A pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for Sudanese refugees in Cairo, Egypt

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 240-249

  Meffert, Susan M ^a   Abdo, Akram Osman ^b   Abd Alla, Omayma Ahmed ^b,c   Elmakki, Yasir Omer Mustafa ^b   Omer, Afrah Abdelrahim ^b   Yousif, Sahar ^b   Metzler, Thomas J ^d   Marmar, Charles R ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Ma'an Organization   (Egypt)

^c St Andrew's United Church of Cairo   (Egypt)

^d SAN FRANCISCO VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^e NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

depression; global mental health; PTSD; refugee; Sudan; violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900808804     PISSN: 19429681     EISSN: 1942969X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023540     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Babcock, J. C., Roseman, A., Green, C. E., & Ross, J. M. (2008). Intimate partner abuse and PTSD symptomatology: Examining mediators and moderators of the abuse-trauma link. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 809-818.
2. Bass, J., Neugebauer, R., Clougherty, K. F., Verdeli, H., Wickramaratne, P., Ndogoni, L., ⋯ Bolton, P. (2006). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: 6-month outcomes: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 567-573.
3. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1984). Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 1365-1367.
4. Beck, J. G., Grant, D. M., Clapp, J. D., & Palyo, S. A. (2008). Understanding the interpersonal impact of trauma: Contributions of PTSD and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 443-450.
5. Benoit, M., Bouthillier, D., Moss, E., Rousseau, C., & Brunet, A. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies as mediators of the association between level of attachment security and PTSD: Symptoms following trauma in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23, 101-118.
6. Bleiberg, K. L., & Markowitz, J. C. (2005). A pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 181-183.
7. Bolton, P., Bass, J., Neugebauer, R., Verdeli, H., Clougherty, K. F., Wickramaratne, P., ⋯ Weissman, M. (2003). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 3117-3124.
8. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766.
9. Campanini, R. F. B., Schoedl, A. F., Pupo, M. C., Costa, A. C. H., Krupnick, J. L., & Mello, M. F. (2010). Efficacy of interpersonal therapy-group format adapted to post-traumatic stress disorder: An open-label add-on trial. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 72-77.
10. Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2008). Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 301-328.
11. Coan, J., Schaefer, H., & Davidson, R. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 12, 1032-1039.
12. Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Andersson, G., & van Oppen, P. (2008). Psychotherapy for depression in adults: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 909-922.
13. Declercq, F., & Palmans, V. (2006). Two subjective factors as moderators between critical incidents and the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorders: Adult attachment and perception of social support. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 79(Pt. 3), 323-337.
14. de Jong, J. T., Komproe, I. H., Van Ommeren, M., El Masri, M., Araya, M., Khaled, N., ⋯ Somasundaram, D. (2001). Lifetime events and post-traumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 555-562.
15. de Mello, M. F., de Jesus Mari, J., Bacaltchuk, J., Verdeli, H., & Neuge-bauer, R. (2005). A systematic review of research findings on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy for depressive disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 255, 75-82.
16. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap (1st ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
17. Evans, S., Giosan, C., Patt, I., Spielman, L., & Difede, J. (2006). Anger and its association to distress and social/occupational functioning in symptomatic disaster relief workers responding to the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19, 147-152.
18. Fraley, R. C., Fazzari, D. A., Bonanno, G. A., & Dekel, S. (2006). Attachment and psychological adaptation in high exposure survivors of the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 538-551.
19. Guay, S., Billette, V., & Marchand, A. (2006). Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenues. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19, 327-338.
20. Harari, D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., de Kloet, C., Geuze, E., Vermetten, E., Westenberg, H., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009). Attachment representations in Dutch veterans with and without deployment-related PTSD. Attachment & Human Development, 11, 515-536.
21. Harrell-Bond, B. (2006, November). Interview, African and Middle East Refugee Assistance.
22. Ichikawa, M., Nakahara, S., & Wakai, S. (2006). Cross-cultural use of the predetermined scale cutoff points in refugee mental health research. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 248-250.
23. International Society for Interpersonal Psychotherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.interpersonalpsychotherapy.org/
24. Jakupcak, M., & Tull, M. T. (2005). Effects of trauma exposure on anger, aggression, and violence in a nonclinical sample of men. Violence and Victims, 20, 589-598.
25. Johnson, H., & Thompson, A. (2008). The development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian adult survivors of war trauma and torture: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 36-47.
26. Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., Schlenger, W. E., Kulka, R. A., Hough, R. L., & Weiss, D. S. (1992). Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 916-926.
27. Kirsch, P., Esslinger, C., Chen, Q., Mier, D., Siddhanti, S., Gruppe, H., ⋯ Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2005). Oxytocin modulates neural circuitry for social cognition and fear in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 49, 11489-11493.
28. Koenen, K. C., Stellman, J. M., Stellman, S. D., & Sommer, J. F. (2003). Risk factors for course of posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans: A 14-year follow-up of American Legionnaires. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 980-986.
29. Krantz, D. S., Olson, M. B., Francis, J. L., Phankao, C., Bairey Merz, C. N., Sopko, G., ⋯ Matthews, K. A. (2006). Anger, hostility, and cardiac symptoms in women with suspected coronary artery disease: The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study. Journal of Women's Health, 15, 1214-1223.
30. Krupnick, J. L., Green, B. L., Stockton, P., Miranda, J., Krause, E., & Mete, M. (2008). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for low-income women with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 497-507.
31. Lopez, A., Mathers, C., Ezzati, M., Jamison, D., & Murray, C. (2006). Global burden of disease and risk factors. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Markowitz, J. C., Milrod, B., Bleiberg, K., & Marshall, R. (2009). Interpersonal factors in understanding and treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15, 133-140.
33. Markowitz, J. C., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). Interpersonal psychotherapy: Principles and applications. World Psychiatry, 3, 136-139.
34. Marmar, C. R., McCaslin, S. E., Metzler, T. J., Best, S., Weiss, D. S., Fagan, J., ⋯ Neylan, T. (2006). Predictors of posttraumatic stress in police and other first responders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071, 1-18.
35. Meffert, S. M., & Marmar, C. R. (2009). Darfur refugees in Cairo: Mental health and interpersonal conflict in the aftermath of genocide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1835-1848.
36. Mollica, R. F., Caspi-Yavin, Y., Bollini, P., Truong, T., Tor, S., & Lavelle, J. (1992). The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire: Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 111-116.
37. Mollica, R. F., McInnes, K., Poole, C., & Tor, S. (1998). Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 482-488.
38. Neuner, F., Onyut, P. L., Ertl, V., Odenwald, M., Schauer, E., & Elbert, T. (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by trained lay counselors in an African refugee settlement: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 686-694.
39. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Klaschik, C., Karunakara, U., & Elbert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 579-587.
40. Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52-73.
41. Pearlman, L., & Courtois, C. (2005). Clinical applications of the attachment framework: Relational treatment of complex trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 449-459.
42. Pietrzak, R. H., Johnson, D., Goldstein, M., Malley, J., & Southwick, S. (2009). Psychological resilience and postdeployment social support project against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 745-751.
43. Quirin, M., Gillath, O., Pruessner, J. C., & Eggert, L. (2009). Adult attachment insecurity and hippocampal cell density. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5, 39-47.
44. Ray, R. D., & Webster, R. (2010). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 60, 131-140.
45. Sandberg, D., Suess, E., & Heaton, J. (2009). Attachment anxiety as a mediator of the relationship between interpersonal trauma and posttrau-matic symptomatology among college women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 33-49.
46. Sankoh, A. J., Huque, M. F., & Dubey, S. D. (1997). Some comments on frequently used multiple endpoint adjustment methods in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 16, 2529-2542.
47. Schore, A. N. (2002). Dysregulation of the right brain: A fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the psychopathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 9-30.
48. Schramm, E., Schneider, D., Zobel, I., van Calker, D., Dykierek, P., Kech, S., ⋯ Berger, M. (2008). Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy in chronically depressed inpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109, 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.013
49. Spielberger, C. (1999). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
50. Straus, M., Hamby, S., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283-316.
51. Stuart, S. (2006). Interpersonal therapy: A guide to the basics. Psychiatric Annals, 36, 542-550.
52. Swan, S. C., Gambone, L. J., Fields, A. M., Sullivan, T. P., & Snow, D. L. (2005). Women who use violence in intimate relationships: The role of anger, victimization, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression. Violence and Victims, 20, 267-285.
53. Tennant, C., & McLean, L. (2001). The impact of emotions on coronary heart disease risk. Journal of Cardiovascular Risk, 8, 175-183.
54. Twaite, J., & Rodriguez-Srednicki, O. (2004). Childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult vulnerability to PTSD: The mediating effects of attachment and dissociation. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13, 17-38.
55. Verdeli, H., Clougherty, K., Onyango, G., Lewandowski, E., Speelman, L., Betancourt, T. S., ⋯ Bolton, P. (2008). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed youth in IDP camps in Northern Uganda: Adaptation and training. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17, 605-624, ix.
56. WHO. (2010, November). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance-abuse/research-tools/ translation/en/