메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 42-52

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain

Author keywords

Classification; Degeneration; Diagnosis; Discogenic low back pain; Internal annular disruption; Internal disc disruption; Internal endplate disruption; Intervertebral disc; Treatment

Indexed keywords


EID: 84885424546     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22185836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v4.i2.42     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (130)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 0033554190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological features of chronic lowback pain
    • [PMID: 10470716 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01312-4]
    • Andersson GB. Epidemiological features of chronic lowback pain. Lancet 1999; 354: 581-585 [PMID: 10470716 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01312-4]
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 581-585
    • Andersson, G.B.1
  • 2
    • 0023429423 scopus 로고
    • Presidential address. International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Dallas, 1986. Where is the pain coming from?
    • [PMID: 2961087 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198710000-00008]
    • Mooney V. Presidential address. International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Dallas, 1986. Where is the pain coming from? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1987; 12: 754-759 [PMID: 2961087 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198710000-00008]
    • (1987) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.12 , pp. 754-759
    • Mooney, V.1
  • 3
    • 37349041034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally
    • [PMID: 18164449 DOI: 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)70509-X]
    • Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. Spine J 2008; 8: 8-20 [PMID: 18164449 DOI: 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)70509-X]
    • (2008) Spine J , vol.8 , pp. 8-20
    • Dagenais, S.1    Caro, J.2    Haldeman, S.3
  • 4
    • 79751537959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the source of chronic low back pain and does age play a role?
    • [PMID: 21266006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x]
    • DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Saullo T. What is the source of chronic low back pain and does age play a role? Pain Med 2011; 12: 224-233 [PMID: 21266006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.01045.x]
    • (2011) Pain Med , vol.12 , pp. 224-233
    • DePalma, M.J.1    Ketchum, J.M.2    Saullo, T.3
  • 5
    • 0014951559 scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of intervertebral disc lesions
    • [PMID: 5427658]
    • Crock HV. A reappraisal of intervertebral disc lesions. Med J Aust 1970; 1: 983-989 [PMID: 5427658]
    • (1970) Med J Aust , vol.1 , pp. 983-989
    • Crock, H.V.1
  • 6
    • 0029166461 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain
    • [PMID: 8560335]
    • Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kine G, Bogduk N. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 1878-1883 [PMID: 8560335]
    • (1995) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.20 , pp. 1878-1883
    • Schwarzer, A.C.1    Aprill, C.N.2    Derby, R.3    Fortin, J.4    Kine, G.5    Bogduk, N.6
  • 7
    • 0035158744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the relative contributions of various structures in chronic low back pain
    • [PMID: 16902676 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000175181.28730.ab]
    • Manchikanti L, Singh V, Pampati V, Damron KS, Barnhill RC, Beyer C, Cash KA. Evaluation of the relative contributions of various structures in chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 2001; 4: 308-316 [PMID: 16902676 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000175181.28730.ab]
    • (2001) Pain Physician , vol.4 , pp. 308-316
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Singh, V.2    Pampati, V.3    Damron, K.S.4    Barnhill, R.C.5    Beyer, C.6    Cash, K.A.7
  • 8
    • 24744431844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal therapy: a review of current treatment modalities
    • [PMID: 16138061]
    • Singh K, Ledet E, Carl A. Intradiscal therapy: a review of current treatment modalities. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30: S20-S26 [PMID: 16138061]
    • (2005) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.30
    • Singh, K.1    Ledet, E.2    Carl, A.3
  • 9
    • 53849117435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of disc degeneration: a critical review
    • [PMID: 18827232 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.90B10.20910]
    • Hadjipavlou AG, Tzermiadianos MN, Bogduk N, Zindrick MR. The pathophysiology of disc degeneration: a critical review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008; 90: 1261-1270 [PMID: 18827232 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.90B10.20910]
    • (2008) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.90 , pp. 1261-1270
    • Hadjipavlou, A.G.1    Tzermiadianos, M.N.2    Bogduk, N.3    Zindrick, M.R.4
  • 10
    • 80053581293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of degenerative disc disease
    • [PMID: 20404946]
    • Choi YS. Pathophysiology of degenerative disc disease. Asian Spine J 2009; 3: 39-44 [PMID: 20404946]
    • (2009) Asian Spine J , vol.3 , pp. 39-44
    • Choi, Y.S.1
  • 11
    • 43149106714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues concerning the biological repair of intervertebral disc degeneration
    • [PMID: 18364719 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0771]
    • Peng B. Issues concerning the biological repair of intervertebral disc degeneration. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2008; 4: 226-227 [PMID: 18364719 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0771]
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol , vol.4 , pp. 226-227
    • Peng, B.1
  • 12
    • 38349177151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervertebral disc: anatomy-physiology-pathophysiology-treatment
    • [PMID: 18211591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x]
    • Raj PP. Intervertebral disc: anatomy-physiology-pathophysiology-treatment. Pain Pract 2008; 8: 18-44 [PMID: 18211591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x]
    • (2008) Pain Pract , vol.8 , pp. 18-44
    • Raj, P.P.1
  • 13
    • 42449117238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducible long-term disc degeneration in a large animal model
    • [PMID: 18427314 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816c90f0]
    • Hoogendoorn RJ, Helder MN, Kroeze RJ, Bank RA, Smit TH, Wuisman PI. Reproducible long-term disc degeneration in a large animal model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33: 949-954 [PMID: 18427314 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816c90f0]
    • (2008) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.33 , pp. 949-954
    • Hoogendoorn, R.J.1    Helder, M.N.2    Kroeze, R.J.3    Bank, R.A.4    Smit, T.H.5    Wuisman, P.I.6
  • 14
    • 44849094775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings
    • [PMID: 18515962]
    • Beattie PF. Current understanding of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration: a review with emphasis upon etiology, pathophysiology, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008; 38: 329-340 [PMID: 18515962]
    • (2008) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther , vol.38 , pp. 329-340
    • Beattie, P.F.1
  • 16
    • 33645523979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible pathogenesis of painful intervertebral disc degeneration
    • [PMID: 16508552 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000201324.45537.46]
    • Peng B, Hao J, Hou S, Wu W, Jiang D, Fu X, Yang Y. Possible pathogenesis of painful intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006; 31: 560-566 [PMID: 16508552 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000201324.45537.46]
    • (2006) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.31 , pp. 560-566
    • Peng, B.1    Hao, J.2    Hou, S.3    Wu, W.4    Jiang, D.5    Fu, X.6    Yang, Y.7
  • 17
    • 65549108935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and role of connective tissue growth factor in painful disc fibrosis and degeneration
    • [PMID: 19247157 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181908ab3]
    • Peng B, Chen J, Kuang Z, Li D, Pang X, Zhang X. Expression and role of connective tissue growth factor in painful disc fibrosis and degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: E178-E182 [PMID: 19247157 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181908ab3]
    • (2009) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.34
    • Peng, B.1    Chen, J.2    Kuang, Z.3    Li, D.4    Pang, X.5    Zhang, X.6
  • 18
    • 0036062994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells in the pathogenesis of chronic back pain: a hypothesis
    • [PMID: 12115872 DOI: 10.1002/path.1107]
    • Freemont AJ, Jeziorska M, Hoyland JA, Rooney P, Kumar S. Mast cells in the pathogenesis of chronic back pain: a hypothesis. J Pathol 2002; 197: 281-285 [PMID: 12115872 DOI: 10.1002/path.1107]
    • (2002) J Pathol , vol.197 , pp. 281-285
    • Freemont, A.J.1    Jeziorska, M.2    Hoyland, J.A.3    Rooney, P.4    Kumar, S.5
  • 19
    • 0025048150 scopus 로고
    • 1990 Volvo Award in experimental studies. Anulus tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. An experimental study using an animal model
    • [PMID: 2237626]
    • Osti OL, Vernon-Roberts B, Fraser RD. 1990 Volvo Award in experimental studies. Anulus tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. An experimental study using an animal model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990; 15: 762-767 [PMID: 2237626]
    • (1990) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.15 , pp. 762-767
    • Osti, O.L.1    Vernon-Roberts, B.2    Fraser, R.D.3
  • 21
    • 0028837263 scopus 로고
    • Collagen synthesis and types I, III, IV, and VI collagens in an animal model of disc degeneration
    • discussion 66-7 [PMID: 7709281 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199501000-00011]
    • Kääpä E, Han X, Holm S, Peltonen J, Takala T, Vanharanta H. Collagen synthesis and types I, III, IV, and VI collagens in an animal model of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 59-66; discussion 66-7 [PMID: 7709281 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199501000-00011]
    • (1995) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.20 , pp. 59-66
    • Kääpä, E.1    Han, X.2    Holm, S.3    Peltonen, J.4    Takala, T.5    Vanharanta, H.6
  • 22
    • 39049144760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISSLS prize winner: repeated disc injury causes persistent inflammation
    • [PMID: 18246002]
    • Ulrich JA, Liebenberg EC, Thuillier DU, Lotz JC. ISSLS prize winner: repeated disc injury causes persistent inflammation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: 2812-2819 [PMID: 18246002]
    • (2007) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.32 , pp. 2812-2819
    • Ulrich, J.A.1    Liebenberg, E.C.2    Thuillier, D.U.3    Lotz, J.C.4
  • 23
    • 1042289635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental disc degeneration due to endplate injury
    • [PMID: 14734978 DOI: 10.1097/00024720-200402000-00012]
    • Holm S, Holm AK, Ekström L, Karladani A, Hansson T. Experimental disc degeneration due to endplate injury. J Spinal Disord Tech 2004; 17: 64-71 [PMID: 14734978 DOI: 10.1097/00024720-200402000-00012]
    • (2004) J Spinal Disord Tech , vol.17 , pp. 64-71
    • Holm, S.1    Holm, A.K.2    Ekström, L.3    Karladani, A.4    Hansson, T.5
  • 24
    • 33846070972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stab incision for inducing intervertebral disc degeneration in the rat
    • [PMID: 17202887 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000251013.07656.45]
    • Rousseau MA, Ulrich JA, Bass EC, Rodriguez AG, Liu JJ, Lotz JC. Stab incision for inducing intervertebral disc degeneration in the rat. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: 17-24 [PMID: 17202887 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000251013.07656.45]
    • (2007) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.32 , pp. 17-24
    • Rousseau, M.A.1    Ulrich, J.A.2    Bass, E.C.3    Rodriguez, A.G.4    Liu, J.J.5    Lotz, J.C.6
  • 25
    • 0032777216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, 2, and 3 proteins in keloids
    • [PMID: 10454326 DOI: 10.1097/00000637-199902000-00013]
    • Lee TY, Chin GS, Kim WJ, Chau D, Gittes GK, Longaker MT. Expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, 2, and 3 proteins in keloids. Ann Plast Surg 1999; 43: 179-184 [PMID: 10454326 DOI: 10.1097/00000637-199902000-00013]
    • (1999) Ann Plast Surg , vol.43 , pp. 179-184
    • Lee, T.Y.1    Chin, G.S.2    Kim, W.J.3    Chau, D.4    Gittes, G.K.5    Longaker, M.T.6
  • 26
    • 0032556494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of use of topical recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor for second-degree burns
    • [PMID: 9853438 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01260-4]
    • Fu X, Shen Z, Chen Y, Xie J, Guo Z, Zhang M, Sheng Z. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of use of topical recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor for second-degree burns. Lancet 1998; 352: 1661-1664 [PMID: 9853438 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01260-4]
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1661-1664
    • Fu, X.1    Shen, Z.2    Chen, Y.3    Xie, J.4    Guo, Z.5    Zhang, M.6    Sheng, Z.7
  • 27
    • 0030934532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound healing--aiming for perfect skin regeneration
    • [PMID: 9082989 DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5309.75]
    • Martin P. Wound healing--aiming for perfect skin regeneration. Science 1997; 276: 75-81 [PMID: 9082989 DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5309.75]
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 75-81
    • Martin, P.1
  • 28
    • 0029129871 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor gene expression in normal and degenerated rat intervertebral discs
    • [PMID: 8578370 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199509150-00002]
    • Nagano T, Yonenobu K, Miyamoto S, Tohyama M, Ono K. Distribution of the basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor gene expression in normal and degenerated rat intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 1972-1978 [PMID: 8578370 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199509150-00002]
    • (1995) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.20 , pp. 1972-1978
    • Nagano, T.1    Yonenobu, K.2    Miyamoto, S.3    Tohyama, M.4    Ono, K.5
  • 29
    • 0028891608 scopus 로고
    • Basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity in blood vessels and cells of disc herniations
    • [PMID: 7537390 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199502000-00003]
    • Tolonen J, Grönblad M, Virri J, Seitsalo S, Rytömaa T, Karaharju E. Basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity in blood vessels and cells of disc herniations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 271-276 [PMID: 7537390 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199502000-00003]
    • (1995) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.20 , pp. 271-276
    • Tolonen, J.1    Grönblad, M.2    Virri, J.3    Seitsalo, S.4    Rytömaa, T.5    Karaharju, E.6
  • 30
    • 0023091938 scopus 로고
    • Functional identity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and a DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein
    • [PMID: 2882424]
    • Prelich G, Tan CK, Kostura M, Mathews MB, So AG, Downey KM, Stillman B. Functional identity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and a DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein. Nature 1987; 326: 517-520 [PMID: 2882424]
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 517-520
    • Prelich, G.1    Tan, C.K.2    Kostura, M.3    Mathews, M.B.4    So, A.G.5    Downey, K.M.6    Stillman, B.7
  • 31
    • 0020610386 scopus 로고
    • The innervation of the lumbar spine
    • [PMID: 6226119 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198304000-00009]
    • Bogduk N. The innervation of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983; 8: 286-293 [PMID: 6226119 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198304000-00009]
    • (1983) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.8 , pp. 286-293
    • Bogduk, N.1
  • 32
    • 35848965939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc
    • [PMID: 17905946 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.89B9.18939]
    • Edgar MA. The nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007; 89: 1135-1139 [PMID: 17905946 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.89B9.18939]
    • (2007) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.89 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Edgar, M.A.1
  • 34
    • 0028140341 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic activation of cat spinal neurons responsive to noxious stimulation of deep tissues in the low back
    • [PMID: 8159439 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90147-3]
    • Gillette RG, Kramis RC, Roberts WJ. Sympathetic activation of cat spinal neurons responsive to noxious stimulation of deep tissues in the low back. Pain 1994; 56: 31-42 [PMID: 8159439 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90147-3]
    • (1994) Pain , vol.56 , pp. 31-42
    • Gillette, R.G.1    Kramis, R.C.2    Roberts, W.J.3
  • 35
    • 0025896076 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sympathetic pain
    • [PMID: 1794073]
    • McMahon SB. Mechanisms of sympathetic pain. Br Med Bull 1991; 47: 584-600 [PMID: 1794073]
    • (1991) Br Med Bull , vol.47 , pp. 584-600
    • McMahon, S.B.1
  • 36
    • 0030790455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve ingrowth into diseased intervertebral disc in chronic back pain
    • [PMID: 9250186 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02135-1]
    • Freemont AJ, Peacock TE, Goupille P, Hoyland JA, O'Brien J, Jayson MI. Nerve ingrowth into diseased intervertebral disc in chronic back pain. Lancet 1997; 350: 178-181 [PMID: 9250186 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02135-1]
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 178-181
    • Freemont, A.J.1    Peacock, T.E.2    Goupille, P.3    Hoyland, J.A.4    O'Brien, J.5    Jayson, M.I.6
  • 37
    • 0025323803 scopus 로고
    • Innervation of annulus fibrosis in low back pain
    • [PMID: 1973516 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91723-N]
    • Coppes MH, Marani E, Thomeer RT, Oudega M, Groen GJ. Innervation of annulus fibrosis in low back pain. Lancet 1990; 336: 189-190 [PMID: 1973516 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91723-N]
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 189-190
    • Coppes, M.H.1    Marani, E.2    Thomeer, R.T.3    Oudega, M.4    Groen, G.J.5
  • 39
    • 0029932289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of nerves supplying the posterior portion of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats
    • [PMID: 8726193 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199604150-00003]
    • Nakamura S, Takahashi K, Takahashi Y, Morinaga T, Shimada Y, Moriya H. Origin of nerves supplying the posterior portion of lumbar intervertebral discs in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996; 21: 917-924 [PMID: 8726193 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199604150-00003]
    • (1996) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.21 , pp. 917-924
    • Nakamura, S.1    Takahashi, K.2    Takahashi, Y.3    Morinaga, T.4    Shimada, Y.5    Moriya, H.6
  • 40
    • 0031856495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory nerve fibres from lumbar intervertebral discs pass through rami communicantes. A possible pathway for discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 9699846 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.80B4.8239]
    • Suseki K, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Chiba T, Yamagata M, Moriya H. Sensory nerve fibres from lumbar intervertebral discs pass through rami communicantes. A possible pathway for discogenic low back pain. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80: 737-742 [PMID: 9699846 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.80B4.8239]
    • (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.80 , pp. 737-742
    • Suseki, K.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Takahashi, K.3    Chiba, T.4    Yamagata, M.5    Moriya, H.6
  • 41
    • 0029947765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain. Evaluation of L2 spinal nerve infiltration
    • [PMID: 8682829]
    • Nakamura SI, Takahashi K, Takahashi Y, Yamagata M, Moriya H. The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain. Evaluation of L2 spinal nerve infiltration. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996; 78: 606-612 [PMID: 8682829]
    • (1996) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.78 , pp. 606-612
    • Nakamura, S.I.1    Takahashi, K.2    Takahashi, Y.3    Yamagata, M.4    Moriya, H.5
  • 42
    • 0003397830 scopus 로고
    • Classification of Chronic Pain. Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndrome and Definitions of Pain Terms
    • Seattle: IASP Press
    • Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain. Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndrome and Definitions of Pain Terms. Seattle: IASP Press 1994: 180-181
    • (1994) , pp. 180-181
    • Merskey, H.1    Bogduk, N.2
  • 45
    • 33748461257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of lumbar discogenic pain--a review of the literature
    • [PMID: 16772802 DOI: 10.1097/01. ajp.0000208244.33498.05]
    • Zhou Y, Abdi S. Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of lumbar discogenic pain--a review of the literature. Clin J Pain 2006; 22: 468-481 [PMID: 16772802 DOI: 10.1097/01. ajp.0000208244.33498.05]
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 468-481
    • Zhou, Y.1    Abdi, S.2
  • 46
    • 33645576311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innervation, inflammation, and hypermobility may characterize pathologic disc degeneration: review of animal model data
    • [PMID: 16595449 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.E.01448]
    • Lotz JC, Ulrich JA. Innervation, inflammation, and hypermobility may characterize pathologic disc degeneration: review of animal model data. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88 Suppl 2: 76-82 [PMID: 16595449 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.E.01448]
    • (2006) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.88 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 76-82
    • Lotz, J.C.1    Ulrich, J.A.2
  • 47
    • 70349603208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and surgical treatment of back pain originating from endplate
    • [PMID: 19294430 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-0938-4]
    • Peng B, Chen J, Kuang Z, Li D, Pang X, Zhang X. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of back pain originating from endplate. Eur Spine J 2009; 18: 1035-1040 [PMID: 19294430 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-0938-4]
    • (2009) Eur Spine J , vol.18 , pp. 1035-1040
    • Peng, B.1    Chen, J.2    Kuang, Z.3    Li, D.4    Pang, X.5    Zhang, X.6
  • 48
    • 0033983059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of Schmorl's nodes to vertebral body endplate fractures and acute endplate disk extrusions
    • [PMID: 10696008]
    • Wagner AL, Murtagh FR, Arrington JA, Stallworth D. Relationship of Schmorl's nodes to vertebral body endplate fractures and acute endplate disk extrusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 276-281 [PMID: 10696008]
    • (2000) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.21 , pp. 276-281
    • Wagner, A.L.1    Murtagh, F.R.2    Arrington, J.A.3    Stallworth, D.4
  • 49
    • 33847761121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal pressure in the degenerated porcine intervertebral disc
    • [PMID: 17364093]
    • Holm S, Ekström L, Kaigle Holm A, Hansson T. Intradiscal pressure in the degenerated porcine intervertebral disc. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 29-33 [PMID: 17364093]
    • (2007) Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol , vol.20 , pp. 29-33
    • Holm, S.1    Ekström, L.2    Kaigle Holm, A.3    Hansson, T.4
  • 50
    • 38849127418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebral endplate trauma induces disc cell apoptosis and promotes organ degeneration in vitro
    • [PMID: 17929064]
    • Haschtmann D, Stoyanov JV, Gédet P, Ferguson SJ. Vertebral endplate trauma induces disc cell apoptosis and promotes organ degeneration in vitro. Eur Spine J 2008; 17: 289-299 [PMID: 17929064]
    • (2008) Eur Spine J , vol.17 , pp. 289-299
    • Haschtmann, D.1    Stoyanov, J.V.2    Gédet, P.3    Ferguson, S.J.4
  • 53
    • 0032101264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation
    • discussion 1252-128; [PMID: 9636979]
    • Ito M, Incorvaia KM, Yu SF, Fredrickson BE, Yuan HA, Rosenbaum AE. Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998; 23: 1252-128; discussion 1252-128; [PMID: 9636979]
    • (1998) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.23 , pp. 1252-1128
    • Ito, M.1    Incorvaia, K.M.2    Yu, S.F.3    Fredrickson, B.E.4    Yuan, H.A.5    Rosenbaum, A.E.6
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0033557692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of pressure-controlled discography to predict surgical and nonsurgical outcomes
    • discussion 371-2 [PMID: 10065521 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199902150-00014]
    • Derby R, Howard MW, Grant JM, Lettice JJ, Van Peteghem PK, Ryan DP. The ability of pressure-controlled discography to predict surgical and nonsurgical outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999; 24: 364-71; discussion 371-2 [PMID: 10065521 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199902150-00014]
    • (1999) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.24 , pp. 364-371
    • Derby, R.1    Howard, M.W.2    Grant, J.M.3    Lettice, J.J.4    Van Peteghem, P.K.5    Ryan, D.P.6
  • 57
    • 21644477454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of discographic findings in asymptomatic subject discs and the negative discs of chronic LBP patients: can discography distinguish asymptomatic discs among morphologically abnormal discs?
    • [PMID: 15996608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05034.x]
    • Derby R, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Chen Y, Seo KS, Aprill C. Comparison of discographic findings in asymptomatic subject discs and the negative discs of chronic LBP patients: can discography distinguish asymptomatic discs among morphologically abnormal discs? Spine J 2005; 5: 389-394 [PMID: 15996608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05034.x]
    • (2005) Spine J , vol.5 , pp. 389-394
    • Derby, R.1    Kim, B.J.2    Lee, S.H.3    Chen, Y.4    Seo, K.S.5    Aprill, C.6
  • 58
    • 84859131658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariable analysis of the relationship between pain referral patterns and the source of chronic low back pain
    • [PMID: 22430655]
    • Laplante BL, Ketchum JM, Saullo TR, DePalma MJ. Multivariable analysis of the relationship between pain referral patterns and the source of chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 171-178 [PMID: 22430655]
    • (2012) Pain Physician , vol.15 , pp. 171-178
    • Laplante, B.L.1    Ketchum, J.M.2    Saullo, T.R.3    DePalma, M.J.4
  • 60
    • 67650322082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsurgical interventional therapies for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline
    • [PMID: 19363456 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc]
    • Chou R, Atlas SJ, Stanos SP, Rosenquist RW. Nonsurgical interventional therapies for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: 1078-1093 [PMID: 19363456 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc]
    • (2009) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.34 , pp. 1078-1093
    • Chou, R.1    Atlas, S.J.2    Stanos, S.P.3    Rosenquist, R.W.4
  • 61
    • 33847136374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of discography as a diagnostic test for spinal pain: an update
    • [PMID: 17256028]
    • Buenaventura RM, Shah RV, Patel V, Benyamin R, Singh V. Systematic review of discography as a diagnostic test for spinal pain: an update. Pain Physician 2007; 10: 147-164 [PMID: 17256028]
    • (2007) Pain Physician , vol.10 , pp. 147-164
    • Buenaventura, R.M.1    Shah, R.V.2    Patel, V.3    Benyamin, R.4    Singh, V.5
  • 62
    • 84875246586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain: systematic review on the accuracy of tests for patient selection
    • [PMID: 23127364]
    • Willems PC, Staal JB, Walenkamp GH, de Bie RA. Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain: systematic review on the accuracy of tests for patient selection. Spine J 2013; 13: 99-109 [PMID: 23127364]
    • (2013) Spine J , vol.13 , pp. 99-109
    • Willems, P.C.1    Staal, J.B.2    Walenkamp, G.H.3    de Bie, R.A.4
  • 63
    • 84869781386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective clinical study on natural history of discogenic low back pain at 4 years of follow-up
    • [PMID: 23159971]
    • Peng B, Fu X, Pang X, Li D, Liu W, Gao C, Yang H. Prospective clinical study on natural history of discogenic low back pain at 4 years of follow-up. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 525-532 [PMID: 23159971]
    • (2012) Pain Physician , vol.15 , pp. 525-532
    • Peng, B.1    Fu, X.2    Pang, X.3    Li, D.4    Liu, W.5    Gao, C.6    Yang, H.7
  • 64
    • 17944373586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Persistent low back pain
    • [PMID: 15872204 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp042054]
    • Carragee EJ. Clinical practice. Persistent low back pain. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1891-1898 [PMID: 15872204 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp042054]
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1891-1898
    • Carragee, E.J.1
  • 65
    • 78651511790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review on the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for chronic non-specific low-back pain
    • [PMID: 20680369 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1541-4]
    • Kuijpers T, van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Ostelo R, Verhagen A, Koes BW, van Tulder MW. A systematic review on the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Eur Spine J 2011; 20: 40-50 [PMID: 20680369 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1541-4]
    • (2011) Eur Spine J , vol.20 , pp. 40-50
    • Kuijpers, T.1    van Middelkoop, M.2    Rubinstein, S.M.3    Ostelo, R.4    Verhagen, A.5    Koes, B.W.6    van Tulder, M.W.7
  • 66
    • 37349047414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year follow-up comparison of the effectiveness of McKenzie treatment and strengthening training for patients with chronic low back pain: outcome and prognostic factors
    • [PMID: 18091486 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318201ee8e]
    • Petersen T, Larsen K, Jacobsen S. One-year follow-up comparison of the effectiveness of McKenzie treatment and strengthening training for patients with chronic low back pain: outcome and prognostic factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: 2948-2956 [PMID: 18091486 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318201ee8e]
    • (2007) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.32 , pp. 2948-2956
    • Petersen, T.1    Larsen, K.2    Jacobsen, S.3
  • 67
    • 69849113258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of lumbar discography as a diagnostic test for chronic low back pain
    • [PMID: 19461822]
    • Manchikanti L, Glaser SE, Wolfer L, Derby R, Cohen SP. Systematic review of lumbar discography as a diagnostic test for chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 541-559 [PMID: 19461822]
    • (2009) Pain Physician , vol.12 , pp. 541-559
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Glaser, S.E.2    Wolfer, L.3    Derby, R.4    Cohen, S.P.5
  • 68
    • 77953349141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the growth of epidural injections and costs in the Medicare population: a comparative evaluation of 1997, 2002, and 2006 data
    • [PMID: 20495584]
    • Manchikanti L, Pampati V, Boswell MV, Smith HS, Hirsch JA. Analysis of the growth of epidural injections and costs in the Medicare population: a comparative evaluation of 1997, 2002, and 2006 data. Pain Physician 2010; 13: 199-212 [PMID: 20495584]
    • (2010) Pain Physician , vol.13 , pp. 199-212
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Pampati, V.2    Boswell, M.V.3    Smith, H.S.4    Hirsch, J.A.5
  • 69
    • 61749085910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low back pain: an updated Cochrane review
    • [PMID: 19127161 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181909558]
    • Staal JB, de Bie RA, de Vet HC, Hildebrandt J, Nelemans P. Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low back pain: an updated Cochrane review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: 49-59 [PMID: 19127161 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181909558]
    • (2009) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.34 , pp. 49-59
    • Staal, J.B.1    de Bie, R.A.2    de Vet, H.C.3    Hildebrandt, J.4    Nelemans, P.5
  • 70
    • 77953343243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the American Pain Society clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques: part 1. Diagnostic interventions
    • [PMID: 20495596]
    • Manchikanti L, Datta S, Derby R, Wolfer LR, Benyamin RM, Hirsch JA. A critical review of the American Pain Society clinical practice guidelines for interventional techniques: part 1. Diagnostic interventions. Pain Physician 2010; 13: E141-E174 [PMID: 20495596]
    • (2010) Pain Physician , vol.13
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Datta, S.2    Derby, R.3    Wolfer, L.R.4    Benyamin, R.M.5    Hirsch, J.A.6
  • 71
    • 63249110927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain: a systematic review
    • [PMID: 19165302]
    • Parr AT, Diwan S, Abdi S. Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 163-188 [PMID: 19165302]
    • (2009) Pain Physician , vol.12 , pp. 163-188
    • Parr, A.T.1    Diwan, S.2    Abdi, S.3
  • 72
    • 63249095378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain
    • [PMID: 19165299]
    • Conn A, Buenaventura RM, Datta S, Abdi S, Diwan S. Systematic review of caudal epidural injections in the management of chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 109-135 [PMID: 19165299]
    • (2009) Pain Physician , vol.12 , pp. 109-135
    • Conn, A.1    Buenaventura, R.M.2    Datta, S.3    Abdi, S.4    Diwan, S.5
  • 73
    • 63249112433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections
    • [PMID: 19165306]
    • Buenaventura RM, Datta S, Abdi S, Smith HS. Systematic review of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 233-251 [PMID: 19165306]
    • (2009) Pain Physician , vol.12 , pp. 233-251
    • Buenaventura, R.M.1    Datta, S.2    Abdi, S.3    Smith, H.S.4
  • 74
    • 46949108526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessment of evidence synthesis of occupational medicine practice guidelines for interventional pain management
    • [PMID: 18690276]
    • Manchikanti L, Singh V, Derby R, Schultz DM, Benyamin RM, Prager JP, Hirsch JA. Reassessment of evidence synthesis of occupational medicine practice guidelines for interventional pain management. Pain Physician 2008; 11: 393-482 [PMID: 18690276]
    • (2008) Pain Physician , vol.11 , pp. 393-482
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Singh, V.2    Derby, R.3    Schultz, D.M.4    Benyamin, R.M.5    Prager, J.P.6    Hirsch, J.A.7
  • 75
    • 0032847015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural steroids for low back pain and sciatica
    • Bogduk N. Epidural steroids for low back pain and sciatica. Pain Digest 1999; 9: 226-227
    • (1999) Pain Digest , vol.9 , pp. 226-227
    • Bogduk, N.1
  • 76
    • 0021867325 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of backache with spinal injections of local anesthetics, spinal and systemic steroids. A review
    • [PMID: 3159998 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(85)90146-0]
    • Kepes ER, Duncalf D. Treatment of backache with spinal injections of local anesthetics, spinal and systemic steroids. A review. Pain 1985; 22: 33-47 [PMID: 3159998 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(85)90146-0]
    • (1985) Pain , vol.22 , pp. 33-47
    • Kepes, E.R.1    Duncalf, D.2
  • 77
    • 0028875315 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low-back pain and sciatica: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
    • [PMID: 8719528]
    • Koes BW, Scholten RJ, Mens JM, Bouter LM. Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low-back pain and sciatica: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Pain 1995; 63: 279-288 [PMID: 8719528]
    • (1995) Pain , vol.63 , pp. 279-288
    • Koes, B.W.1    Scholten, R.J.2    Mens, J.M.3    Bouter, L.M.4
  • 78
    • 0033043723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of epidural steroids in low back pain and sciatica. A critical appraisal by a French Task Force of randomized trials. Critical Analysis Group of the French Society for Rheumatology
    • [PMID: 10084166]
    • Rozenberg S, Dubourg G, Khalifa P, Paolozzi L, Maheu E, Ravaud P. Efficacy of epidural steroids in low back pain and sciatica. A critical appraisal by a French Task Force of randomized trials. Critical Analysis Group of the French Society for Rheumatology. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1999; 66: 79-85 [PMID: 10084166]
    • (1999) Rev Rhum Engl Ed , vol.66 , pp. 79-85
    • Rozenberg, S.1    Dubourg, G.2    Khalifa, P.3    Paolozzi, L.4    Maheu, E.5    Ravaud, P.6
  • 79
    • 0029123263 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis on the efficacy of epidural corticosteroids in the treatment of sciatica
    • [PMID: 8787255]
    • Watts RW, Silagy CA. A meta-analysis on the efficacy of epidural corticosteroids in the treatment of sciatica. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995; 23: 564-569 [PMID: 8787255]
    • (1995) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.23 , pp. 564-569
    • Watts, R.W.1    Silagy, C.A.2
  • 81
    • 34548126485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural local anesthetic plus corticosteroid for the treatment of cervical brachial radicular pain: single injection versus continuous infusion
    • [PMID: 17710003 DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318074c95c]
    • Pasqualucci A, Varrassi G, Braschi A, Peduto VA, Brunelli A, Marinangeli F, Gori F, Colò F, Paladini A, Mojoli F. Epidural local anesthetic plus corticosteroid for the treatment of cervical brachial radicular pain: single injection versus continuous infusion. Clin J Pain 2007; 23: 551-557 [PMID: 17710003 DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318074c95c]
    • (2007) Clin J Pain , vol.23 , pp. 551-557
    • Pasqualucci, A.1    Varrassi, G.2    Braschi, A.3    Peduto, V.A.4    Brunelli, A.5    Marinangeli, F.6    Gori, F.7    Colò, F.8    Paladini, A.9    Mojoli, F.10
  • 82
    • 0034319210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone reduces the early vascular permeability increase in spinal nerve roots induced by epidural nucleus pulposus application
    • [PMID: 11192260]
    • Byröd G, Otani K, Brisby H, Rydevik B, Olmarker K. Methylprednisolone reduces the early vascular permeability increase in spinal nerve roots induced by epidural nucleus pulposus application. J Orthop Res 2000; 18: 983-987 [PMID: 11192260]
    • (2000) J Orthop Res , vol.18 , pp. 983-987
    • Byröd, G.1    Otani, K.2    Brisby, H.3    Rydevik, B.4    Olmarker, K.5
  • 83
    • 0032523126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of epidural injection of betamethasone or bupivacaine in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy
    • [PMID: 9580954]
    • Hayashi N, Weinstein JN, Meller ST, Lee HM, Spratt KF, Gebhart GF. The effect of epidural injection of betamethasone or bupivacaine in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998; 23: 877-885 [PMID: 9580954]
    • (1998) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.23 , pp. 877-885
    • Hayashi, N.1    Weinstein, J.N.2    Meller, S.T.3    Lee, H.M.4    Spratt, K.F.5    Gebhart, G.F.6
  • 84
    • 0032101323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of steroids and their effects on phospholipase A2. An animal model of radiculopathy
    • [PMID: 9636970]
    • Lee HM, Weinstein JN, Meller ST, Hayashi N, Spratt KF, Gebhart GF. The role of steroids and their effects on phospholipase A2. An animal model of radiculopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998; 23: 1191-1196 [PMID: 9636970]
    • (1998) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.23 , pp. 1191-1196
    • Lee, H.M.1    Weinstein, J.N.2    Meller, S.T.3    Hayashi, N.4    Spratt, K.F.5    Gebhart, G.F.6
  • 85
    • 0032522901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of steroid and lipopolysaccharide on spontaneous resorption of herniated intervertebral discs. An experimental study in the rabbit
    • [PMID: 9580953 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199804150-00007]
    • Minamide A, Tamaki T, Hashizume H, Yoshida M, Kawakami M, Hayashi N. Effects of steroid and lipopolysaccharide on spontaneous resorption of herniated intervertebral discs. An experimental study in the rabbit. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998; 23: 870-876 [PMID: 9580953 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199804150-00007]
    • (1998) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.23 , pp. 870-876
    • Minamide, A.1    Tamaki, T.2    Hashizume, H.3    Yoshida, M.4    Kawakami, M.5    Hayashi, N.6
  • 86
    • 0034667342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: a prospective outcome study with minimum 1-year follow-up
    • [PMID: 11034647 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200010150-00013]
    • Saal JA, Saal JS. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: a prospective outcome study with minimum 1-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25: 2622-2627 [PMID: 11034647 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200010150-00013]
    • (2000) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.25 , pp. 2622-2627
    • Saal, J.A.1    Saal, J.S.2
  • 87
    • 0036570555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: prospective outcome study with a minimum 2-year follow-up
    • discussion 973-4 [PMID: 11979172 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200205010-00017]
    • Saal JA, Saal JS. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: prospective outcome study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: 966-73; discussion 973-4 [PMID: 11979172 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200205010-00017]
    • (2002) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.27 , pp. 966-973
    • Saal, J.A.1    Saal, J.S.2
  • 88
    • 0344118055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does intradiscal electrothermal therapy denervate and repair experimentally induced posterolateral annular tears in an animal model?
    • [PMID: 14652477 DOI: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000097889.01759.05]
    • Freeman BJ, Walters RM, Moore RJ, Fraser RD. Does intradiscal electrothermal therapy denervate and repair experimentally induced posterolateral annular tears in an animal model? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003; 28: 2602-2608 [PMID: 14652477 DOI: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000097889.01759.05]
    • (2003) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.28 , pp. 2602-2608
    • Freeman, B.J.1    Walters, R.M.2    Moore, R.J.3    Fraser, R.D.4
  • 89
    • 27644464786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial: intradiscal electrothermal therapy versus placebo for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain
    • discussion 2378 [PMID: 16261111 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000186587.43373.f2]
    • Freeman BJ, Fraser RD, Cain CM, Hall DJ, Chapple DC. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial: intradiscal electrothermal therapy versus placebo for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30: 2369-277; discussion 2378 [PMID: 16261111 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000186587.43373.f2]
    • (2005) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.30 , pp. 2369-2277
    • Freeman, B.J.1    Fraser, R.D.2    Cain, C.M.3    Hall, D.J.4    Chapple, D.C.5
  • 90
    • 0345874549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 14749191 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2003.07.001]
    • Pauza KJ, Howell S, Dreyfuss P, Peloza JH, Dawson K, Bogduk N. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain. Spine J 2004; 4: 27-35 [PMID: 14749191 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2003.07.001]
    • (2004) Spine J , vol.4 , pp. 27-35
    • Pauza, K.J.1    Howell, S.2    Dreyfuss, P.3    Peloza, J.H.4    Dawson, K.5    Bogduk, N.6
  • 91
    • 1042304202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intradiscal restorative injections and intradiscal electrothermal treatment (IDET) in the treatment of low back pain
    • [PMID: 16868613]
    • Derby R, Eek B, Lee SH, Seo KS, Kim BJ. Comparison of intradiscal restorative injections and intradiscal electrothermal treatment (IDET) in the treatment of low back pain. Pain Physician 2004; 7: 63-66 [PMID: 16868613]
    • (2004) Pain Physician , vol.7 , pp. 63-66
    • Derby, R.1    Eek, B.2    Lee, S.H.3    Seo, K.S.4    Kim, B.J.5
  • 92
    • 84861882048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal electrothermal therapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain: experience with 93 patients
    • [PMID: 20847918]
    • Tsou HK, Chao SC, Kao TH, Yiin JJ, Hsu HC, Shen CC, Chen HT. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain: experience with 93 patients. Surg Neurol Int 2010; 1: 37 [PMID: 20847918]
    • (2010) Surg Neurol Int , vol.1 , pp. 37
    • Tsou, H.K.1    Chao, S.C.2    Kao, T.H.3    Yiin, J.J.4    Hsu, H.C.5    Shen, C.C.6    Chen, H.T.7
  • 93
    • 79952277251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of discogenic low back pain with Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET): 24 months follow-up in 50 consecutive patients
    • [PMID: 21107944 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-99370-5_15]
    • Assietti R, Morosi M, Migliaccio G, Meani L, Block JE. Treatment of discogenic low back pain with Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET): 24 months follow-up in 50 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2011; 108: 103-105 [PMID: 21107944 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-99370-5_15]
    • (2011) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.108 , pp. 103-105
    • Assietti, R.1    Morosi, M.2    Migliaccio, G.3    Meani, L.4    Block, J.E.5
  • 94
    • 1842564022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IDET procedure for chronic discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 15087797 DOI: 10.1097/01. BRS.0000119403.11472.40]
    • Davis TT, Delamarter RB, Sra P, Goldstein TB. The IDET procedure for chronic discogenic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004; 29: 752-756 [PMID: 15087797 DOI: 10.1097/01. BRS.0000119403.11472.40]
    • (2004) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.29 , pp. 752-756
    • Davis, T.T.1    Delamarter, R.B.2    Sra, P.3    Goldstein, T.B.4
  • 95
    • 14944339488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of IDET for relief of leg pain associated with discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 17173608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2004.04401.x]
    • Derby R, Lee SH, Seo KS, Kazala K, Kim BJ, Kim MJ. Efficacy of IDET for relief of leg pain associated with discogenic low back pain. Pain Pract 2004; 4: 281-285 [PMID: 17173608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2004.04401.x]
    • (2004) Pain Pract , vol.4 , pp. 281-285
    • Derby, R.1    Lee, S.H.2    Seo, K.S.3    Kazala, K.4    Kim, B.J.5    Kim, M.J.6
  • 96
    • 45149119503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for low back pain in worker's compensation patients: can it provide a potential answer? Long-term results
    • [PMID: 18418130 DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31804c990e]
    • Nunley PD, Jawahar A, Brandao SM, Wilkinson KM. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for low back pain in worker's compensation patients: can it provide a potential answer? Long-term results. J Spinal Disord Tech 2008; 21: 11-18 [PMID: 18418130 DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31804c990e]
    • (2008) J Spinal Disord Tech , vol.21 , pp. 11-18
    • Nunley, P.D.1    Jawahar, A.2    Brandao, S.M.3    Wilkinson, K.M.4
  • 97
    • 63249101836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of the effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 19165305]
    • Helm S, Hayek SM, Benyamin RM, Manchikanti L. Systematic review of the effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low back pain. Pain Physician 2009; 12: 207-232 [PMID: 19165305]
    • (2009) Pain Physician , vol.12 , pp. 207-232
    • Helm, S.1    Hayek, S.M.2    Benyamin, R.M.3    Manchikanti, L.4
  • 98
    • 38949123085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological changes and temperature distribution studies of a novel bipolar radiofrequency heating system in degenerated and nondegenerated human cadaver lumbar discs
    • [PMID: 18254769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00410.x]
    • Kapural L, Mekhail N, Hicks D, Kapural M, Sloan S, Moghal N, Ross J, Petrinec D. Histological changes and temperature distribution studies of a novel bipolar radiofrequency heating system in degenerated and nondegenerated human cadaver lumbar discs. Pain Med 2008; 9: 68-75 [PMID: 18254769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00410.x]
    • (2008) Pain Med , vol.9 , pp. 68-75
    • Kapural, L.1    Mekhail, N.2    Hicks, D.3    Kapural, M.4    Sloan, S.5    Moghal, N.6    Ross, J.7    Petrinec, D.8
  • 99
    • 38949172762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervertebral disc biacuplasty for the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain: results of a six-month follow-up
    • [PMID: 18254768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00407.x]
    • Kapural L, Ng A, Dalton J, Mascha E, Kapural M, de la Garza M, Mekhail N. Intervertebral disc biacuplasty for the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain: results of a six-month follow-up. Pain Med 2008; 9: 60-67 [PMID: 18254768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00407.x]
    • (2008) Pain Med , vol.9 , pp. 60-67
    • Kapural, L.1    Ng, A.2    Dalton, J.3    Mascha, E.4    Kapural, M.5    de la Garza, M.6    Mekhail, N.7
  • 100
    • 79751492826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-month results of TransDiscal Biacuplasty on patients with discogenic low back pain: preliminary findings
    • [PMID: 21197258]
    • Karaman H, Tüfek A, Kavak GÖ, Kaya S, Yildirim ZB, Uysal E, Celik F. 6-month results of TransDiscal Biacuplasty on patients with discogenic low back pain: preliminary findings. Int J Med Sci 2010; 8: 1-8 [PMID: 21197258]
    • (2010) Int J Med Sci , vol.8 , pp. 1-8
    • Karaman, H.1    Tüfek, A.2    Kavak, G.Ö.3    Kaya, S.4    Yildirim, Z.B.5    Uysal, E.6    Celik, F.7
  • 101
    • 0028836824 scopus 로고
    • Chronic disabling low back pain syndrome caused by internal disc derangements. The results of disc excision and posterior lumbar interbody fusion
    • [PMID: 7732473]
    • Lee CK, Vessa P, Lee JK. Chronic disabling low back pain syndrome caused by internal disc derangements. The results of disc excision and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20: 356-361 [PMID: 7732473]
    • (1995) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.20 , pp. 356-361
    • Lee, C.K.1    Vessa, P.2    Lee, J.K.3
  • 103
    • 0036605458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic low back pain and fusion: a comparison of three surgical techniques: a prospective multicenter randomized study from the Swedish lumbar spine study group
    • [PMID: 12045508 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200206010-00002]
    • Fritzell P, Hägg O, Wessberg P, Nordwall A. Chronic low back pain and fusion: a comparison of three surgical techniques: a prospective multicenter randomized study from the Swedish lumbar spine study group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: 1131-1141 [PMID: 12045508 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200206010-00002]
    • (2002) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.27 , pp. 1131-1141
    • Fritzell, P.1    Hägg, O.2    Wessberg, P.3    Nordwall, A.4
  • 104
    • 0035581162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group
    • discussion 2521-2532 [PMID: 11725230 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00002]
    • Fritzell P, Hägg O, Wessberg P, Nordwall A. 2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26: 2521-2532; discussion 2521-2532 [PMID: 11725230 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00002]
    • (2001) Spine (Phila Pa 1976 , vol.26 , pp. 2521-2532
    • Fritzell, P.1    Hägg, O.2    Wessberg, P.3    Nordwall, A.4
  • 105
    • 0345004996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar arthrodesis for the treatment of back pain
    • [PMID: 10360702]
    • Hanley EN, David SM. Lumbar arthrodesis for the treatment of back pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999; 81: 716-730 [PMID: 10360702]
    • (1999) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.81 , pp. 716-730
    • Hanley, E.N.1    David, S.M.2
  • 106
    • 26444491055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of disabling single-level lumbar discogenic low back pain with total disc arthroplasty utilizing the Prodisc prosthesis: a prospective study with 2-year minimum follow-up
    • [PMID: 16205353 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000182217.87660.40]
    • Bertagnoli R, Yue JJ, Shah RV, Nanieva R, Pfeiffer F, Fenk-Mayer A, Kershaw T, Husted DS. The treatment of disabling single-level lumbar discogenic low back pain with total disc arthroplasty utilizing the Prodisc prosthesis: a prospective study with 2-year minimum follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30: 2230-2236 [PMID: 16205353 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000182217.87660.40]
    • (2005) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.30 , pp. 2230-2236
    • Bertagnoli, R.1    Yue, J.J.2    Shah, R.V.3    Nanieva, R.4    Pfeiffer, F.5    Fenk-Mayer, A.6    Kershaw, T.7    Husted, D.S.8
  • 107
    • 26444480670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of disabling multilevel lumbar discogenic low back pain with total disc arthroplasty utilizing the ProDisc prosthesis: a prospective study with 2-year minimum follow-up
    • [PMID: 16205346 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000181061.43194.18]
    • Bertagnoli R, Yue JJ, Shah RV, Nanieva R, Pfeiffer F, Fenk-Mayer A, Kershaw T, Husted DS. The treatment of disabling multilevel lumbar discogenic low back pain with total disc arthroplasty utilizing the ProDisc prosthesis: a prospective study with 2-year minimum follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30: 2192-2199 [PMID: 16205346 DOI: 10.1097/01. brs.0000181061.43194.18]
    • (2005) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.30 , pp. 2192-2199
    • Bertagnoli, R.1    Yue, J.J.2    Shah, R.V.3    Nanieva, R.4    Pfeiffer, F.5    Fenk-Mayer, A.6    Kershaw, T.7    Husted, D.S.8
  • 108
    • 84859005232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgery with disc prosthesis versus rehabilitation in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc: two year follow-up of randomised study
    • [PMID: 21596740 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2786]
    • Hellum C, Johnsen LG, Storheim K, Nygaard OP, Brox JI, Rossvoll I, Rø M, Sandvik L, Grundnes O. Surgery with disc prosthesis versus rehabilitation in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc: two year follow-up of randomised study. BMJ 2011; 342: d2786 [PMID: 21596740 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2786]
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Hellum, C.1    Johnsen, L.G.2    Storheim, K.3    Nygaard, O.P.4    Brox, J.I.5    Rossvoll, I.6    Rø, M.7    Sandvik, L.8    Grundnes, O.9
  • 110
    • 33846456292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 16496191 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-006-0076-1]
    • Peng B, Zhang Y, Hou S, Wu W, Fu X. Intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain. Eur Spine J 2007; 16: 33-38 [PMID: 16496191 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-006-0076-1]
    • (2007) Eur Spine J , vol.16 , pp. 33-38
    • Peng, B.1    Zhang, Y.2    Hou, S.3    Wu, W.4    Fu, X.5
  • 111
    • 77349089226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain
    • [PMID: 20167430 DOI: 10.1016/j]
    • Peng B, Pang X, Wu Y, Zhao C, Song X. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain. Pain 2010; 149: 124-129 [PMID: 20167430 DOI: 10.1016/j]
    • (2010) Pain , vol.149 , pp. 124-129
    • Peng, B.1    Pang, X.2    Wu, Y.3    Zhao, C.4    Song, X.5
  • 112
    • 80052525054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The experimental study on the mechanisms of methylene blue injection for treatment of discogenic low back pain in the animal model
    • Pang X, Xu Z, Peng B, Yang H, Li D, Gao C. The experimental study on the mechanisms of methylene blue injection for treatment of discogenic low back pain in the animal model. Zhongguo Tengtong Yixue Zazhi 2011; 17: 274-279
    • (2011) Zhongguo Tengtong Yixue Zazhi , vol.17 , pp. 274-279
    • Pang, X.1    Xu, Z.2    Peng, B.3    Yang, H.4    Li, D.5    Gao, C.6
  • 113
    • 84893000878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The experimental study on the NO content in the degenerated disc induced by needle puncture animal model
    • Kang X, Peng B. The experimental study on the NO content in the degenerated disc induced by needle puncture animal model. Zhongguo Tengtong Yixue Zazhi 2011; 17: 266-273
    • (2011) Zhongguo Tengtong Yixue Zazhi , vol.17 , pp. 266-273
    • Kang, X.1    Peng, B.2
  • 114
    • 84893009524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration and repair of intervertebral disc degeneration
    • Sanders S, editor, Washington: Science/AAAS
    • Peng B, Pang X. Regeneration and repair of intervertebral disc degeneration. In: Sanders S, editor. Regenerative medicine in China. Washington: Science/AAAS, 2012: 52-53
    • (2012) Regenerative medicine in China , pp. 52-53
    • Peng, B.1    Pang, X.2
  • 115
    • 80053324854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervertebral disc repair by autologous mesenchymal bone marrow cells: a pilot study
    • [PMID: 21792091 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182298a15]
    • Orozco L, Soler R, Morera C, Alberca M, Sánchez A, García-Sancho J. Intervertebral disc repair by autologous mesenchymal bone marrow cells: a pilot study. Transplantation 2011; 92: 822-828 [PMID: 21792091 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182298a15]
    • (2011) Transplantation , vol.92 , pp. 822-828
    • Orozco, L.1    Soler, R.2    Morera, C.3    Alberca, M.4    Sánchez, A.5    García-Sancho, J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.