Accurate expectancies diminish perceptual distraction during visual search

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Volumn 8, Issue MAY, 2014, Pages

  Sy, Jocelyn L ^a   Guerin, Scott A ^b   Stegman, Anna ^c   Giesbrecht, Barry ^c  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Distraction; Dorsal attention network; Selective attention; Visual cortex

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; BLOOD OXYGENATION; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; COGNITION; EXPECTATION; FEMALE; FRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTRAPARIETAL SULCUS; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PARIETAL CORTEX; PERCEPTION; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VISION; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 84901633569     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16625161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00334     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Akyürek, E. G., Vallines, I., Lin, E. J., and Schubö, A. (2010). Distraction and target selection in the brain: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 48, 3335-3342. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.019
2. Benoni, H., Zivony, A., and Tsal, Y. (2014). Attentional sets influence perceptual load effects, but not dilution effects. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (Hove) 67, 785-792. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.830629
3. Biggs, A. T., and Gibson, B. S. (2010). Competition between color salience and perceptual load during visual selection can be biased by top-down set. Atten. Percept. Psychophys. 72, 53-64. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.1.53
4. Bisley, J. W., and Goldberg, M. E. (2006). Neural correlates of attention and distractibility in the lateral intraparietal area. J. Neurophysiol. 95, 1696-1717. doi: 10.1152/jn.00848.2005
5. Brainard, D. H. (1997). The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spat. Vis. 10, 433-436. doi: 10.1163/156856897X00357
6. Bressler, S. L., Tang, W., Sylvester, C. M., Shulman, G. L., and Corbetta, M. (2008). Top-down control of human visual cortex by frontal and parietal cortex in anticipatory visual spatial attention. J. Neurosci. 28, 10056-10061. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1776-08.2008
7. Bundesen, C., Habekost, T., and Kyllingsbæk, S. (2005). A neural theory of visual attention: bridging cognition and neurophysiology. Psychol. Rev. 112, 291-328. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.291
8. Burock, M. A., Buckner, R. L., Woldorff, M. G., Rosen, B. R., and Dale, A. M. (1998). Randomized event-related experimental designs allow for extremely rapid presentation rates using functional MRI. Neuroreport 9, 3735-3739. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199811160-00030
9. Cartwright-Finch, U., and Lavie, N. (2007). The role of perceptual load in inattentional blindness. Cognition 102, 321-340. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.01.002
10. Chen, Z., and Cave, K. R. (2013). Perceptual load vs. dilution: the roles of attentional focus, stimulus category, and target predictability. Front. Psychol. 4:327. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00327
11. Chun, M. M., and Marois, R. (2002). The dark side of visual attention. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12, 184-189. doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00309-4
12. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychol. Bull. 112, 155-159. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
13. Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P., and Shulman, G. L. (2000). Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 292-297. doi: 10.1038/73009
14. Corbetta, M., and Shulman, G. L. (2002). Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 201-215. doi: 10.1038/nrn755
15. Dark, J. V., Johnston, W. A., Myles-Worsley, M., and Farah, M. J. (1985). Levels of selection and capacity limits. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 114, 472-497. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.114.4.472
16. de Fockert, J. W., Rees, G., Frith, C. D., and Lavie, N. (2001). The role of working memory in visual selective attention. Science 291, 1803-1806. doi: 10.1126/science.1056496
17. Demeter, E., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Sarter, M., and Lustig, C. (2011). Challenges to attention: a continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) study of the effects of distraction on sustained attention. Neuroimage 54, 1518-1529. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.026
18. Derrfuss, J., Brass, B., and von Cramon, D. Y. (2004). Cognitive control in the posterior frontolateral cortex: evidence from common activations in task coordination, interference control, and working memory. Neuroimage23, 604-612. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.007
19. Desimone, R., and Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 193-222. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
20. Eriksen, B. A., and Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Percept. Psychophys. 16, 143-149. doi: 10.3758/BF03203267
21. Friedman-Hill, S. R., Robertson, L. C., Desimone, R., and Ungerleider, L. G. (2003). Posterior parietal cortex and the filtering of distractors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 4263-4268. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0730772100
22. Fu, S., Fedota, J., Greenwood, P. M., and Parasuraman, R. (2010). Dissociation of visual C1 and P1 components as a function of attentional load: an event-related potential study. Biol. Psychol. 85, 171-178. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.06.008
23. Geng, J. J., and Mangun, G. R. (2009). Anterior intraparietal sulcus is sensitive to bottom-up attention driven by stimulus salience. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21, 1584-1601. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21103
24. Giesbrecht, B., Sy, J. L., Bundensen, C., and Kyllingsbæk, S. (2014). A new perspective on the perceptual selectivity of attention under load. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12404 [Epub ahead of print].
25. Giesbrecht, B., Sy, J. L., and Guerin, S. A. (2013). Both memory and attention systems contribute to visual search for targets cued implicitly by spatial context. Vis. Res. 85, 80-89. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.10.006
26. Giesbrecht, B., Weissman, D. H., Woldorff, M. G., and Mangun, G. R. (2006). Pre-target activity in visual cortex predicts behavioral performance on spatial and feature attention tasks. Brain Res. 1080, 63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.068
27. Giesbrecht, B., Woldorff, M. G., Song, A. W., and Mangun, G. R. (2003). Neural mechanisms of top-down control during spatial and feature attention. Neuroimage 19, 496-512. doi: 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00162-9
28. Gnadt, J. W., and Anderson, R. A. (1988). Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque. Exp. Brain Res. 70, 216-220. doi: 10.1007/BF00271862
29. Handy, T. C., Soltani, M., and Mangun, G. R. (2001). Perceptual load and visuocortical processing: event-related potentials reveal sensory-level selection. Psychol. Sci. 12, 213-218. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00338
30. Hebart, M. N., Donner, T. H., and Haynes, J.-D. (2012). Human visual and parietal cortex encode visual choices independent of motor plans. Neuroimage 63, 1393-1403. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.027
31. Heinze, H. J., Luck, S. J., Mangun, G. R., and Hillyard, S. A. (1990). Visual event-related potentials index focused attention within bilateral stimulus arrays. I. Evidence for early selection. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.75, 511-527. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90138-A
32. Heinze, H. J., and Mangun, G. R. (1995). Electrophysiological signs of sustained and transient attention to spatial locations. Neuropsychologia 33, 889-908. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00023-V
33. Heinze, H. J., Mangun, G. R., Burchert, W., Hinrichs, H., Scholz, M., Münte, T. D., et al. (1994). Combined spatial and temporal imaging of brain activity during visual selective attention in humans. Nature 372, 543-546. doi: 10.1038/372543a0
34. Hopfinger, J. B., Buonocore, M. H., and Mangun, G. R. (2000). The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 284-291. doi: 10.1038/72999
35. Jerde, T. A., and Curtis, C. (2013). Maps of space in human frontoparietal cortex. J. Physiol. Paris 107, 510-516. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.04.002
36. Johnson, D., McGrath, A., and McNeil, C. (2002). Cueing interacts with perceptual load in visual search. Psychol. Sci. 13, 284. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00452
37. Kahneman, D., and Chajczyk, D. (1983). Tests of automaticity of reading: dilutions of Stroop effects by color-irrelevant stimuli. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 9, 497-509. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.9.4.497
38. Kastner, S., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., and Ungerleider, L. G. (1998). Mechanisms of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed by functional MRI. Science 282, 108-111. doi: 10.1126/science.282.5386.108
39. Kayser, A. S., Erickson, D. T., Buchsbaum, B. R., and D'Esposito, M. (2010). Neural representations of relevant and irrelevant features in perceptual decision making. J. Neurosci. 30, 15778-15789. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3163-10.2010
40. Kelley, T. A., and Lavie, N. (2011). Working memory load modulates distractor competition in primary visual cortex. Cereb. Cortex 21, 659-665. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq139
41. Kim, S. M., and Hopfinger, J. M. (2010). Neural basis of visual distraction. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 1894-1807. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21325
42. Kincade, J. M., Abrams, R. A., Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. L., and Corbetta, M. (2005). An event-related fMRI study of voluntary and stimulus-driven orienting of attention. J. Neurosci. 25, 4593-4604. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0236-05.2005
43. Koechlin, E., Ody, C., and Kouneiher, F. (2003). The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Science 302, 1181-1185. doi: 10.1126/science.1088545
44. Konstantinou, N., and Lavie, N. (2013). Dissociable roles of different types of working memory load in visual detection. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 39, 919-924. doi: 10.1037/a0033037
45. Kyllingsbæk, S., Sy, J. L., and Giesbrecht, B. (2011). Understanding the allocation of attention when faced with varying perceptual load in partial report: a computational approach. Neuropsychologia 49, 1487-1497. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.039
46. Lavie, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 23, 451-468. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.21.3.451
47. Lavie, N. (2005). Distracted and confused?: selective attention under load. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9, 75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.004
48. Lavie, N. (2010). Attention, distraction and cognitive control under load. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 19, 143-148. doi: 10.1177/0963721410370295
49. Lavie, N., and Cox, S. (1997). On the efficiency of attentional selection: efficient visual search results in inefficient rejection of distraction. Psychol. Sci. 8, 395-398. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00432.x
50. Lavie, N., Hirst, A., de Fockert, J. W., and Viding, E. (2004). Load theory of selective attention and cognitive control. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 133, 339-354. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.339
51. Lavie, N., and Torralbo, A. (2010). Dilution: a theoretical burden or just load? A reply to Tsal and Benoni (2010). J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 36, 1657-1664. doi: 10.1037/a0020733
52. Lavie, N., and Tsal, Y. (1994). Perceptual load is a major determinant of the locus in visual attention. Percept. Psychophys. 56, 183-197. doi: 10.3758/BF03213897
53. Liu, T., and Pleskac, T. J. (2011). Neural correlates of evidence accumulation in a perceptual decision task. J. Neurophysiol. 106, 2383-2398. doi: 10.1152/jn.00413.2011
54. Loftus, G. R., and Masson, M. E. J. (1994). Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs. Psychon. Bull. Rev.1, 476-490. doi: 10.3758/BF03210951
55. Luck, S. J., Chelazzi, L., Hillyard, S. A., and Desimone, R. (1997). Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77, 24-42.
56. Mangun, G. R., and Buck, L. A. (1998). Sustained visual-spatial attention produces costs and benefits in response time and evoked neural activity. Neuropsychologia 36, 189-200. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00123-1
57. Mangun, G. R., and Hillyard, S. A. (1991). Modulation of sensory-evoked brain potentials provide evidence for changes in perceptual processing during visual-spatial priming. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 17, 1057-1074. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.17.4.1057
58. Martin, K., Jacobs, S., and Frey, S. H. (2011). Handedness-dependent and-independent cerebral asymmetries in the anterior intraparietal sulcus and ventral premotor cortex during grasp planning. Neuroimage 57, 502-512. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.036
59. McNab, F., and Klingberg, T. (2007). Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory. Nat. Neurosci. 11, 104-107. doi: 10.1038/nn2024
60. Melloni, L., van Leeuwen, S., Alink, A., and Müller, N. G. (2012). Interaction between bottom-up saliency and top-down control: how saliency maps are created in the human brain. Cereb. Cortex 22, 2943-2952. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr384
61. Mevorach, C., Humphreys, G. W., and Shalev, L. (2006). Opposite biases in salience-based selection for the left and right parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 740-742. doi: 10.1038/nn1709
62. Nobre, A. C., Coull, J. T., Walsh, V., and Frith, C. D. (2003). Brain activations during visual search: contributions of search efficiency versus feature binding. Neuroimage 18, 91-103. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1329
63. Nordfang, M., Dyrholm, M., and Bundesen, C. (2012). Identifying bottom-up and top-down components of attentional weight by experimental analysis and computational modeling. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 142, 510-535. doi: 10.1037/a0029631
64. Norman, D. A., and Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource limited processes. Cogn. Psychol. 7, 44-64. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(75)90004-3
65. Ollinger, J. M., Corbetta, M., and Shulman, G. L. (2001a). Separating processes within a trial in event-related functional MRI II. Analysis. Neuroimage 13, 218-229. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0711
66. Ollinger, J. M., Shulman, G. L., and Corbetta, M. (2001b). Separating processes within a trial in even-related functional MRI I. The method. Neuroimage 13, 210-217. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0710
67. Parks, N. A., Hillmire, M. R., and Corballis, P. M. (2011). Steady-state signatures of visual perceptual load, multimodal distractor filtering, and neural competition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 1113-1124. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21460
68. Paquet, L., and Craig, G. L. (1997). Evidence for selective target processing with a low perceptual lead flankers task. Mem. Cogn. 25 182-189. doi: 10.3758/BF03201111
69. Posner, M. I., Walker, J. A., Friedrich, F. A., and Rafal, R. D. (1984). How do the parietal lobes direct covert attention? Neuropsychologia 25, 135-145. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90049-2
70. Prinzmetal, W., McCool, C., and Park, S. (2005). Attention: reaction time and accuracy reveal different mechanisms. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 134, 73-92. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.134.1.73
71. Rees, G., Frith, C. D., and Lavie, N. (1997). Modulating irrelevant motion perception by varying attentional load in an unrelated task. Science 278, 1616-1619. doi: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1616
72. Reynolds, J. H., and Heeger, D. J. (2009). The normalization model of attention. Neuron 61, 168-185. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.002
73. Roper, J. J., Cosman, J. D., and Vecera, S. P. (2013). Perceptual load corresponds with factors known to influence visual search. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 39, 1340-1351. doi: 10.1037/a0031616
74. Rorden, C., Guerrini, C., Swainson, R., Lazzeri, M., and Baylis, G. C. (2008). Event related potentials reveal that increasing perceptual load leads to increased responses for target stimuli and decreased responses for irrelevant stimuli. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2:4. doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.004.2008
75. Santee, J. L., and Egeth, H. E. (1982). Do reaction time and accuracy measure the same aspects of letter recognition? J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 8, 489-501. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.8.4.489
76. Scalf, P. E., Torralbo, A., Tapia, E., and Bech, D. M. (2013). Competition explains limited attention and perceptual resources: implications for perceptual load and dilution theories. Front. Psychol. 4:243. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00243
77. Serences, J. T., Yantis, S., Culberson, A., and Awh, E. (2004). Preparatory activity in visual cortex indexes distractor suppression during covert spatial orienting. J. Neurophysiol. 92, 3538-3545. doi: 10.1152/jn.00435.2004
78. Slagter, H. A., Weissman, D. H., Giesbrecht, B., Kenemans, J. L., Mangun, G. R., Kok, A., et al. (2006). Brain regions activated by endogenous preparatory set shifting as revealed by fMRI. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 6, 175-189. doi: 10.3758/CABN.6.3.175
79. Sohn, M. H., and Carlson, R. A. (2000). Effects of repetition and foreknowledge in task-set reconfiguration. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 26, 1445-1460. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1445
80. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18, 643-662. doi: 10.1037/h0054651
81. Sylvester, C. Y., Wager, T. D., Lacey, S. C., Hernandez, L., Nicols, T. E., Smith, E. E., et al. (2003). Switching attention and resolving interference: fMRI measures of executive functions. Neuropsychologia 41, 357-370. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00167-7
82. Szczepanski, S. M., Konen, C. S., and Kastner, S. (2010). Mechanisms of spatial attention control in frontal and parietal cortex. J. Neurosci. 30, 148-160. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3862-09.2010
83. Theeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., and Belopolsky, A. (2004). Attentional set interacts with perceptual load in visual search. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 11, 697-702. doi: 10.3758/BF03196622
84. Todd, J. J., and Marois, R. (2004). Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature 428, 751-754. doi: 10.1038/nature02466
85. Torralbo, A., and Beck, D. M. (2008). Perceptual-load-induced selection as a result of local competitive interactions in visual cortex. Psychol. Sci. 19, 1045-1050. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02197.x
86. Treisman, A., and Gelade, G. (1980). A feature integration theory of attention. Cogn. Psychol. 12, 97-136. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
87. Tsal, Y., and Benoni, H. (2010). Diluting the burden of load: perceptual load effects are simply dilution effects. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 36, 1645-1656. doi: 10.1037/a0018172
88. Tunik, E., Ortigue, S., Adamovich, S. V., and Grafton, S. T. (2008). Differential recruitment of anterior intrapareital sulcus and superior parietal lobule during visually guided grasping revealed by electrical neuroimaging. J. Neurosci. 28, 13615-13629. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3303-08.2008
89. Van Voorhis, S. T., and Hillyard, S. A. (1977). Visual evoked potentials and selective attention to points in space. Percept. Psychophys. 22, 54-62. doi: 10.3758/BF03206080
90. Wijers, A. A., Lange, J. J., and Mulder, G. (1997). An ERP study of visual spatial attention and letter target detection for isoluminant and nonisoluminant stimuli. Psychophysiology 34, 553-565. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb01742.x
91. Wojciulik, E., and Kanwisher, N. (1999). The generality of parietal involvement in visual attention. Neuron 23, 747-764. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)80033-7
92. Woldorff, M. G., Hazlett, C. J., Fichtenholtz, H. M., Weissman, D. H., Dale, A. M., and Song, A. W. (2004). Functional parcellation of attentional control regions of the brain. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 16, 149-165. doi: 10.1162/089892904322755638
93. Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided Search 2.0: a revised model of visual search. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 1, 202-238. doi: 10.3758/BF03200774
94. Yantis, S., and Johnston, J. C. (1990). On the locus of visual selection: evidence from focused attention tasks. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 16, 135-149. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.16.1.135
95. Yantis, S., Schwarzbach, J., Serences, J., Carlson, R., Steinmetz, M. A., Pekar, J. J., et al. (2002). Transient neural activity in human parietal cortex during spatial attention shifts. Nat. Neurosci. 5, 995-1002. doi: 10.1038/nn921
96. Yi, D.-J., Woodman, G. F., Widders, D., Marois, R., and Chun, M. M. (2004). Neural fate of ignored stimuli: dissociable effects of perceptual and working memory load. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 992-996. doi: 10.1038/nn1294