.G., Vermeulen N.P. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced toxicity: molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2001, 31(1):55-138.
11. Blaise C., Jean-Francois F. Small scale freshwater toxicity investigation. Toxicity Test Methods, vol. I 2005, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. C. Blaise, J.-F. Férard. (Eds.).
12. Boobis A.R., Tee L.B.G., Hampden C.E., Davies D.S. Freshly isolated hepatocytes as a model for studying the toxicity of paracetamol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1986, 24(6-7):731-736.
13. Bound J.P., Voulvoulis N. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment-a comparison of risk assessment strategies. Chemosphere 2004, 56(11):1143-1155.
14. Brandão F.P., Pereira J.L., Gonçalves F., Nunes B. The impact of paracetamol on selected biomarkers of the mollusc species Corbicula fluminea. Environ. Toxicol. 2014, 29:74-83. 10.1002/tox.20774.
15. Breitholtz M., Rudén C., Hanssonb S.O., Bengtssona B.-Erik. Ten challenges for improved ecotoxicological testing in environmental risk assessment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2006, 63(2):324-335.
16. Brind A.M. Drugs that damage the liver. Medicine 2007, 35(1):26-30.
17. Castro B.B., Consciência S., Gonçalves F. Life history responses of Daphnia longispina to mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) kairomones. Hydrobiologia 2007, 594:165-174.
18. Daughton C.G., Ternes T.A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?. Environ. Health Perspect. 1999, 107:907-938.
19. Davern T.J., James L.P., Hinson J.A., Polson J., Larson A.M., Fontana R.J., Lalani E., Munoz S., Shakil A.O., Lee W.M. Measurement of serum acetaminophen-protein adducts in patients with acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2006, 130:687-694.
20. de Voogt P., Janex-Habibi M.-L., Sacher F., Puijker L., Mons M. Development of a common priority list of pharmaceuticals relevant for the water cycle. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 59:39-46.
21. Environment Canada Biological Test Method: Growth Inhibition Test Using the Freshwater Alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Report EPS 1/RM/25 1992, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
22. Fang T.-H., Nan F.-H., Chin T.-S., Feng H.-M. The occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical compounds in the effluents of a major sewage treatment plant in Northern Taiwan and the receiving coastal waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64(7):1435-1444.
23. Fanjul-Moles M.L., Gonsebatt M.E. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in Crustacean life cycles. Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems 2012, 208-223. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Chichester, UK, (Chapter 15). D. Abele, J.P. Vázquez-Medina, T. Zenteno-Savín (Eds.).
24. Fent K., Weston A., Caminada D. Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquat. Toxicol. 2006, 76:122-159.
25. Ferrari B., Paxéus N., Lo Giudice R., Pollio A., Garric J. Ecotoxicological impact of pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2003, 55:359-370.
26. Finney D.J. Probit Analysis 1971, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
27. Forbes V.E., Calow P. Population growth rate as a basis for ecological risk assessment of toxic chemicals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2002, 357:1299-1306.
28. Garric J., Migeon B., Vindimian E. Lethal effects of draining on brown trout. A predictive model based on field and laboratory studies. Water Res. 1990, 24:59-65.
29. Geenen S., du Preez F.B., Snoep J.L., Foster A.J., Sarda S., Kenna J.G., Wilson I.D., Westerhof H.V. Glutathione metabolism modeling: a mechanism for liver drug-robustness and a new biomarker strategy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1830(10):4943-4959.
30. Gonçalves A.M.M., Castro B.B., Pardal M.A., Gonçalves F. Salinity effects on survival and life history of two freshwater cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Daphnia longispina). Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Limnol. 2007, 43:13-20.
31. Halling-Sörensen S., Nielsen S.N., Lanzky P.F., Ingerslev F., Lützhøft H.C.H., Jørgensen S.E. Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment. Chemosphere 1998, 36:357-393.
32. Hinson J.A., Reid A.B., McCullough S.S., James L.P. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition. Drug Metab. Rev. 2004, 36(3-4):805-822.
33. ISO Water Quality: Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) - Acute Toxicity Test. ISO International Standard 6341 1996, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
34. ISO Water quality: determination of long term toxicity of substances to Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea). ISO International Standard 10706 2000, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
35. Jaeschke H., Bajt M.L. Intracellular signaling mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver cell death. Toxicol. Sci. 2006, 89(1):31-41.
36. Jaeschke H., Knight T.R., Bajt M.L. The role of oxidant stress and reactive nitrogen species in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 144:279-288.
37. Jones O.A.H., Voulvoulis N., Lester J.N. Aquatic environmental assessment of the top 25 English prescription pharmaceuticals. Water Res. 2002, 36:5013-5022.
38. Kavitha P., Ramesh R., Bupesh G., Stalin A., Subramanian P. Hepatoprotective activity of Tribulus terrestris extract against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). in vitro Cell Dev. Biol. - Animal 2011, 47:698-706.
39. Klaassen C.D. Casarett & Doull[U+05F3]s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons 2001, McGraw-Hill, New York (NY), USA. 6th edition.
40. Kolpin D.W., Furlong E.T., Meyer M.T., Thurman E.M., Zaugg S.D., Barber L.B., Buxton H.T. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(6):1202-1211.
41. LeBlanc G.A. Crustacean endocrine toxicology: a review. Ecotoxicology 2007, 16:61-81.
42. Letelier M.G., Lopez-Valladares M., Peredo-Silva L., Rojas-Sepúlveda D., Aracena P. Microsomal oxidative damage promoted by acetaminophen metabolismo. Toxicol. in vitro 2011, 25:1310-1313.
43. Li Z.H., Randak T. Residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment-status, toxicity and kinetics: a review. Vet. Med. 2009, 54:295-314.
44. Loureiro C., Castro B.B., Pereira J.L., Gonçalves F. Performance of standard media in toxicological assessments with Daphnia magna: chelators and ionic composition versus metal toxicity. Ecotoxicology 2011, 20(1):139-148.
45. Lourenção B.C., Medeiros R.A., Filho R.C.R., Mazo L.H., Filho O.F. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of paracetamol and caffeine in pharmaceutical formulations using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2009, 78:748-752.
46. Maltby L., Blake N., Brock T.C.M., Van den Brink P.J. Insecticide species sensitivity distributions: importance of test species selection and relevance to aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2005, 24:379-388.
47. Meyer J.S., Ingersoll C.G., McDonald L.L., Boyce M.S. Estimating uncertainty in population growth rates: JackKnife vs. Bootstrap techniques. Ecology 1986, 67:1156-1166.
48. Metcalfe C.D., Koenig B.G., Bennie D.T., Servos M., Ternes T.A., Hirsch R. Occurrence of neutral and acidic drugs in the effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22:2872-2880.
49. Miao X.S., Koenig B.G., Metcalfe C.D. Analysis of acidic drugs in the effluents of sewage treatment plants using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 952:139-147.
50. OECD Daphnia magna Reproduction Test. Test Guideline 211 1998, OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), Paris, France.
51. OECD Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test. Revised Proposal for Updating Guideline 202 2000, OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), Paris, France.
52. OECD Algal Growth Inhibition Test. Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Test Guideline 201 2006, OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), Paris, France.
53. OECD Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test. Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Test Guideline 221 2006, OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), Paris, France.
54. Oggier D.M., Weisbrod C.J., Stoller A.M., Zenker A.K., Fent K. Effects of diazepam on gene expression and link to physiological effects in different life stages in zebrafish Danio rerio. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:7685-7691.
55. Parolini M., Binelli A., Cogni D., Riva C., Provini A. An in vitro biomarker approach for the evaluation of the ecotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Toxicol. in vitro 2009, 23:935-942.
56. Patel M., Tang B.K., Kalow W. Variability of acetaminophen metabolism in Caucasians and Orientals. Pharmacogenetics 1992, 2(1):38-45.
57. Prescott L.F. Kinetics and metabolism of paracetamol and phenacetin. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1980, 10:291S-298S.
58. Ramos A.S., Correia A.T., Antunes S., Gonçalves F., Nunes B. Effect of acetaminophen exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss gills and liver: detoxification mechanisms, oxidative defence system and peroxidative damage. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2014, 37(3):1221-1228.
59. Roberts P., Thomas K. The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 356:143-153.
60. Rodriguez E.M., Medesani D.A., Fingerman M. Endocrine disruption in crustaceans due to pollutants: a review. Comp. Biochem. Phys. Part A 2007, 146:661-671.
61. Sarma S.S.S., Gonzalez-Perez B.K., Moreno-Gutierrez R.M., Nandini S. Effect of paracetamol and diclofenac on population growth of Plationus patulus and Moina macrocopa. J. Environ. Biol. 2013, 35:119-126.
62. Schrap, S.M., Rijs, G.B., Beek, M.A., Maaskant, J.F., Staeb, J., Stroomberg, G., Tiesnitsch, J., 2003. Humane en veterinaire geneesmiddelen in Nederlands oppervlaktewater en afvalwater. RIZA report 86.
63. Solé M., Shaw J.P., Frickers P.E., Readman J.W., Hutchinson T.H. Effects on feeding rate and biomarker responses of marine mussels experimentally exposed to propranolol and acetaminophen. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396:649-656.
64. Ternes T.A. Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers1. Water Res. 1998, 32:3245-3260.
65. Thomas K.V., Dye C., Schlabach M., Langford K.H. Source to sink tracking of selected human pharmaceuticals from two Oslo city hospitals and a wastewater treatment works. J. Environ. Monit. 2007, 9(12):1410-1418.
66. Touliabah H.E., El-Bassat R.A., El-Shimy A., Harisa G.I. Oxidative stress of plankton community and some isolated species during paracetamol toxicity test. J. Biol. Sci. 2008, 8(1):13-23.
67. USEPA Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms 1994, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, (EPA 600/7-91-002).
68. Vale A. Paracetamol (acetaminophen). Medicine 2012, 40(3):144-146.
69. Vasseur P., Cossu-Leguille C. Linking molecular interactions to consequent effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) upon populations. Chemosphere 2006, 62(7):1033-1042.
70. Vindimian E., Robaut C., Fillion G. A method for cooperative and non cooperative binding studies using non linear regression analysis on a microcomputer. J. Appl. Biochem. 1983, 5:261-268.
71. Winker M., Faika D., Gulyas H., Otterpohl R. A comparison of human pharmaceutical concentrations in raw municipal wastewater and yellowwater. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 399:96-104.
72. Xu J.J., Hendriks B.S., Zhao J., Graaf D. Multiple effects of acetaminophen and p38 inhibitors: towards pathway toxicology. FEBS Lett. 2008, 582:1276-1282.
73. 2 photocatalysis. Water Res. 2008, 42:3480-3488.