Discogenic low back pain

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 305-317

  Simon, Jeremy ^a   McAuliffe, Matthew ^b   Shamim, Fehreen ^b   Vuong, Nancy ^b   Tahaei, Amir ^b  

^a ROTHMAN INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Annular tear; Discogenic low back pain; Internal disk disruption; Low back pain; Lumbar disk disease; Lumbar disk herniation

Indexed keywords

BACLOFEN; CORTICOSTEROID; DANTROLENE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL; SUBSTANCE P; TRAMADOL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; ANALGESIC AGENT;

ACUPUNCTURE; ANATOMICAL CONCEPTS; ANNULUS FIBROSUS; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPRESSION FRACTURE; DISCOGENIC PAIN; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISKOGRAPHY; FLUOROSCOPY; HUMAN; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; INTRADISCAL ELECTROTHERMAL THERAPY; LOW BACK PAIN; MEDITATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEUS PULPOSUS; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RANGE OF MOTION; REVIEW; SPINAL NEEDLE; SPONDYLOLISTHESIS; TAI CHI; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; YOGA; ANALGESIA; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHRONIC PAIN; COMPLICATION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISPLACEMENT; INTRASPINAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; LUMBAR VERTEBRA; MALE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SPINE FUSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANALGESICS; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHRONIC PAIN; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, SPINAL; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION; INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISPLACEMENT; LOW BACK PAIN; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; PAIN MANAGEMENT; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SPINAL FUSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84899935519     PISSN: 10479651     EISSN: 15581381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2014.01.006     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Frymoyer J.W. Back pain and sciatica. N Engl J Med 1988, 318:291-300.
2. Brennan G., Shafat A., Mac Donncha C., et al. Lower back pain in physically demanding college academic programs: a questionnaire based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007, 8:67.
3. Pai S., Sundaram L.J. Low back pain: an economic assessment in the United States. Orthop Clin North Am 2004, 35:1-5.
4. Nguyen T.H., Randolph D.C. Nonspecific low back pain and return to work. Am Fam Physician 2007, 76:1497-1502.
5. Comer C., Conaghan P.G. Tackling persistent low back pain in primary care. Practitioner 2009, 253:32-34. 3.
6. Rozenberg S., Foltz V., Fautrel B. Treatment strategy for chronic low back pain. Joint Bone Spine 2012, 79:555-559.
7. Balague F., Mannion A.F., Pellise F., et al. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 2012, 379:482-491.
8. Anderson D.G., Tannoury C. Molecular pathogenic factors in symptomatic disc degeneration. Spine J 2005, 5:260S-266S.
9. Zhang Y.G., Guo T.M., Guo X., et al. Clinical diagnosis for discogenic low back pain. Int J Biol Sci 2009, 5:647-658.
10. Paajanen H., Erkintalo M., Kuusela T., et al. Magnetic resonance study of disc degeneration in young low-back pain patients. Spine 1989, 14:982-985.
11. Parke W.W., Schiff D.C. The applied anatomy of the intervertebral disc. Orthop Clin North Am 1971, 2:309-324.
12. Coppes M.H., Marani E., Thomeer R.T., et al. Innervation of annulus fibrosis in low back pain. Lancet 1990, 336:189-190.
13. Coppes M.H., Marani E., Thomeer R.T., et al. Innervation of "painful" lumbar discs. Spine 1997, 22:2342-2349. [discussion: 2349-50].
14. Bogduk N., Tynan W., Wilson A.S. The nerve supply to the human lumbar intervertebral discs. J Anat 1981, 132:39-56.
15. Edgar M.A. The nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007, 89:1135-1139.
16. Bogduk N. Clinical and radiologic anatomy of the lumbar spine 2012, Churchill Livingstone, New York. 5th edition.
17. Farfan H.F., Cossette J.W., Robertson G.H., et al. The effects of torsion on the lumbar intervertebral joints: the role of torsion in the production of disc degeneration. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970, 52:468-497.
18. Farfan H.F., Gracovetsky S. The nature of instability. Spine 1984, 9:714-719.
19. Farfan H.F., Huberdeau R.M., Dubow H.I. Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: the influence of geometrical features on the pattern of disc degeneration-a post mortem study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1972, 54:492-510.
20. Marinelli N.L., Haughton V.M., Anderson P.A. T2 relaxation times correlated with stage of lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration and patient age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010, 31:1278-1282.
21. Bogduk N. Degenerative joint disease of the spine. Radiol Clin North Am 2012, 50:613-628.
22. Pezowicz C.A., Schechtman H., Robertson P.A., et al. Mechanisms of anular failure resulting from excessive intradiscal pressure: a microstructural-micromechanical investigation. Spine 2006, 31:2891-2903.
23. Kepler C.K., Ponnappan R.K., Tannoury C.A., et al. The molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2013, 13:318-330.
24. Dongfeng R., Hou S., Wu W., et al. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CD68 in high-intensity zone of lumbar intervertebral disc on magnetic resonance image in the patients with low back pain. Spine 2011, 36:E429-E433.
25. Aprill C., Bogduk N. High-intensity zone: a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol 1992, 65:361-369.
26. Vanharanta H., Sachs B.L., Spivey M.A., et al. The relationship of pain provocation to lumbar disc deterioration as seen by CT/discography. Spine 1987, 12:295-298.
27. Park W.M., Kim K., Kim Y.H. Effects of degenerated intervertebral discs on intersegmental rotations, intradiscal pressures, and facet joint forces of the whole lumbar spine. Comput Biol Med 2013, 43:1234-1240.
28. Wilke H.J., Neef P., Caimi M., et al. New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine 1999, 24:755-762.
29. Nachemson A.L. Disc pressure measurements. Spine 1981, 6:93-97.
30. Jhawar B.S., Fuchs C.S., Colditz G.A., et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for physician-diagnosed lumbar disc herniation. Spine J 2006, 6:684-691.
31. Takatalo J., Karppinen J., Taimela S., et al. Body mass index is associated with lumbar disc degeneration in young Finnish males: subsample of Northern Finland birth cohort study 1986. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013, 14:87.
32. Zawilla N.H., Darweesh H., Mansour N., et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-3, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and occupational risk factors in lumbar disc degeneration. J Occup Rehabil 2013, [Epub ahead of print].
33. Battie M.C., Videman T., Kaprio J., et al. The Twin Spine Study: contributions to a changing view of disc degeneration. Spine J 2009, 9:47-59.
34. Eskola P.J., Lemmela S., Kjaer P., et al. Genetic association studies in lumbar disc degeneration: a systematic review. PLoS One 2012, 7:e49995.
35. Vanharanta H., Ohnmeiss D.D., Aprill C.N. Vibration pain provocation can improve the specificity of MRI in the diagnosis of symptomatic lumbar disc rupture. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:239-247.
36. Pfirrmann C.W., Metzdorf A., Zanetti M., et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 2001, 26:1873-1878.
37. Schellhas K.P., Pollei S.R., Gundry C.R., et al. Lumbar disc high-intensity zone. Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and discography. Spine 1996, 21:79-86.
38. Park K.W., Song K.S., Chung J.Y., et al. High-intensity zone on L-spine MRI: clinical relevance and association with trauma history. Asian Spine J 2007, 1:38-42.
39. Guyer R.D., Ohnmeiss D.D. Lumbar discography. Position statement from the North American Spine Society Diagnostic and Therapeutic Committee. Spine 1995, 20:2048-2059.
40. Maus T.P., Aprill C.N. Lumbar diskogenic pain, provocation diskography, and imaging correlates. Radiol Clin North Am 2012, 50:681-704.
41. Simmons J.W., Aprill C.N., Dwyer A.P., et al. A reassessment of Holt's data on: "The question of lumbar discography". Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988, (237):120-124.
42. Lindblom K. Diagnostic puncture of intervertebral disks in sciatica. Acta Orthop Scand 1948, 17:231-239.
43. Carragee E.J., Lincoln T., Parmar V.S., et al. A gold standard evaluation of the "discogenic pain" diagnosis as determined by provocative discography. Spine 2006, 31:2115-2123.
44. Holt E.P. The question of lumbar discography. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1968, 50:720-726.
45. Derby R., Lee S.H., Kim B.J., et al. Pressure-controlled lumbar discography in volunteers without low back symptoms. Pa Med 2005, 6:213-221. [discussion: 222-4].
46. Wiley J.J., Macnab I., Wortzman G. Lumbar discography and its clinical applications. Can J Surg 1968, 11:280-289.
47. Guyer R.D., Ohnmeiss D.D., NASS Lumbar discography. Spine J 2003, 3:11S-27S.
48. Colhoun E., McCall I.W., Williams L., et al. Provocation discography as a guide to planning operations on the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988, 70:267-271.
49. Carragee E.J., Don A.S., Hurwitz E.L., et al. 2009 ISSLS Prize Winner: does discography cause accelerated progression of degeneration changes in the lumbar disc: a ten-year matched cohort study. Spine 2009, 34:2338-2345.
50. Chou R. Pharmacological management of low back pain. Drugs 2010, 70:387-402.
51. Roelofs P.D., Deyo R.A., Koes B.W., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain: an updated Cochrane review. Spine 2008, 33:1766-1774.
52. Roelofs P.D., Deyo R.A., Koes B.W., et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, (1). CD000396.
53. Toth P.P., Urtis J. Commonly used muscle relaxant therapies for acute low back pain: a review of carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, and metaxalone. Clin Ther 2004, 26:1355-1367.
54. Schnitzer T.J., Gray W.L., Paster R.Z., et al. Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of chronic low back pain. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:772-778.
55. Ruoff G.E., Rosenthal N., Jordan D., Protocol CAPSS-112 Study Group, et al. Tramadol/acetaminophen combination tablets for the treatment of chronic lower back pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient study. Clin Ther 2003, 25:1123-1141.
56. Schnitzer T.J., Kamin M., Olson W.H. Tramadol allows reduction of naproxen dose among patients with naproxen-responsive osteoarthritis pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1370-1377.
57. Friedman B.W., Holden L., Esses D., et al. Parenteral corticosteroids for emergency department patients with non-radicular low back pain. J Emerg Med 2006, 31:365-370.
58. Casazza B.A. Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician 2012, 85:343-350.
59. Chaparro L.E., Furlan A.D., Deshpande A., et al. Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, (8). CD004959.
60. Alford D.P. Chronic back pain with possible prescription opioid misuse. JAMA 2013, 309:919-925.
61. Adams M.A., May S., Freeman B.J., et al. Effects of backward bending on lumbar intervertebral discs. Relevance to physical therapy treatments for low back pain. Spine 2000, 25:431-437. [discussion: 438].
62. McKenzie R.A. Manual correction of sciatic scoliosis. N Z Med J 1972, 76:194-199.
63. Machado L.A., de Souza M., Ferreira P.H., et al. The McKenzie method for low back pain: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis approach. Spine 2006, 31:E254-E262.
64. Mannion A.F., Muntener M., Taimela S., et al. A randomized clinical trial of three active therapies for chronic low back pain. Spine 1999, 24:2435-2448.
65. Ostelo R.W., van Tulder M.W., Vlaeyen J.W., et al. Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, (1). CD002014.
66. van Hooff M.L., Spruit M., O'Dowd J.K., et al. Predictive factors for successful clinical outcome 1 year after an intensive combined physical and psychological programme for chronic low back pain. Eur Spine J 2014, 23(1):102-112.
67. Furlan A.D., van Tulder M., Cherkin D., et al. Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain: an updated systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane collaboration. Spine 2005, 30:944-963.
68. Yuan J., Purepong N., Kerr D.P., et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture for low back pain: a systematic review. Spine 2008, 33:E887-E900.
69. Rubinstein S.M., van Middelkoop M., Kuijpers T., et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Eur Spine J 2010, 19:1213-1228.
70. Haake M., Muller H.H., Schade-Brittinger C., et al. German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain: randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1892-1898.
71. Andersson G.B., Lucente T., Davis A.M., et al. A comparison of osteopathic spinal manipulation with standard care for patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:1426-1431.
72. Zylbergold R.S., Piper M.C. Lumbar disc disease: comparative analysis of physical therapy treatments. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981, 62:176-179.
73. Chou R., Huffman L.H., American Pain Society, American College of Physicians Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2007, 147:492-504.
74. Cramer H., Lauche R., Haller H., et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin J Pain 2013, 29:450-460.
75. Hill C. Is yoga an effective treatment in the management of patients with chronic low back pain compared with other care modalities - a systematic review. J Complement Integr Med 2013, 10. 10.1515/jcim-2012-0007.
76. Holtzman S., Beggs R.T. Yoga for chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Res Manag 2013, 18(5):267-272.
77. Sherman K.J., Cherkin D.C., Erro J., et al. Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2005, 143:849-856.
78. Carneiro K.A., Rittenberg J.D. The role of exercise and alternative treatments for low back pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2010, 21:777-792.
79. Peng P.W. Tai chi and chronic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012, 37:372-382.
80. Cramer H., Haller H., Lauche R., et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for low back pain. A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012, 12:162.
81. Morone N.E., Rollman B.L., Moore C.G., et al. A mind-body program for older adults with chronic low back pain: results of a pilot study. Pa Med 2009, 10:1395-1407.
82. Peng B.G. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain. Worldview 2013, 4:42-52.
83. Manchikanti L., Falco F.J., Pampati V., et al. Cost utility analysis of caudal epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, axial or discogenic low back pain, central spinal stenosis, and post lumbar surgery syndrome. Pain Physician 2013, 16:E129-E143.
84. Benyamin R.M., Manchikanti L., Parr A.T., et al. The effectiveness of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain. Pain Physician 2012, 15:E363-E404.
85. Zhou Y., Abdi S. Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of lumbar discogenic pain-a review of the literature. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:468-481.
86. Kallewaard J.W., Terheggen M.A., Groen G.J., et al. 15. Discogenic low back pain. Pain Pract 2010, 10:560-579.
87. Buttermann G.R. The effect of spinal steroid injections for degenerative disc disease. Spine J 2004, 4:495-505.
88. Cao P., Jiang L., Zhuang C., et al. Intradiscal injection therapy for degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain with end plate Modic changes. Spine J 2011, 11:100-106.
89. Pauza K.J., Howell S., Dreyfuss P., et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain. Spine J 2004, 4:27-35.
90. Freeman B.J. IDET: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Eur Spine J 2006, 15(Suppl 3):S448-S457.
91. Kapural L., Vrooman B., Sarwar S., et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of transdiscal radiofrequency, biacuplasty for treatment of discogenic lower back pain. Pa Med 2013, 14:362-373.