Review of high-power ultrasound-industrial applications and measurement methods

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 481-495

  Harvey, Gerald ^a   Gachagan, Anthony ^b   Mutasa, Tapiwa ^b  

^a Weidlinger Associates   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC SPARKS; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS;

CAVITATION INTENSITY; FIELD DISTRIBUTION; HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS; HIGH POWER ULTRASOUND; HIGH-POWER ULTRASONICS; MEASUREMENT METHODS; MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT;

ULTRASONIC TESTING;

EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND; METHODOLOGY; RADIATION; RADIOMETRY; REVIEW; ULTRASOUND;

EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HIGH-ENERGY SHOCK WAVES; HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND ABLATION; RADIOMETRY; SONICATION;

EID: 84900672346     PISSN: 08853010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.2932     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. L ord Rayleigh, Theory of Sound, vol. 2, London, UK: MacMillan, 1896, ch. 9.
2. D. Stansfield, Underwater Electroacoustic Transducers. Bath, UK: Bath University Press, 1991.
3. J. Krautkramer and H. Krautkramer, Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 4th ed., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
4. P. Wells, Biomedical Ultrasonics. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1977.
5. S. L. Sokolov, "Zur Frage der Fortpflanzung ultraakustischer Schwingungen in verschiedenen Kórpern," Elektr. Nachr.-Tech., vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 454-461, 1929.
6. G. Harris, "Hydrophone measurements in diagnostic ultrasound fields," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 87-101, 1988. (Pubitemid 18638998)
7. C. A. Patton, G. R. Harris, and R. A. Phillips, "Output levels and bioeffects indices from diagnostic ultrasound exposure data reported to the FDA ," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 353-359, 1994.
8. T. G. Leighton, The Acoustic Bubble. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1994.
9. R. E. Apfel, "Acoustic cavitation prediction," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1624-1633, 1981.
10. R. Pecha and B. Gompf, "Microimplosions: Cavitation collapse and shock wave emissions on a nanosecond time scale," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1328-1330, 2000.
11. T. J. Mason and J. P. Lorimer, Sonochemistry, Theory, Applications and Uses of Ultrasound in Chemistry. New York, NY: Wiley, 1988, ch. 1.
12. A. Shoh, "Industrial applications of ultrasound-A review I. Highpower ultrasound," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 60-71, 1975.
13. K. V. Jenderka and C. Koch, "Investigation of spatial distribution of sound field parameters in ultrasound cleaning baths under the influence of cavitation," Ultrasonics, vol. 44, suppl. 1, pp. e401-e406, 2006. (Pubitemid 44969686)
14. G. Harvey and A. Gachagan, "Simulation and measurement of nonlinear behavior in a high-power test cell," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 58, pp. 808-819, Apr. 2011.
15. T. J. Mason, Sonochemistry. Oxford, UK: Oxford Science Publications, 1999.
16. J. A. Gallego-Juarez, E. Riera, V. Acosta, G. Rodríguez, and A. Blanco, "Ultrasonic system for continuous washing of textiles in liquid layers," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 234-238, 2010.
17. A. G. Juarez, G. R. Corral, G. N. V. de Parga, F. V. Martinez, and P. van der Vlist, "Process and device for continuous ultrasonic washing of textile," U.S. Patent 6266836 B1, Jul. 31, 2001.
18. K. Gotoh and K. Harayama, "Application of ultrasound to textiles washing in aqueous solutions," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 747-753, 2013.
19. G. Mazue, R. Viennet, J. Hihn, L. Carpentier, P. Devidal, and I. Albaïna, "Large-scale ultrasonic cleaning system: Design of a multitransducer device for boat cleaning (20kHz)," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 895-900, 2011.
20. A. Yap and W. Bagnall, "High power ultrasonics: A new and powerful tool for removing tartrate deposits and killing viable Brettanomyces cells in barrels," Wine Ind. J., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 29-39, 2009.
21. B. Ambedkar, R. Nagarajan, and S. Jayanti, "Ultrasonic coal-wash for de-sulfurization," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 718-726, 2011.
22. W. Kim, K. Park, J. Oh, J. Choi, and H. Y. Kim, "Visualization and minimization of disruptive bubble behavior in ultrasonic field," Ultrasonics, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 798-802, 2010.
23. P. Harkness, M. Lucas, and A. Cardoni, "A comparison of coupling and degenerating modes in longitudinal-torsional step horns," Ultrasonics, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 980-988, 2012.
24. S. Krüger, G. Wagner, and D. Eifler, "Ultrasonic welding of metal/composite joints," Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 157-159, 2004.
25. Z. Zhu, K. Y. Lee, and X. Wang, "Ultrasonic welding of dissimilar metals, AA6061 and Ti6Al4V," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 59, no. 5-8, pp. 569-574, 2011.
26. T. Watanabe, H. Sakuyama, and A. Yanagisawa, "Ultrasonic welding between mild steel sheet and Al-Mg alloy sheet," J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 209, no. 15-16, pp. 5475-5480, 2009.
27. F. Balle and D. Eifler, "Statistical test planning for ultrasonic welding of dissimilar materials using the example of aluminum-carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) joints," Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 286-292, 2012.
28. G. J. Ram, C. Robinson, Y. Yang, and B. Stucker, "Use of ultrasonic consolidation for fabrication of multi-material structures," Rapid Prototyping J., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 226-235, 2007. (Pubitemid 47174529)
29. R. Friel and R. Harris, "Ultrasonic additive manufacturing-A hybrid production process for novel functional products," Proc. CIRP, vol. 6, pp. 35-40, 2013.
30. J. M. Gibert, G. Fadel, and M. F. Daqaq, "On the stick-slip dynamics in ultrasonic additive manufacturing," J. Sound Vibrat., vol. 332, no. 19, pp. 4680-4695, 2013.
31. A. Cardoni and M. Lucas, "Enhanced vibration performance of ultrasonic block horns," Ultrasonics, vol. 40, no. 1-8, pp. 365-369, 2002. (Pubitemid 34545336)
32. G. Preti, G. Martinasso, B. Peirone, R. Navone, C. Manzella, G. Muzio, C. Russo, R. A. Canuto, and G. Schierano, "Cytokines and growth factors involved in the osseointegration of oral titanium implants positioned using piezoelectric bone surgery versus a drill technique: A pilot study in minipigs," J. Periodontol., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 716-722, 2007.
33. G. Preti, C. Peirolo, C. Russo, C. Manzanella, and G. Schierano, "Biomolecular comparative analysis involved in oral implants: Piezosurgery versus a drill technique," in Proc. 25th Congresso Int. Academia Italiana di Odontoiatria Protesia (AIOP), 2006, p. 58.
34. F. C. N. Lim, M. P. Cartmell, A. Cardoni, and M. Lucas, "A preliminary investigation into optimising the response of vibrating systems used for ultrasonic cutting," J. Sound Vibrat., vol. 272, no. 3-5, pp. 1047-1069, 2004.
35. M. Lucas, A. MacBeath, E. McCulloch, and A. Cardoni, "A finite element model for ultrasonic cutting," Ultrasonics, vol. 44, suppl. 1, pp. 503-509, 2006.
36. G. Graham, J. N. Petzing, and M. Lucas, "Modal analysis of ultrasonic block horns by ESPI," Ultrasonics, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 149-157, 1999.
37. A. Cardoni, M. Lucas, M. Cartnell, and F. Lim, "A novel multiple blade ultrasonic cutting device," Ultrasonics, vol. 42, no. 1-9, pp. 69-74, 2004.
38. S. Stübinger, C. Landes, O. Seitz, H. F. Zeilhofer, and R. Sader, "Ultrasonic bone cutting in oral surgery: A review of 60 cases," Ultraschall Med., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 66-71, 2008 (in German). (Pubitemid 351294175)
39. S. Harder, S. Wolfart, C. Mehl, and M. Kern, "Performance of ultrasonic devices for bone surgery and associated intraosseous temperature development," Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 484-490, 2009.
40. P. Harkness and M. Lucas, "A brief overview of space applications for ultrasonics," Ultrasonics, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 975-979, 2012.
41. T. J. Mason, "Ultrasound in synthetic organic chemistry," Chem. Soc. Rev., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 443-451, 1997. (Pubitemid 127680906)
42. A. Gedanken, "Using sonochemistry for the fabrication of nanomaterials," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 47-55, 2004. (Pubitemid 38340852)
43. S. K. Khanal, M. Montalbo, J. H. van Leeuwen, G. Srinivasan, and D. Grewell, "Ultrasound enhanced glucose release from corn in ethanol plants," Biotechnol. Bioeng., vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 978-985, 2007. (Pubitemid 350205575)
44. T. J. Mason, "Sonochemistry and the environment-Providing a "green" link between chemistry, physics and engineering," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 476-483, 2007. (Pubitemid 46330095)
45. R. T. Roberts, "High intensity ultrasonics in food processing," Chem. Ind., vol. 4, pp. 119-121, 1993. (Pubitemid 23695821)
46. T. J. Mason, "Industrial sonochemistry: Potential and practicality," Ultrasonics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 192-196, 1992.
47. T. J. Mason, "Large scale sonochemical processing: Aspiration and actuality," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 145-149, 2000.
48. T. J. Mason, "Sonochemistry and sonoprocessing: The link, the trends and (probably) the future," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 10, no. 4-5, pp. 175-179, 2003. (Pubitemid 36724667)
49. P. Piyasena, E. Mohareb, and R. C. McKellar, "Inactivation of microbes using ultrasound: A review," Int. J. Food Microbiol., vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 207-216, 2003. (Pubitemid 37188437)
50. M. J. W. Povey and T. J. Mason, Ultrasound in Food Processing. London, UK: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.
51. J. Chandrapala, C. Oliver, S. Kentish, and M. Ashokkumar, "Ultrasonics in food processing," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 975-983, 2012.
52. S. Yu, Y. Ma, X. Zheng, X. Liu, and D. W. Sun, "Impacts of low and ultra-low temperature freezing on retrogradation properties of rice amylopectin during storage," Food Bioprocess. Technol., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 391-400, 2012.
53. M. Saclier, R. Peczalski, and J. Andrieu, "Effect of ultrasonically induced nucleation on ice crystals' size and shape during freezing in vials," Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 3064-3071, 2010.
54. H. Kiani and D. W. Sun, "Water crystallization and its importance to freezing of foods: A review," Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 407-426, 2011.
55. Y. Iida, T. Tuziuti, K. Yasui, A. Towata, and T. Kozuka, "Control of viscosity in starch and polysaccharide solutions with ultrasound after gelatinization," Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 140-146, 2008.
56. J. Riener, F. Noci, D. A. Cronin, D. J. Morgan, and J. G. Lyng, "A comparison of selected quality characteristics of yoghurts prepared from thermosonicated and conventionally heated milks," Food Chem., vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 1108-1113, 2010.
57. H. Kyllonen, P. Pirknon, M. Nystrom, J. Nuortila-Jokinen, and A. Gronroos, "Experimental aspects of ultrasonically enhanced crossflow membrane filtration of industrial wastewater," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 295-302, 2006.
58. N. N. Mahamuni and Y. G. Adewuyi, "Advanced oxidation processes (AO Ps) involving ultrasound for waste water treatment: A review with emphasis on cost estimation," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 990-1003, 2010.
59. T. J. Mason, E. Joyce, S. S. Phull, and J. P. Lorimer, "Potential uses of ultrasound in the biological decontamination of water," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 319-323, 2003. (Pubitemid 36970091)
60. X. Yin, P. Han, X. Lu, and Y. Wang, "A review on the dewaterability of bio-sludge and ultrasound pretreatment," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 337-348, 2004. (Pubitemid 39089082)
61. P. C. Sangave and A. B. Pandit, "Ultrasound pre-treatment for enhanced biodegradability of the distillery wastewater," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 11, no. 3-4, pp. 197-203, 2004. (Pubitemid 38479829)
62. A. Ahmad, N. F. C. Lah, S. Ismail, and B. Ooi, "Membrane antifouling methods and alternatives: Ultrasound approach," Sep. Purif. Rev., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 318-346, 2012.
63. M. Cai, S. Zhao, and H. Liang, "Mechanisms for the enhancement of ultrafiltration and membrane cleaning by different ultrasonic frequencies," Desalination, vol. 263, no. 1-3, pp. 133-138, 2010.
64. P. A. Lewin, M. E. Schafer, and J. M. Gilmore, "Ultrasonic probes for shock wave measurements," in IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1988, pp. 955-958.
65. P. C. Beard, A. M. Hurrell, and T. N. Mills, "Characterisation of a polymer film optical fibre hydrophone for use in the range 1 to 20 MHz: A comparison with PVDF needle and membrane hydrophones," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 256-264, 2000. (Pubitemid 30553560)
66. A. Gachagan, D. Speirs, and A. McNab, "The design of a high power ultrasonic test cell using finite element modelling techniques," Ultrasonics, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 283-288, 2003.
67. A. Sabraoui, C. Inserra, B. Gilles, J. C. Béra, and J. L. Mestas, "Feedback loop process to control acoustic cavitation," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 589-594, 2011.
68. B. Zeqiri, M. Hodnett, and T. G. Leighton, "A strategy for the development and standardisation of measurement methods for high power/cavitating ultrasonic fields: Final project report," Southampton, UK: Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, 1997.
69. D. Carnelli, A. Karimi, and J. P. Franc, "Application of spherical nanoindentation to determine the pressure of cavitation impacts from pitting tests," J. Mater. Res., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 91-99, 2012.
70. M. Espelnad, O. J. Lokberg, and R. Rustad, "Full field tomographic reconstruction of sound fields using TV holography," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 280-287, 1995.
71. J. Curie and P. Curie, "Development par compression de l'electricite polaire dans les cristaux hemiedres a faces inclines," Bull. Soc. Min. France, vol. 3, pp. 90-93, 1880.
72. J. Curie and P. Curie, in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s?nces de l'academie des sciences, vol. 93, Paris: Gauthier-Villars, pp. 1137, 1881.
73. R. O'Leary, "An investigation into the passive materials utilised within the construction of piezoelectric composite transducers," Ph.D. thesis, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 2003.
74. G. R. Harris and P. M. Gammell, "Sensitivity measurements of piezoelectric polymer hydrophones from 0.2-2 MHz using a broadband-pulse technique," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 725-731, 1999.
75. W. A. Smith and B. A. Auld, "Modeling 1-3 composite piezoelectrics: Thickness-mode oscillations," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 40-47, 1991.
76. J. Bennett and G. Hayward, "Design of 1-3 piezocomposite hydrophones using finite element analysis," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 565-574, 1997. (Pubitemid 127771241)
77. H. Kawai, "The piezoelectricity of poly (vinylidene fluoride)," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 975-976, 1969.
78. G. R. Harris, R. C. Preston, and A. S. DeReggi, "The impact of piezoelectric PVDF on medical ultrasound exposure measurements, standards, and regulations," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1321-1335, 2000.
79. W. Galbraith, "PVDF membranes in air," M.Phil. thesis, Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1998.
80. W. Galbraith and G. Hayward, "Development of a PVDF membrane hydrophone for use in air-coupled ultrasonic transducers," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1549-1558, 1998. (Pubitemid 128748827)
81. G. Hayward, G. Benny, R. Banks, and W. Galbraith, "The radiation field characteristics of piezoelectric polymer membrane transducers when operating into air," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1438-1447, 2000.
82. T. Huttunen, J. P. Kaipio, and K. Hynynen, "Modelling of anomalies due to hydrophones in continuous-wave ultrasound fields," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1486-1500, 2003.
83. P. Debye and W. Sears, "On the scattering of light by supersonic waves," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 409-414, 1932.
84. P. Cracknell, Ultrasonics, London, UK: Wykeham Publications Ltd., 1980, ch. 1.
85. P. Huber, J. Debus, A. Lorenz, E. W. Hahn, P. Peschke, and W. J. Lorenz, "A laseroptic hydrophone for high energy ultrasound," in IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1993, pp. 1147-1150.
86. C. Wurster, J. Staudenraus, and W. Eisenmenger, "The fibre optic probe hydrophone," in IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1994, pp. 941-944.
87. A. J. Coleman, E. Draguioti, R. Tiptaf, N. Shotri, and J. E. Saunders, "Acoustic performance and clinincal use of a fibre optic hydrophone," Ultrasound Med. Biol., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 143-151, 1998. (Pubitemid 28044908)
88. C. V. Raman and N. S. Nath, "The diffraction of light by high frequency sound waves: Part V," Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 459-465, 1936.
89. Y. Wu, P. M. Shankar, P. A. Lewin, and D. P. Koller, "Fibre optic ultrasonic sensor using Raman-Nath light diffraction," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 166-171, 1994.
90. R. Reibold and W. Molkenstruck, "Light diffraction tomography applied to the investigation of ultrasonic fields, Pt I: Continuous waves," Acustica, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 180-192, 1984. (Pubitemid 15454155)
91. R. Reibold, "Light diffraction tomography applied to the investigation of ultrasonic fields, Pt II: Standing waves," Acustica, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 283-289, 1987.
92. A. Holm and H. W. Persson, "Measurements of airborne ultrasound with optical diffraction tomography" in IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1991, pp. 961-964.
93. A. Holm and H. W. Persson, "Optical diffraction tomography applied to airborne ultrasound," Ultrasonics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 259-265, 1993. (Pubitemid 23683327)
94. R. Eriksson, A. Holm, M. Landeberg, H. W. Persson, and K. Lindstrom, "The 10MHz ultrasonic near field: Calculations, hydrophone and optical diffraction tomography measurements," Ultrasonics, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 439-446, 1993.
95. G. Harvey and A. Gachagan, "Non-invasive field measurement of low frequency ultrasonic transducer operating in sealed vessels," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 1749-1758, 2006. (Pubitemid 44946552)
96. D. R. Bacon, "Primary calibration of ultrasonic hydrophones using optical interferometry," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 152-161, 1988.
97. D. Royer, N. Dubois, and M. Fink, "Optical probing of pulsed, focussed ultrasonic fields using a heterodyne interferometer," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 153-155, 1992.
98. D. Royer and O. Casula, "Quantitative imaging of transient acoustic fields by optical heterodyne interferometry," IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 1994, pp. 1153-1162.
99. G. Benny and G. Hayward, "Beam profile measurements and simulations for ultrasonic transducers operating in air," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 2089-2100, 2000. (Pubitemid 30194364)
100. A. R. Harland, J. N. Petzing, and J. R. Tyrer, "Nonperturbing measurements of spatially distributed underwater acoustic fields using a scanning laser vibrometer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 187-195, 2004. (Pubitemid 38112421)
101. K. Morison and C. Hutchinson, "Limitations of the Weissler reaction as a model reaction for measuring the efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 176-183, 2009.
102. H. Hasanzadeh, M. Mokhtari-Dizaji, S. Z. Bathaie, and Z. M. Hassan, "Evaluation of correlation between chemical dosimetry and subharmonic spectrum analysis to examine the acoustic cavitation," Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 863-869, 2010.
103. B. Zeqiri, P. N. Gelat, M. Hodnett, and N. D. Lee, "A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation. Part I: Concept, theory, and prototype development," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1342-1350, 2003.
104. B. Zeqiri, P. N. Gelat, M. Hodnett, and N. D. Lee, "A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation. Part II: Prototype performance evaluation," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1351-1362, 2003.
105. M. Hodnett and B. Zeqiri, "Toward a reference ultrasonic cavitation vessel: Part 2-Investigating the spatial variation and acoustic pressure threshold of inertial cavitation in a 25 kHz ultrasound field," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1809-1822, Aug. 2008.
106. J. E. Maalouf, J. C. Béra, L. Alberti, D. Cathignol, and J. L. Mestas, "In vitro sonodynamic cytotoxicity in regulated cavitation conditions," Ultrasonics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 238-243, 2009.
107. D. M. Hallow, A. D. Mahajan, T. E. McCutchen, and M. R. Prausnitz, "Measurement and correlation of acoustic cavitation with cellular bioeffects," Ultrasound Med. Biol., vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1111-1122, 2006. (Pubitemid 43994294)
108. M. Lucas, A. Gachagan, and A. Cardoni, "Research applications and opportunities in power ultrasonics," J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 223, no. 12, pp. 2949-2965, 2009.
109. T. Mutasa, A. Gachagan, A. Nordon, and R. O'Leary, "Ultrasonic wave propagation in cylindrical vessels and implications for ultra sonic reactor design," in IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., 2010, pp. 1470-1473.
110. B. W. Lawton, "Exposure limits for airborne sound of very high frequency and ultrasonic frequency," ISVR Technical Report No. 334, University of Southampton, Apr. 2013, [Online]. Available: www.isvr.co.uk/ reprints/Lawton-ISVR-TR334.pdf