Exercise- and hypoxia-induced blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses is reduced in older adults

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 116, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1324-1333

  Norris, H Cameron ^a   Mangum, Tyler S ^a   Duke, Joseph W ^a   Straley, Taylor B ^a   Hawn, Jerold A ^b   Goodman, Randy D ^b   Lovering, Andrew T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^b Oregon Heart and Vascular Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses; Saline contrast echocardiography

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANOXIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LUNG CIRCULATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PULMONARY ARTERY; PULMONARY VEIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANOXIA; ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSIS; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PULMONARY ARTERY; PULMONARY CIRCULATION; PULMONARY VEINS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84901236202     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01125.2013     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abushora MY, Bhatia N, Alnabki Z, Shenoy M, Alshaher M, Stod-dard MF. Intrapulmonary shunt is a potentially unrecognized cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26: 683-690, 2013.
2. Bates ML, Fulmer BR, Farrell ET, Drezdon A, Pegelow DF, Conhaim RL, Eldridge MW. Hypoxia recruits intrapulmonary arteriovenous pathways in intact rats but not isolated rat lungs. J Appl Physiol 112: 1915-1920, 2012.
3. Berk JL, Hagen JF, Tong RK, Maly G. The use of dopamine to correct the reduced cardiac output resulting from positive end-expiratory pressure. A two-edged sword. Crit Care Med 5: 269, 1977.
4. Butler BD, Hills BA. The lung as a filter for microbubbles. J Appl Physiol 47: 537-543, 1979.
5. Eldridge MW, Dempsey JA, Haverkamp HC, Lovering AT, Hokan-son JS. Exercise-induced intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol 97: 797-805, 2004.
6. Elliott JE, Choi Y, Laurie SS, Yang X, Gladstone IM, Lovering AT. Effect of initial gas bubble composition on detection of inducible intrapul-monary arteriovenous shunt during exercise in normoxia, hypoxia, or hyperoxia. J Appl Physiol 110: 35-45, 2011.
7. Elliott JE, Nigam SM, Laurie SS, Beasley KM, Goodman RD, Hawn JA, Gladstone IM, Chesnutt MS, Lovering AT. Prevalence of left heart contrast in healthy, young, asymptomatic humans at rest breathing room air. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 188: 71-78, 2013.
8. Faulkner JA, Heigenhauser GJ, Schork MA. The cardiac output-oxygen uptake relationship of men during graded bicycle ergometry. Med Sci Sports 9: 148, 1977.
9. Fischer CH, Campos O, Fernandes WB, Kondo M, Souza FL, De Andrade JL, Carvalho AC. Role of contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography for detection of and scoring intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. Echocardiography 27: 1233-1237, 2010.
10. Glazier JB, Hughes JM, Maloney JE, West JB. Measurements of capillary dimensions and blood volume in rapidly frozen lungs. J Appl Physiol 26: 65-76, 1969.
11. Gossage JR, Kanj G. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. A state of the art review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158: 643-661, 1998.
12. Himelman RB, Stulbarg M, Kircher B, Lee E, Kee L, Dean NC, Golden J, Wolfe CL, Schiller NB. Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure during exercise by saline-enhanced Doppler echocardiog-raphy in chronic pulmonary disease. Circulation 79: 863-871, 1989.
13. Johnson BD, Weisman IM, Zeballos RJ, Beck KC. Emerging concepts in the evaluation of ventilatory limitation during exercise: the exercise tidal flow-volume loop. Chest 116: 488-503, 1999.
14. Jones RS, Meade F. A theoretical and experimental analysis of anomalies in the estimation of pulmonary diffusing capacity by the single breath method. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci 46: 131-143, 1961.
15. Knudson RJ, Kaltenborn WT, Knudson DE, Burrows B. The single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Reference equations derived from a healthy nonsmoking population and effects of hematocrit. Am Rev Respir Dis 135: 805-811, 1987.
16. Knudson RJ, Lebowitz MD, Holberg CJ, Burrows B. Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging. Am Rev Respir Dis 127: 725-734, 1983.
17. Kovacs G, Berghold A, Scheidl S, Olschewski H. Pulmonary arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 34: 888-894, 2009.
18. Kovacs G, Olschewski A, Berghold A, Olschewski H. Pulmonary vascular resistances during exercise in normal subjects: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 39: 319-328, 2012.
19. La Gerche A, MacIsaac AI, Burns AT, Mooney DJ, Inder WJ, Voigt JU, Heidbüchel H, Prior DL. Pulmonary transit of agitated contrast is associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular reserve and right ventricular function during exercise. J Appl Physiol 109: 1307-1317, 2010.
20. Lalande S, Yerly P, Faoro V, Naeije R. Pulmonary vascular distensi-bility predicts aerobic capacity in healthy individuals. J Physiol 590: 4279-4288, 2012.
21. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Roman MJ, Seward J, Shanewise JS, Solomon SD, Spencer KT, Sutton MS, Stewart WJ. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Ech-ocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18: 1440-1463, 2005.
22. Laurie SS, Elliott JE, Goodman RD, Lovering AT. Catecholamine-induced opening of intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses in healthy humans at rest. J Appl Physiol 113: 1213-1222, 2012.
23. Laurie SS, Yang X, Elliott JE, Beasley KM, Lovering AT. Hypoxia-induced intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting at rest in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol 109: 1072-1079, 2010.
24. Lhuissier FJ, Canouï-Poitrine F, Richalet JP. Ageing and cardiorespi-ratory response to hypoxia. J Physiol 590: 5461-5474, 2012.
25. Lovering AT, Elliott JE, Beasley KM, Laurie SS. Pulmonary pathways and mechanisms regulating transpulmonary shunting into the general circulation: an update. Injury 41, Suppl 2: S16-S23, 2010.
26. Lovering AT, Goodman RD. Detection of intracardiac and intrapulmo-nary shunts at rest and during exercise using saline contrast echocardiog-raphy. In: Applied Aspects of Ultrasonography in Humans, edited by Ainslie PN. Rejeka, Croatia, InTech, 2012, p. 159-174.
27. Lovering AT, Haverkamp HC, Eldridge MW. Responses and limitations of the respiratory system to exercise. Clin Chest Med 26: 439-457, iv, 2005.
28. 99mTc macroaggregated albumin in healthy humans at rest and during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 106: 1986-1992, 2009.
29. Lovering AT, Stickland MK, Amann M, Murphy JC, O'Brien MJ, Hokanson JS, Eldridge MW. Hyperoxia prevents exercise-induced in-trapulmonary arteriovenous shunt in healthy humans. J Physiol 586: 4559-4565, 2008.
30. Lovering AT, Stickland MK, Kelso AJ, Eldridge MW. Direct demonstration of 25-And 50-micron arteriovenous pathways in healthy human and baboon lungs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1777-H1781, 2007.
31. MacIntyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, Johnson DC, van der Grinten CP, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Enright P, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Wanger J. Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J 26: 720-735, 2005.
32. Mariott K, Manins V, Forshaw A, Wright J, Pascoe R. Detection of right-to-left atrial communication using agitated saline contrast imaging: experience with 1162 patients and recommendations for echocardiogra-phy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26: 96-102, 2013.
33. McMullan DM, Hanley FL, Cohen GA, Portman MA, Riemer RK. Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in the normal fetal lung. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1497-1500, 2004.
34. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J, ATS Task Force/ERS. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 26: 319-338, 2005.
35. Mosteller RD. Simplified calculation of body-surface area. N Engl J Med 317: 1098, 1987.
36. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 26: 948-968, 2005.
37. Putaala J, Metso AJ, Metso TM, Konkola N, Kraemer Y, Haapaniemi E, Kaste M, Tatlisumak T. Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 with first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke 40: 1195-1203, 2009.
38. Rapp JH, Pan XM, Yu B, Swanson RA, Higashida RT, Simpson P, Saloner D. Cerebral ischemia and infarction from atheroemboli. Stroke 34: 1976-1980, 2003.
39. Recavarren S. The preterminal arterioles in the pulmonary circulation of high-Altitude natives. Circulation 33: 177-180, 1966.
40. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasek-Aran K, Solomon SD, Louie EK, Schiller NB. Guidelines for the echocardio-graphic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23: 685-713, 2010.
41. Stickland MK, Lovering AT, Eldridge MW. Exercise-induced arteriovenous intrapulmonary shunting in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 176: 300-305, 2007.
42. Stickland MK, Welsh RC, Haykowsky MJ, Petersen SR, Anderson WD, Taylor DA, Bouffard M, Jones RL. Intra-pulmonary shunt and pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in humans. J Physiol 561: 321-329, 2004.
43. Taylor B, Johnson B. The pulmonary circulation and exercise responses in the elderly. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 31: 528-538, 2010.
44. Tobin CE, Zariquiey MO. Arteriovenous shunts in the human lung. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75: 827-829, 1950.
45. Wanger J, Clausen JL, Coates A, Pedersen OF, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson D, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pellegrino R, Viegi G. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J 26: 511-522, 2005.
46. Whyte MK, Hughes JM, Jackson JE, Peters AM, Hempleman SC, Moore DP, Jones HA. Cardiopulmonary response to exercise in patients with intrapulmonary vascular shunts. J Appl Physiol 75: 321-328, 1993.
47. Woods TD, Patel A. A critical review of patent foramen ovale detection using saline contrast echocardiography: when bubbles lie. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 19: 215-222, 2006.